Giant isopod - ba za ku iya ɓoye irin wannan ƙarancin katako ba a ƙarƙashin ragggen damp!
https://animalreader.ru/gigantskiy-izopod-takuyu-mokr ..
Giant isopods, wanda kuma ake kira cephalopods ko isopods, suna daga cikin halittar Bathynomus. A cikin wannan dabi’ar zuwa.
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Mene ne mafi ƙarancin bishiyoyi a duniya?
A waje, babban inji na da matukar alaqa da dangin su na yau da kullun, wanda a wasu lokuta ake kira "kankana" a tsakanin mutane.
Koda yake, tsarin jikinta yana da fasali:
- Bambancin da aka bayyana tsakanin keɓaɓɓe da ƙananan dangi shine kasancewar babban “wutsiya” da ruwan wukake da dama, yana bayar da ikon iyo. Lice na itace ba su da irin wannan wutsiya, amma kifin crayfish na da shi.
- Thearfin katako na katako yana da manyan makamai masu ƙarfi, wanda, duk da haka, ba'a amfani dashi don kai hari ko kariya ba. Ana buƙatar su da yawa don sauƙaƙe motsi tare da yumbu ko ƙasa mai laka.
- Abin ban sha'awa shine, ƙanƙan katako na itace suna da manyan idanu da kyawawan idanu. Ba a bayyane dalilin da yasa suke buƙatar hakan ba a zurfin inda suke rayuwa, amma gaskiyar ita ce - suna ganin ƙirar manyan keɓaɓɓu.
Bugu da kari, game da haɗari, babban faren katako na itace (har da ƙananan lice na ƙasa) na iya jujjuyawa cikin ƙwallo, bayan haka dukkanin yankuna masu laushi da m na ciki suna samun kariya ta faranti na exoskeleton masu ƙarfi.
Giant isopod - ba za ku iya ɓoye irin wannan ƙarancin katako ba a ƙarƙashin ragggen damp!
Giant isopods, wanda kuma ake kira cephalopods ko isopods, suna daga cikin halittar Bathynomus. A cikin wannan asalin, a halin yanzu akwai jinsuna tara.
Dukkan wakilan wannan dabi’ar ana samunsu ne a sassa daban-daban na Atlantika a zurfin nisan mita ɗari da saba’in, da nisan mil biyu da rabi. Amma galibin waɗannan crayfish ana samun su a zurfin mitir ɗari uku da sittin zuwa ɗari bakwai da hamsin.
Ta hanyar bayyanar su, manyan isopods sun fi kama da injunan itace. Amma girman nau'in crayfish ya “fi kadan” wanda ya fi na mazaunan kichin katako da wadanda ke boye karkashin wata lemo.
Babban gizon isopods na iya girma har zuwa rabin mita, kuma nauyin samfurin da aka kama mafi girma shine 1.7 kg. Tsawon wannan katuwar ta kasance santimita 76!
Wadannan dabbobin ruwa misali ne mai kyau na gigantism mai zurfi na teku. Ya rage kawai don murna cewa an samo wadannan dodanni, ba a cikin gidaje ba, amma zurfi a cikin teku.
Babban Isopod (Bathynomus).
A zahiri, waɗannan manyan crustaceans an dauki farko don woodlice a karni na sha tara. A wannan lokacin ne masanin ilimin dabbobi na Faransa Alfons Milne-Edwards ya bayyana su. Wani ƙaramin ɗan gogaggen namiji ya ɓoye shi a ƙasan Gulf of Mexico. Gano wannan nau'in rayuwar marine shine ya karyata ra'ayin gaba daya, yadu a karshen karni na sha tara, zurfin teku ba su da rai.
A halin yanzu, irin wannan ra'ayin game da rashi na bakin teku kamar ba malalata bane, saboda a nan ne gawar manyan kifayen, gawawwakin kifin kifi da sauran halittu masu rai suka fadi bayan ƙarshen tafiyarsu. Ba shi yiwuwa a tunanin cewa babu wanda zai “kula” da tsabtar teku. Babban gizon isopods ne ya dauki nauyin tsaftace kasan Tekun Atlantika. Wataƙila wannan ba shine mafi kyawun matsayi ba, amma yakamata a lura cewa manyan gilasai suna ciyarwa ba kawai akan ɗaukar kaya ba, har ma a kan sososai, kantunan teku da sauran dabbobi, saurin da ba shi da yawa.
