Tsawon jikin Asiya chipmunk kamar santimita 15 ne, banda wutsiya shine 7-12 santimita, kuma babban taro yana daga gram 80 zuwa 100.
Dukda cewa chipmunks suna cikin kungiyar squirrel, wadannan dabbobin basuyi kama da juna ba.
Yatsun chipmunks sun fi guntu, yayin da kafafu biyu na baya suka fi gaban goshin. Bugu da kari, chipmunks sun fi siriri kuma ta hannu fiye da squirrels. A baya na chipmunk na Asiya akwai launuka biyar masu duhu, kuma launi na gaba ɗayan launuka masu launin ja ne, wannan launi halayen ne daban na waɗannan dabbobi.
Dabaru na Asiya Chipmunks
Wannan nau'in yana zaune a yankin Eurasia, sauran nau'in 25 kuma suna rayuwa ne kaɗai a Arewacin Amurka. Chipmunks sune mazaunan gandun daji gama gari.
Sun fi son yankin taiga; ana iya samunsu ta ko'ina a cikin taiga - daga gabas ta gabas zuwa ɓangaren Turai na Rasha. Wasu mutane sun shiga yankin Kamchatka, amma a nan ba su da yawa. Gidajen Asiya chipmunks suna da alaƙa da mazaunin itacen al'ul na dwarf da itacen al'ul.
Asalin Chipmunks na Asiya
Chipmunks suna matukar son kwayoyi, suna ba da fifiko ga tsaba na itacen al'ul. Kuma a cikin girma girma, suna ciyar da kore harbe, Tushen m, har ma kwari da gizo-gizo. Abincin waɗannan dabbobin ya ƙunshi tsaba na Koriya da Siberian itacen al'ul, ash ash, linden, maple, laima da tsire-tsire.
Bugu da kari, chipmunks din suna tattara alkama, buckwheat, hatsi, da namomin kaza.
Hakanan, chipmunks na Asiya na iya cin abincin kifin.
Abubuwan chipmunks na Asiya sune dabbobi da ke hana ruwa gudu.
A lokaci guda, yawan zafin jikinsu yana sauka da digiri da yawa, kuma duk matakan rayuwa suna raguwa, wannan koda ya shafi metabolism. Zafin jikin chipmunks a wannan lokacin yana raguwa da digiri 3-8, kuma yawan numfashi shine numfashi 2 na minti daya.
Stockungiyar chipmunks na tattarawa, tattarawa har kilo 5 na kayan cin itacen, tsaba da filayen hatsi. Suna fara adana abinci don hunturu daga watan Agusta. Antarancin kwandon na ƙasa na chipmunks sau da yawa suna samun squirrels, boars daji, sabulu, bears kuma lalata su.
Abubuwan chipmunks na Asiya suna gina burrows mai tsauri waɗanda suke da wahalar samu. Chipmunk yana ɗaukar ƙasa da aka haƙa daga ramuka, don ma'anar maski.
A cikin ramin akwai ɗakin kwana, bene mai shimfiɗa tare da ƙwanya, haka kuma kayan kwalliya. Bugu da kari, akwai gidajen hutawa.
Chipmunks suna zaune shi kaɗai, tare da kowane ɗayan yana da nasa makirci. A rami ɗaya, chipmunks biyu ba su iya yin hulɗa ba. Idan an sanya chipmunks a cikin keji, za su yi yaƙi koyaushe a tsakani. Tare da gazawar amfanin gona, chipmunks suna barin wuraren ciyarwa kuma suna neman sababbi.
Chipmunks suna da ingantaccen tsarin ƙararrawa na sauti. A lokacin haɗari, suna haifar da ɗayan tsini ko muryar monosyllabic. A lokacin kiwo, mace ta kan yi ihu “ƙugiya”.
Kiwo Asirin Chipmunks na Asiya
A ƙarshen Mayu, jarirai 3 zuwa 10 suna haihuwar mace. Ciki yakan wuce wata daya. Chipmunks suna nauyin gram 3-4, makafi ne kuma tsirara. A cikin 'yan kwanaki, gungun mawayoyi suna bayyana a bayanansu. Kuma a cikin watan rayuwa, idanu a buɗe.