Ana ɗaukar katon isopod shine mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kodayake wasu ba suyi nazari kaɗan ba.
Abin sani kawai dabi'a ce cewa babu abinci mai yawa a cikin teku, wanda, ƙari, ba shi da sauƙi a cikin duhu. Saboda wannan, manyan unguluyoyi lokaci-lokaci dole ne su fuskanci yunwar, kuma ana daidaita su da wannan sashe na rayuwarsu.
Binciken manya manyan halittun isopods sun tabbatar da cewa wannan halitta mai zurfi a teku zata iya yin abinci ba har tsawon makonni takwas. Amma idan wannan kayan masarufi ya sami isasshen abinci, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da keɓaɓɓen ɓoye ya sami babban ganima, to a wannan yanayin ya riga ya ci har ƙima. Dole ne in faɗi cewa a gawawwakin kifayen kifayen, da kuma kusa da manyan kifayen kifayen, wani lokaci za ku iya samun kusan ƙarfafan katako na cinye gawa.
Manyan isopods ba su da matukar mahimmanci ga kamun kifin masana'antu.
Idan keɓaɓɓen wuri yana cikin haɗari, zai ninka kamar ƙwallo, don haka yana dogara da kansa ga abokan gaba. Wannan harsashi ya ƙunshi bangarori da yawa. Na farkon su hade da kai. Amma ga ƙananan ƙananan, sun kirkiro wani abu kamar garkuwar wutsiya, wanda ke saman saman gajeriyar ciki.
Abun dabi'a ne cewa idanun manyan gizon isopod sun dace da girman masu: manyan, hadaddun abubuwa, kuma basu da fuskoki ƙasa da dubu huɗu. Dangantaka da juna, suna kasancewa a nesa nesa kusa da juna, suna ba da cutar kansa da hangen nesa na gaba. Bugu da kari, a cikin arsenal na manya isopod akwai nau'i-nau'i daga kafafu bakwai da nau'i biyu na eriyoyi. Abubuwan farko na amfani da babbar hanyar isopod shine yake amfani da shi azaman "cutlery", kuma tare da taimakonsu crustacean suna kawo abinci ga nau'i-nau'i huɗu na jaws ɗin. Cikakken ciki na babban girar ruwan kashi ɗaya ya ƙunshi kashi biyar.
An lullube jikin babbar katuwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta zama tare da ƙwalƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwararrun maɓuɓɓu na waje.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga sama, bayyanar babban gizon isopod ya yi fice sosai. Amma game da mace, suna kuma da kayan alaƙa da abin da ke haɗuwa da ƙwai.
A hanyar, ƙwai ne na babbar ƙwalƙwalwa da ake ɗaukarsu mafi girma a cikin dukkanin hanyoyin da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa. Tabbas, qwai na buƙatar kariya daga maharban da ba su da ɗanɗano don cin abincin wannan abincin. Saboda wannan dalili, mace na dauke da dukkan ƙwaiyenta a cikin jakar, tana jiran lokacin da ƙananan isopods ke tasowa daga ƙwai.
A halin yanzu ba a san tsawon lokacin da wannan tsari zai ɗauki ba. Abin sani kawai cewa sun fito ba tare da larvae ba, amma tare da cikakkiyar samarin isopods.
Giant isopods misali ne mai kyau na zurfafawar teku mai zurfi.
Tsarin waje na manya-manyan keɓaɓɓu
Da yake magana da harshen suturar kimiyya, manyan giwayen da ke zaune a jiki suna da jiki mara ƙarfi kamar jiki. Hanyar da jikin ya kasu kashi biyu, gabaɗaya, tsarin sa ya dace da shirin peracarid. Ana iya rarrabe alamun tagwan uku: roƙo, reon da kai. Shugaban yana hada da bangarorin kai biyu da kashi na farko na kirji (thorax) hade da kai. Raguna bakwai na nono suna hade a cikin gwal. Pleon cikakkiyar daidaituwa ne na ciki (ciki) kuma ya haɗa da ɓangarori shida, har da farantin tashar - telson. Carapax a cikin babbar isopod ba ya nan.
Giant Isopod Appendages
Shugaban manyan giranin isopod yana da abubuwan ci gaba na baka (maxillopods, maxillae, paragnates, mandibles da labrum). Kayan aiki na baka na nau'in prognathic (watau, an sa ido a gaba) kuma yana nufin nau'in cizon yatsa. A gaban, bude baki yana kewaye da labrum (lebe na sama), a baya ta paragnates, kuma a bangarorin ta mandibles. Mandible sune manyan kayan da za a magance abinci. Bayan haka, maxillules, maxilla, da maxilla suna tare da jiki.
Bayanin farko na keɓaɓɓen asalin wannan halittar ya yi ne a 1879 masanin ilimin dabbobi na Faransa Alfons Milne-Edwards.
Ganowa
Bayanin farko na wannan halittar ya fito ne a 1879 daga masanin ilimin dabbobi na Faransa Alfons Milne-Edwards. Kayan aiki don bayanin ɗan saurayi ne Bathinomus giganteusAlexander Agassis ya aiko masa, tare da sauran tarin can jigilar jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwan Blake a cikin Tekun Meksiko na 1877. Wannan kyakkyawar ganowa ce ga duka masana kimiyya da na jama'a, saboda a wancan lokacin ra'ayoyin teku ne marasa rai ko "asoy" a kwanan nan aka birkitar da aikin C. Thomson. Ba za a iya kama mata har sai 1891.
Daraja
Gizon isopods ba su da babbar fa'ida ga kamun kifin masana'antu saboda ƙarancin ƙananan masarufi, kuma hakanan saboda kasancewar ɓoyayyun oftenanfods yawancin lokaci ana lalata da masu satar abubuwa kafin a cire su zuwa farfajiya. Wakilan wannan HALITTAR suna kama da na katako, waɗanda suke da alaƙa. Yawancin samfurori da aka kama a bakin tekun Amurka da Japan ta amfani da tarkuna waɗanda ke da bututu a wasu lokutan ana iya ganin su a cikin hanyoyin ruwa na jama'a.
Bayanin
Giant isopods misali ne mai kyau na zurfafawar teku mai zurfi. Sun fi girma nesa ba kusa ba, waɗanda galibi basa wuce 5 cm a tsayi. Dabbobi Saunayen za a iya rarrabu cikin "giant", manya manya waɗanda yawanci ke girma daga 8 zuwa 15 cm tsayi, da kuma nau'in "super-giant", wanda manya ke iya girma daga 17 zuwa 50 cm. Daya daga cikin "Super Kattai" - B. giganteus Ya kai matsakaiciyar tsayi daga 19 zuwa 36 cm, kuma mafi girma daga cikin mutanen da aka kama sun kai tsawon cm cm kuma kilogiram 1.7.
A cikin bayyanar su, sun yi kama da danginsu na ƙasa - inji na itace. Jikinsu ya watsuwa a cikin shugabanci na ƙwanƙwasa kuma an rufe shi da ƙaƙƙarfan lemo mai lemun tsami, wanda ya ƙunshi sassan ɓoye. Kamar wasu woodlice, suna iya yin birgima cikin “ball”, don kawai a fallasa harsashi mai wuya. Wannan yana basu damar kare kansu daga masu hasara wadanda ke kokarin kai hari wani bangare mafi rauni. Bangaren farko na tafiyar hawainiya an hade shi da kan sa, mafi yawan bangarorin ma ana hada su da juna, suna samar da garken wutsiya a kusa da gajerar gajeruwar ciki (roƙa) Manyan idonta masu fuska marasa galihu sun haɗu da kusan 4,000 ommatidia kuma sunada kansu nesa da kai. Akwai nau'i biyu daga antennas. Chestafa kafaffun kirji kafafu ko katakara An tsara su a nau'i-nau'i, nau'i na farko wanda aka canza su zuwa muƙamuƙi, suna ɗaukar kama da ɗaukar abinci zuwa nau'i huɗu na jaws. Abdomain ya kasu kashi biyar pleonitiskowannensu yana ɗaukar ofa legsan kafa biyu na ciki - wayo, waɗannan antsun hannu an canza su zuwa ƙafafun ruwa da kuma ɗakunan ajiyar numfashi suna wasa da matsayin gills. A launi da isopods yawanci kodadde lilac ko launin ruwan kasa.