Matasan chipmunks suna tare da mahaifiyarsu tsawon watanni 2. A cikin kaka, yawan jama'a matasa ne suka fi yawa a yawan jama'ar chipmunks. A cikin yanayin, chipmunks na Asiya suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 3-4, kuma a cikin zaman talala - tsawon shekaru 5-10.
Habitat
Chipmunks sune ainihin tushen Amurkawa, sabili da haka yana da sauƙi a fahimci kasancewar a cikin al'adun Amurkawa na majigin yara da fina-finai waɗanda a cikin waɗannan dabbobi manyan haruffa suke. Abubuwan hankula ne ga sararin Arewacin Amurka (inda akwai nau'ikan kwayoyi 25 daban-daban), da kuma Eurasia - raren. Haka kuma, idan kuna yawo a cikin gandun daji na Siberiya, to har yanzu akwai damar ganin yawancin kifayen Asiya, saboda sun mamaye wasu yankuna.
Don mafi yawan ɓangaren, chian chipmunks na Asiya sun mamaye gandun daji na yankin taiga. Suna ko'ina cikin tsibirin - daga ɓangaren Turai na ƙasar zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wasu ma suna samun kansu a Kamchatka, kodayake a cikin ƙananan lambobi.
Fahimtar inda chipmunks suka sauka abu ne mai sauqi a kan tsire-tsire. Wajibi ne a mai da hankali kan itacen al'ul da elfin.
Daraja ga mutum
Ana sauƙaƙe chipmunk kuma ana iya sa shi azaman dabbobi. Siberian chipmunk yana da ƙimar kasuwanci kaɗan (ana amfani da fata). A gabashin yankin, yana lalata amfanin alkama, haka kuma amfanin gona. Ita kamfani ce ta dabi'a na akalla cututtukan dabbobi masu ƙarancin cuta guda 8 (encephalitis, hat-fitsari, toxoplasmosis, da sauransu).
Waɗannan dabbobin gidan dabbobi marasa ma'ana ne a cikin kulawa da kulawa. Sun bambanta da sauran dabbobin gida saboda a kusan babu wari mara kyau daga gare su, kamar, misali, daga berayen diram ko hamsters. Wannan, tabbas, yana sauƙaƙe kulawa da su sosai. Ana amfani da su zuwa bauta da kyau da sauri kuma ba tare da jin zafi ba. Idan har yanzu kun yanke shawarar sanya kanku irin wannan dabbar, to yakamata ku kirkirar duk yanayin zama dole domin shi ya samu kwanciyar hankali da lafiya. Da farko kuna buƙatar siyan tantanin da ya dace. Chipmunks (gida) suna ƙaunar gudu, saboda haka suna buƙatar wani keji mai mahimmanci - kimanin 100 × 50 × 60 cm. Ya kamata ya zama ƙarfe kuma yana da sassan da yawa. Hakanan ana bada shawara don sanya keken hannu da gidan inda chipmunk zaiyi bacci. Tabbatar saka rassan da daskararren itace a cikin keji. Ana bada shawarar zuriyar dabbobi daga shad, amma kuma ana iya yin sa daga hay ko peat. Lokaci-lokaci, gidan yana buƙatar tsabtace shi daga hannun jari, kawai kada ku jefa komai a lokaci ɗaya, kamar yadda chipmunk zai iya yin fushi sosai.
Maɓallin abubuwan da ke cikin dabba
An ba da shawarar a saki chipmunk nan da nan daga cikin keji, da farko dabba ya kamata ta saba da shi, kuma bayan mako biyu za ka iya riga ya saba da shi don yin yawo a cikin gidan. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ambata kaɗan a sama, kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawa mai kulawa. Tun da dabbar tana aiki ne kawai a lokacin da rana, da daddare ba zai dame ku ba. Chipmunks ba sa hibernate a gida; kawai suna zama kasala kuma ba sa aiki sosai a lokacin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, dabbar za ta kasance a cikin wata hanya ba ta da damuwa ko firgita, saboda sakamakon hakan na iya zama m. Mun riga mun ambaci cewa chipmunk na Asiya da sauri yana saba wa mutum, yana fara ɗaukar abinci daga hannunsa daga lokaci, don haka idan kuna son ku gurɓata abincinku da sauri, yi amfani da abinci don wannan.