Habitat
Ana samun manyan isopods a ko'ina cikin Yammacin Tekun Atlantika daga Georgia (Amurka) zuwa Brazil, gami da Gulf of Mexico da Caribbean. Abubuwa shahararrun nau'ikan Atlanta sun haɗa da B. obtusus, B. miyarei da B. giganteus, na ƙarshen wanda aka rubuta kawai a bakin iyakar Amurka. Sauran nau'in Saunayen rayuwa musamman a yankin Indo-Pacific. A yanzu, ba wani nau'in halitta daya da aka sani da zai rayu a Gabashin Atlantika ko kuma gabashin yankuna na Tekun Pacific. Mafi girman nau'in nau'in (nau'in biyar) an lura da shi a gabashin Ostiraliya. Bayan haka, tunda har yanzu ba'a fahimci rarrabewar manyan isopods ba, akwai wasu yankuna na mazauninsu tare da sabon nau'in halittun da ba'a tantance su ba.
Lafiyar Qasa
Giant isopods sune mahimman lambobin zurfin teku a cikin alƙalumman al'umma. Yawancin lokaci ana iya samo su daga yanki mai duhu a cikin zurfin zurfin mita 170 zuwa cikin duhu mai rikitarwa na yanki mai pelagic a matakin 2140 mita, a yankin na matsi da ƙarancin zafi - har zuwa kusan 4 ° C. An ba da rahoton cewa wasu nau'ikan wannan dabi'ar suna rayuwa a zurfin zurfin, don haka B. miyarei yana rayuwa ne a zurfin tsakanin 22 zuwa 280 m, kadan karatu B. decemspinosus tsakanin 70 zuwa 80 m, kuma B. doederleini kawai a cikin zurfin 100 m. Babban rikodin zurfin zurfin isopods shine 2500 m na B. kensleyi, amma ana iya samun ɗayan ra'ayi iri ɗaya a zurfin 300 m. Sama da 80% B. giganteus an gano shi a zurfin 365 zuwa 730 m. A wa] annan wuraren da ake da “manya” da kuma “manya-manyan” jinsuna, tsoffin suna zaune ne a kan tsibirin ƙasa, kuma ƙarshen sashin musamman a yankin wanka. An yi imani da cewa sun fi son yumbu ko laka ƙasa kuma suna jagoranci rayuwa mai kaɗaita.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa wadannan isopods sune masu jan burki a dunkule, kuma galibi sune dabbobi kuma suna ciyar da kifayen kifi, kifi, da squid. Hakanan zasu iya zama mafarauta masu aiki da abin farauta a kan kuzari mai saurin tafiya kamar su kifin teku, soso, mai amfani da hasken rana, nematodes da sauran zoobenthos, kuma watakila ma kifaye masu rai. An san su da kai harin a cikin tarkunan. An dauki hoto game da yadda wata babbar haɗarin isopoda ke kai hare-hare tare da kashe babban dutsen quatran, wanda ya faɗa cikin tarko mai zurfi. Isopoda ya manne a fuskar dabba kuma ya ci shi gaba daya. An nuna wadannan hotunan a shekarar 2015 a daya daga cikin bangarorin mako-mako na Shark mai taken "Bakon Shark: Abokan Gaggawa". Tunda abinci yana cikin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin zurfin zurfafawa, dole ne manyan abubuwan haɗari suyi abin da ya kawo su, sun dace da tsawon azumin kuma zasu iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci ba har tsawon shekaru biyar. Lokacin da wani mahimmancin abinci ya bayyana, manyan giran sunadarai suna cin har har sun rasa motsi. A cikin binciken daya, an yi nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin narkewa 1,651. B. giganteus. An gano cewa mafi yawan lokuta ana cin kifin, to sai fafalopods da decapods crustaceans, kuma musamman Caridea da Galatheoidea .
Manyan gabobin isopods da aka tattara a gefen gabar gabashin Australia ta amfani da tarkuna sun nuna bambancin bambancin nau'in ya danganci zurfin. Mai zurfi, karami adadin nau'in halitta da kuma girma a jikinsu. Isopods da aka tattara a zurfafan zurfin bakin tekun Australia idan aka kwatanta su da samfuran da aka tattara a bakin tekun Mexico da Indiya. Daga burbushin abubuwa an san cewa Saunayen ya kasance sama da shekaru miliyan 160 da suka shude kafin rarrabuwar kawunan Pangea supercontinent, wanda hakan yasa a wancan lokacin a cikin dukkanin mazaunun biyun basu da cigaban rayuwa daban-daban, amma tun daga wannan, daidai da tsammanin masana kimiyya, Saunayen daga wurare daban-daban na wurare dabam dabam dole ne su bazu zuwa hanyoyin juyin halitta daban-daban kuma, saboda haka, ya kamata a lura da alamun rarrabuwar abubuwa. Koda yake, katunan dake zaman kansu daga dukkanin mazauna ukun sun zama kusan iri ɗaya a yanayin su (kodayake suna da isasshen bambance-bambance don bambance su kamar jinsuna daban). An bayyana wannan rarrabewar halittar rashin daidaituwa na yanayin halittun wadannan kwayoyin.
Kiwo
Nazarin yawan wadatattun lokutan matasa da manya B. giganteus an ba da damar gano cewa ganimar ayyukan haihuwa yana faruwa ne a cikin bazara da lokacin hunturu. Wannan lokacin na faruwa ne saboda karancin abinci a watannin bazara. A cikin balagaggun mace mai jima'i, budurwa ko marsupium. Ganuwar marsupium ana kafa ta sternites na sassan thoracic da hawa kan juna. osteogytes - lamellar outgrowths na farkon kashi a cikin thoracic crustacean. Matasan isopods da ke fitowa daga duniyar Marsupium suna kama da ƙaramin kwafi na manya kuma ana kiranta kayan ado. Abubuwan kayan ado suna da cikakkiyar haɓaka, amma sun rasa ƙafafun ƙarshe na ƙafa.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Babbar itace mafi girma a duniya suna rayuwa a zurfin daga mita 170 zuwa 2000. Babban zurfin kamo su shine mita 2140.
Waɗannan halittun sun gwammace su zauna akan ƙwallan silty ko yumɓu, kuma su guji kankara da fitowar dutse.
Iceanƙarar katako na katako suna daɗaɗɗa a hanyar rayuwarsu, kuma da wuya suna haɗuwa da juna don ma'aurata. Ba sa nuna ƙiyayya a fili ga nau'ikan nau'ikansu, amma kuma ba sa ɗauka tare.
Manyan ƙwayoyin cuta ana iya kiransu 'yan ɓoye na zurfin ƙasan teku: ainihin abincin su shine ragowar tsutsotsi, kifi, kifin kifi, crayfish, algae da kusan duk wasu abubuwan kwayoyin halitta. Idan itace katako don neman abinci masu yawo a jikin dabbobi masu jujjuyawa marasa ruwa - soso, dansandan, baƙi, ta ci su, ba tare da kunya ba. Wasu masana sunyi imani da cewa a cikin zurfin isopods mai zurfi na iya kama ko da ƙananan ƙananan kifin, mai tsayi.
Ganin matsanancin yanayin zurfin teku da kuma karamin abinci, ana iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da isopods don yajin yunwa. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin gwaji, waɗannan halittu sun sanya su cikin ragunan ruwa, ba tare da cutar da kansu ba, "sun yi azumi" na makonni 8.
Idan ƙirar itace ta zo, alal misali, mulkin mallaka na holothurians, to yana iya wuce gona da iri saboda ya kusan rasa ikon motsi.
Fasalulluka na haifuwa daga cikin ƙwararrun isopods
Manyan katako na haifar da guguwar bazara da damuna. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin watanni na lokacin rani adadin abinci a manyan zurfafa yana raguwa sosai.
Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, jikin mace-mace na da jakar brood na musamman akan ciki, wanda qwai ya fito daga oviduct, ana tsaitsa shi a can kuma daga baya ya ci gaba. Matasa woodlice suna barin jakar uwarsu kusan gaba ɗaya kuma sun bambanta da manya kawai girman.
Matasa mutane za su iya rayuwa daidai kamar manya.
Mace ba ta nuna wata damuwa game da farawa daga ƙwai. Don wani lokaci, larvae kawai zauna kusa da mahaifiyar, kuma idan an haife su a wani wuri mai wadatar abinci, za su iya yin kwanciya a kan shi kwanaki da yawa. Amma daga ƙuruciya sosai, an bar keɓaɓɓun zuwa kayan aikin nasu kuma suna jagorantar rayuwa gabaɗaya.