Aboutarin bayani game da mahimmanci
Dole ne a tuna cewa dabbar (chipmunk) ba ta son zafin zafi, a cikin daji kawai lokacin bazara, lokacin da take sanyi, tana iya jike rana. Sabili da haka, dole ne a ƙirƙiri wuraren duhu na musamman a cikin keji don dabbobi su iya ɓoye idan ana so. A cikin bazara, yana da kyawawa har ma a gida don samar da ƙwanƙwarar damar da za su yi kwanciya a rana. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a san cewa ɗaukar warin chipmunk a cikin wutsiya ba zai yuwu ba, tunda fata tana da bakin ciki, saboda haka wannan na iya haifar da rauni, wanda hakan zai haifar da yanke wutsiya. Kar ku manta cewa idan baku ba dabbar dabbar abinci, tare da taimakon wacce zata niƙa dansandansa, to za su iya girma daga baya har izuwa sandar ɗin har ma ta mutu.
Bayanan Chipmunks Masu Ban sha'awa
- Mazaunan Siberiya, waɗanda ke sauraron chipmunks, saboda wasu dalilai sunyi la'akari da waɗannan dabbobin suna ihu wani abu kamar "chipunkun" (kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, tsarin sauti na chipmunks yana da haɓaka sosai), kuma daga nan, a gaskiya, sunan ya tafi - chipmunk, wanda shine onomatopoeic sunan dabba.
- A bakin bakin chipmunk na Asiya, ana iya samun gram 80 na kwayoyi. Wato, suna da sauƙin ɗaukar kaya tare da su daidai da nauyinsu.
Darajar kasuwanci na wadannan dabbobi yanada kadan.
Lambar lamba
A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura da wani sashi wanda ya danganta da girman adadin waɗannan dabbobi. An jera su cikin Red Books:
- Yankin Nizhny Novgorod,
- Tatarstan
- Jamhuriyar Chuvashia.
Wadannan yankuna sune wakilcin yankin yamma na mazauninsu. Sabili da haka, a cikin wadannan yankuna, adadin chipmunks yana da iyaka. Dangane da haka, akwai buƙatar kulawa da yawan jama'a.
Koyaya, a wasu yankuna, kamun kifi na chipmunk yana da araha kuma mutane da yawa suna kamun kifi a wurin, musamman, ana amfani da fur ɗin wannan dabbar, wanda zai iya zama da amfani sosai. Wani lokaci yin kamun kifi na chipmunk na Asiya yana da mahimmanci a bayyane, tunda waɗannan dabbobin zasu iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga gonar hatsi da hatsi iri iri, da kuma yada cututtuka daban-daban. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne inda yawan jama'a ya kai babban girma, a cikin sassan gabashi na kewayon.
Da kuma abubuwan rayuwa
Chipmunks sune rodents waɗanda suke cikin dangin squirrel. Yawancin su suna zaune ne a Arewacin Amurka, kawai mahaɗan kawai Siberian ne ko Asiya, waɗanda ke zaune a China da Turai. Mafi yawan lokuta suna zaune ne a cikin gandun daji masu haske, a cikin daftan kasa ko a karkashin bishiyoyi, amma lokacin da suka ji hatsarin, zasu iya hawa itace. Chipmunk yana son kaɗaita, saboda haka a cikin bauta shi wajibi ne don samar da kowace dabba da keji. Asalin chipmunk na Asiya yana rayuwa, hoton wanda zaku iya gani a wannan labarin, a cikin daji kusan shekaru 3, kuma a cikin shekaru 5-6 a cikin bauta, amma akwai wasu lokutan da dabbar ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 10 tare da kulawa mai kyau da abinci mai dacewa. A cikin hunturu, yawanci suna hibernate, amma sun bambanta da sauran dabbobi saboda zasu iya farkawa, sake cika kayayyaki, sannan su sake komawa cikin barci.