Tsarin ciki na katon isopod
A tsarinta na ciki, babbar hanyar da ke zaune a cikin jiki kusan ba ta bambanta da cutar kansa mafi girma. Takamaiman sifofin keɓaɓɓun sun haɗa da sinadarin ectodermal, zuciya mai juya baya, da tsokoki mai tsauri. Gaskiyar cewa zuciyar babbar katuwar warewa, kamar ta sauran isopods, an juyar da ita ta hanyar bayanin cewa, saboda rashi yanayin fitsari, ana juyar da aikin numfashi zuwa ga pleopods. Gut ɗin da ke tattare da babban gizon isopod shine keɓaɓɓen ectodermal kuma glandon hepatopancreatic ne kawai ke zama endodermal.
Me yasa suke girma?
Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba za su iya bayyanawa ba abin da manyan masu girma dabam na itace mai zurfi suke haɗuwa da su. Hyaya daga cikin hasashe ya bayyana cewa saboda ƙarancin abincin da ake adanawa a cikin zurfin zurfafawa, dabbobi a nan kan isa balaga da yawa, kuma kafin wannan lokacin sun sami damar girma zuwa girma mai girma.
A cewar wata ka'idar, girman jikin halittun teku, zai fi sauki a gare su su jure da karancin zafin jiki da kuma matsin lamba. Wannan yana da alaƙa da irin dabarar da dabbobin ƙasa suke yin girma yayin yankan ƙauyuka zuwa arewa - yana kusa da dogayen sanda an sami mafi yawan masu farauta, pinnipeds da wasu wakilan umarnin tsuntsaye.
Labarin burbushin babban biri
Kowane ɗayan crustaceans, suna da alaƙa da babbar hanyar isopod, ana samunsu a ƙarshen lokacin Triassic, lokacin da dangi Cirolanidae, wanda ya rayu har zuwa zamaninmu, ya wanzu. Wasu wakilan wakilai na gado da kuma ƙawance iri ɗaya suna Palaega suna kusanci da babbar hanyar isopod ta zamani.
Giant isopods sune mahimman lambobin zurfin teku a cikin alƙalumman al'umma.
Sauran manyan lice na itace
Don haka, a ce, babu “analogues” a cikin girman manyan keɓaɓɓun tsakanin gwauro na itace na gaskiya. Mafi yawancin nau'ikan katako na itace suna zaune a cikin wurare masu zafi kuma kawai a lokuta na musamman sun girma zuwa 4-5 cm a tsawon, amma girman su shine 1-2 cm.
Wannan shi ne wani bangare saboda gaskiyar cewa, kamar kowane ɓawon burodi, ƙamshin itace suna da matukar buƙatar danshi, kuma girman su zai haifar da haɗarin mutuwa daga rashin ruwa har a wurare masu laima sosai (mafi girman girman jiki, mafi girma yanki na fitar ruwa daga gare ta) . Kari akan haka, duk injunan itace abinci ne da ake so don dabbobi da yawa, kuma idan kananan wakilan wannan karamin yanki zasu iya boyewa karkashin duwatsun, to manyan zasu zama marasa kariya a gaban abokan gaba.
Mutumin da ba shi da ilimi zai iya rikitar da ƙarancin itace da milipedes daga dangin glomeris. Yayinda jikin woodlice ya kasu kashi 11, manyan na gaba sunada girman girma, glomeris suna da bangarori 12-13, wanda bangaren na baya, yayi kama da na scutellum, yafi girma.
Anan akwai wasu hotunan millipedes daga dangin Glomeris (kar a rikita su da lice itace!):
Abin ban sha'awa shine, mafi girma daga injunan itace na ainihi kuma sune nau'in marine. Misali, Ligia oceanica, tayi girma har zuwa 3 cm tsayi, kuma yana zaune a cikin yankuna mara zurfin Tekun Bahar Rum da Arewacin Atlantika. Ba kamar ƙwararrun unguluyoyi ba, Ligia oceanica ta fito ne daga magabatan ƙasa, sabili da haka ana iya kiranta da gaske inji ƙoshin itace.
Ya kamata a lura cewa babu katako - har ma mafi girma a duniya - da ke da ƙimar kasuwanci. Loverswararrun masoya suna gwada komai kuma suna cewa lice na ƙasa kamar ɗanɗano fitsari. A game da tushen sa, ƙwararren ungulu ɗanɗano ana iya ɗaukar shi mai ɗanɗano ne: abincinsu yana ɗanɗano kamar abincin lobster.