Abincin Chipmunk
Wannan sandent ba shi da ma'anar abinci. Chipmunk a gida yana amfani da kusan dukkanin abubuwan hatsi. Tabbas, yawancin abin da suke son kwayoyi (ba za ku iya ba da almonds ba!), Cereals, fure-fure .. Kuma kuna iya ba shi samfuran kiwo: gida cuku da madara. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tuna cewa chipmunk na Asiya ba mai cin ganyayyaki gaba ɗaya bane, yana kuma buƙatar bayar da abincin dabbobi, alal misali, kwari ko larvae, amma zaku iya maye gurbinsu da ɗan ƙaramin nama. Zai ci ciyawar sabo, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, berries da kayan marmari tare da nishaɗi,' ya'yan itatuwa Citrus kawai bai kamata a ciyar da su sau da yawa ba. Ba za ku iya ba da ƙwayar chipmunk ba, tunda ƙasusuwansu sun ƙunshi irin wannan abu mai haɗari ga dabba.
Fresh ruwa ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance a cikin keji. Dabba na iya jefa kwano, don haka an ba da shawarar shigar da kwanon sha, ko kuma kaɗan. Chipmunk yana buƙatar saka ɗan alli don ya ɗanɗana shi, ya niƙe incisors. Af, yanzu zaku iya siyan abinci na bushewa na musamman a kusan kowane kantin sayar da dabbobi kuma ku canza shi da abinci na yau da kullun, wanda ya bambanta abincin dabbobi.
Kammalawa
An yi maganin chipmunk na Asiya (ko Siberian) ba da daɗewa ba, don haka ya kamata ku kula da cizonsa. Ko da an riga an yi amfani da dabbar don mai shi, har yanzu yana iya cizo, wanda, yarda da ni, ba shi da daɗi. Idan har yanzu kun yanke shawarar yin kanku irin wannan dabbobin, to, a hankali ku bi duk bayanan da ke sama. Idan aka tanadar wa dabbar da ingantaccen abinci da ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa, zai daɗe kuma zai faranta maka da iyalanka.
Umarni - Rodents / Suborder - Harkokin / Iyali - Dankali
Asianan Asiya ko Siberian chipmunk (Latin Tamias sibiricus) ɗan dabbobin dabba ne na chipmunk na dangin squirrel. Iyakar nau'in chipmunks da ke zaune a Eurasia (sauran ana samun su a Arewacin Amurka). An ware shi sau da yawa a cikin daban jinsin - Eutamias.
Harshen chipmunk na Siberiya ya bazu a yankin taiga na Eurasia: daga arewa maso gabas na Turai ta Rasha zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya (ban da Kamchatka), Mongolia ta Arewa, Sakhalin da Hokkaido. Yana da yawa musamman a cikin itacen cedar-deciduous gandun daji na Primorsky Territory, inda 200-300 chipmunks na iya rayuwa akan 1 km2 cikin shekaru masu dacewa.
Chipmunk ƙarami ne (karami fiye da na mutum ɗaya), dabba mai santsi tare da tsotsewar jiki da dogon wutsiya mai sheki. Tsayin tsayin jiki 12-17 cm, wutsiya 7-12 cm, nauyi 80-111 g. Gashinan jiki sun fi gajeru biyu, kafafu biyu sun fi gaban gaba. Soles din an rufe shi da gashi.
Canza launuka: a bango na baya da launin toka-toka ko launin ruwan hoda sune launuka 5 masu launin baki mai tsayi daga haske. A ciki ne ya fi kyau. Wutsiya tana da launin toka da ke ƙasa kuma taushi a ƙasa. Abun gyaran gashi gajere ne, tare da kashin baya sosai, launin ba ya canza kullun. Chipmunk yana saƙa sau ɗaya a shekara, a cikin Yuli-Satumba. Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, ɗan ƙarami, ba tare da gogewa ba. Akwai wadatattun alamun kunci.