Koyaya, da aka ba da ɗanɗano da haɗari a cikin tarbar kamun kamun kifin, babu wanda ke ɗaukar nauyi a cikin hakar da kuma shirya ƙwararren giya.
Sannu daga Paleozoic
Daya daga cikin mafi fifita masana binciken burbushin halittu shine trilobite, tsohuwar dangi na crayfish na zamani. Tsawon mafi girma daga cikin samfuran da aka samo ya kai 80 cm, kuma a cikin bayyanar yana kama da kama da katako na itace, mazaunin keɓaɓɓun ɗakunan marassa shinge na ɗakunan rani. Shin ƙurar itace itace daga zuriyar asalin burbushin trilobite?
Kwari ko crayfish
Duk irin yadda woodlice zai iya kama da baranba, har yanzu suna cikin rukunin 'yan' crustaceans. Bambancin da aka gani tare da tsirara ido kamar haka:
- Lice itace basu da fuka-fukai, lokacinda suke kamar sauran kwari ana gabatar dasu a kalla a tsari,
- suna da ƙarin ƙafafu - goma sha huɗu. Dukkanin su, ya bambanta da kafafu na crayfish, suna da tsayi guda, saboda haka duka trilobites da lice itace ana kiranta isopods - isopods,
- woodlice numfasawa da kwaya, kodayake suna zaune a ƙasa. Saboda wannan, koyaushe suna buƙatar danshi. A cikin kwari, tsarin numfashi ya saba da rayuwa akan kasa,
- Shugaban woodlice daidai ya ratsa cikin kirji lokacin da, kamar yadda yake a cikin kwari, an ware shi daga jiki.
Nemo karni
Woodlice kyawawan dabbobi ne marasa dadi. Amma samun daskararren launin toka-mai launin ruwan kasa a ƙarƙashin raggaran rakumi ba mai ban tsoro bane kamar akwai tarin manyan kwayoyi a wurin. Yayi kyau da suka mutu tuntuni!
Koyaya, mutum ba zai iya shakatawa ba: ba haka ba da daɗewa, a ƙarshen karni na 19, wani dabba mai ruwa wacce ba ta sani da kimiyya ta kama da zurfi daga zurfin Tekun Mexico. A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na jirgin ruwa na kimiyya ya juya ya zama babban keɓon ɓoye (dabba mai kama da lice itace), mai iya cinye kifin wanda yafi shi girma. A shekara ta 2010, jama'ar Amurkawa sun sami samfurin samfurin samfurin Mowam, wanda ya kai girman giwayen trilobites - 75 cm!
Wannan ƙarancin katako na katako ba ƙaramin itace bane, kodayake yana kama da ita. Sabanin ƙasarsu da 'yan'uwa mata sun dace da yanayin ruwa, haqiqa tarko ne na zamani, wanda kakanninsa basu taba rayuwa a doron kasa ba. Daga baya, sauran binciken wannan dabbar sun bi, wanda ke nuna mazaunin su - Bahar Pacific da Indiyawan Tekun Indiya.
Babban, babbar ko gigantic
Ba a san abin da motsin rai ba ne wanda aka sadu da shi a kan bene. "Wannan babbar dodo!" ko "A'a, kawai babbar louse itace!" Zai ga alama take ta zama mai wahala sabon dabba ya rigaya ya shirya, amma m tunani kimiyya duk da haka wajabta sunan wani jinsin da ba a sani ba na zuriyar crustaceans Giganteus, giganteus, wanda ke nufin kawai "giant." Shin wannan adalci ne?
Da alama 'babbar' '' babbar 'ce' kuma ƙaton 'abu ɗaya ne, amma tare da bincika cikakkiyar ma'anar kalmomin waɗannan kalmomin, zaku iya kama bambanci a cikin girman da suke ambata.
- Na farko ya zo daga kalmar Slavic da ta gabata sosai "babba", wanda ke nufin nisan da za'a ji karar tsawar - mita 25. km Stididdigar masu sauƙin sauƙaƙe suna ba da yanki na babban “da'ira” na amincin - kimanin murabba'in kilomita dubu 2.
- Kalma ta biyu ta fito daga kalmar Slavic "al'umma", wanda a baya tana nufin babban taro ne na mutane, taro ne na karkara (aure. Ukrainian "giant" - "ɗan ƙasa"). Ko da kuwa tunanin taron wakilai na Duma na Jiha, ba makawa wannan kungiyar za ta mamaye yanki mai murabba'in mita dubu 2. km Saboda haka, “babba” ya fi kaɗan “babba”.
- Amma ga magana ta uku, zaɓaɓɓen maɓuɓɓiyar dodon-teku, yana nufin ƙaramar kaɗan. “Giant” asalinsa mutum ne mai mutuntaka, wanda yai fice a cikin al'umma irin nasa. Saboda haka, gaskiyane ne cewa dangi mai zurfi na almara na trilobites, wanda ya sha bamban sosai da ci gaba daga ƙananan bishiyoyin itace, an mai suna daidai giganteus, katon isopod.
Koyaya, ana amfani da itacen ɓoɓare mai ɗorewa, ƙamshin itace, kuma ana iya kiransa ɗaya daga cikin "manyan" sunayen. Mazaunan rigar shinge masu “girma” ne dangane da adadinsu. Kimiyyar zamani ta san kusan nau'ikan 3 500 na itace woodlice kawai, lokacin da adadin nau'ikan dukkan nau'ikan halittu (isopods) kusan dubu 10 ne.
Tsawon jikin mafi yawancin itace ba ya wuce 2 cm kuma yawancin nau'ikan jinsinsu suna zaune ne a doron ƙasa. Smallarami an hade girma tare da buƙatar ɓoye da kyau kuma ka yi amfani da rukunin gidaje masu kyau. Lice itace kuma suna da dangi na karkashin ruwa wadanda suka koma mazauninsu na asali kuma ana kiransu "lice itace lice". Girman waɗannan dabbobin sun ɗan girma kaɗan: ƙarancin itace na lingual yana tsiro zuwa 4 cm, kuma mafi girman "ƙuguwar itace" - kyankyaso na teku - har zuwa 10 cm.
Ta hanyar kauri daga ci gaban binciken kasa
Kasancewa dangi na trilobites, ƙoshin itace suna riƙe da tsarin jikinsu, daidaitawa mai ban mamaki har ma da wasu halaye.
A cikin gidajen rani za ku iya saduwa da wakilai masu ban sha'awa na waɗannan dabbobin, waɗanda suka san yadda ake buɗa - Oniscus cinereum. Lokacin da aka ɗora Kwatancen, suna kama da ƙwalƙwalwar ƙwalƙwalwa mai wahala kuma suna iya tsawan lokaci. Ana yin irin wannan dabarar ne ta hanyar su domin kare kai daga maƙiyan halitta ko don adana danshi a jiki a lokacin bushewa. Wata babbar ganowa a cikin binciken burbushin halittu shine ganowa a yankin Leningrad na burbushin halittar trilobite mai kama da yanayin "yanki" mai sihiri. Hakanan ya juya cewa lokacin faɗuwar rana na zamaninsu, kowane nau'in trilobites na iya tashi zuwa ƙwallo.
Tunda aka gani akai-akai a cikin farmaki kan rayayyun ganima, babban gizon mutum ne Bathinomus giganteus yafi ciyarwa a kan kaya. Guda canji iri daya sun kasance sun zama sanannen ga kakannin kakanninsu. Daga cikin burbushi da asalin abubuwan da ke cikin tsohon ruwan teku a Sweden, masana binciken burbushin halittu sun gano "farauta" na trilobite don dabba mai rarrafe, kodayake duk binciken da aka samu ya bayyana cewa Paleozoic isopod ya ciyar ne kawai akan kwayoyin halittun da suka mutu.
Barin trilobites rayu rayuwarku Paleozoic a cikin teku, tsohuwar itace itace ta zo ƙasa kimanin miliyan 250 da suka shude. Ba'a san yadda suka kalli lokacin ba, amma shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata suna da kama da girman zamani. Don kwatantawa: mutum mai hankali bai rayu duniya ba tsawon shekara miliyan.
Babban katon kadaici da mutum
Manyan isopods basu da darajar tattalin arziki. Kodayake ɗan dangi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ɓarna na lalata ɗaukacin albarkatun ƙasashe masu zafi da kamun kifi, wannan ba matsala ce da keɓaɓɓun isopods ba saboda zurfin da suke rayuwa ba shi da mahimmanci a cikin kamun kifin na teku.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.