Lokacin kiwo chipmunk ya faɗi a watan Afrilu - Mayu, bayan farkawa daga yanayin rashin himma. An haifi Cubs a ƙarshen Mayu - Yuni bayan haihuwar kwana 30. Theauran isan yakai 3-4 g, an haife su tsirara kuma makaho. Bayan fewan kwanaki, baƙin duhu ya bayyana a bansu. Idanu a bude na tsawon kwanaki 31. Sun zauna tare da mahaifiyarsu har tsawon watanni 2. Tsammani na rayuwa shine shekaru 2-3 a yanayi, a cikin bauta - 5-10 shekaru.
Yana ciyarwa a kan tsaba, namomin kaza da berries. Sau da yawa cin abinci m sassa na tsire-tsire, kwari, katantanwa.
Yana da aiki galibi a safiya da maraice, amma kuma da rana, yana kiyaye mafi yawan lokuta a ƙasa, a cikin tashin iska, tarin tarin duwatsu, dukda cewa yana hawa bishiyoyi daidai. Mutumin da yawanci ba ya jin tsoro, kuma idan ya ciyar da chipmunk, ba da daɗewa ba zai zama cikakke gabaɗaya.
Chipmunks suna haƙa ramuka. Ramin chipmunk koyaushe yana kan bushewar hillock, sau da yawa a wasu irin tsari: ƙarƙashin tushen, a cikin kankara ko a daji. Daga ƙofar, yana wucewa gaba ɗaya, sannan sau 2-3 yana juyawa zuwa gefe kuma yana ƙare tare da kyamara tare da gida mai sifa. A cikin burrows, inda dabbobi ke ɓoyewa da zuriyar zuriya, har yanzu akwai dakuna na 1-2 tare da ajiyar abinci da fizge 1-3 (gajeriyar matattun) - gidajen wanka. Burrow yana da tsayi 0.6-4, ɗakuna masu nunin 20-35 cm suna a zurfin 40-150 cm. A lokacin bazara, wani lokacin suna zaune a cikin rami. Chipmunks ba su tsoron motsa daruruwan mita daga ramukarsu.
Suna hibernate don hunturu, amma sau da yawa suna farkawa don cin abinci daga hannun jari da aka yi a cikin kaka (har zuwa 10 kg). Harkokin hunturu na hunturu yana daga farkon Oktoba zuwa Afrilu.
Alarmararrawa ta chipmunk babbar mai fashewa ce, kafin daga baya wani lokaci ake jin sautin gurgu mai laushi. Mazauna yankin sun yi imanin cewa chipmunks sun fi yin ihu don canjin yanayi. Amma yawanci ana jin kukansu na firgici ko da a bayyane ba tare da su cewa batun ruwan sama ba ne - girgije yana rufe rana, kuma ba zato ba tsammani duhu.
Ba a lura da canji mai tsawo na yawan chipmunk ba. Yawancin mafarauta da mazauna ƙauyukan taiga sun ba da rahoton cewa ba su lura da canje-canje a yawan adadin kumburi a cikin shekaru ba. Misali, a garin Yakutia, adadin chipmunks a yankuna daban-daban ya kasance iri daya ne tsawon shekaru (daga 4 zuwa 5.3 dabbobi a kowace kilomita 10 na hanyar).
Siberian chipmunk da mutum
Siberian chipmunk yana da ƙananan darajar darajar kasuwanci (ana amfani da fata). A gabashin yankin, yana lalata amfanin alkama, haka kuma amfanin gona. Ita kamfani ce ta dabi'a na akalla cututtukan dabbobi masu ƙarancin cuta guda 8 (encephalitis, hat-fitsari, toxoplasmosis, da sauransu).
Chipmunk yana da sauƙi a tamed kuma za'a iya kiyaye shi azaman dabbobi.
) An mafi yawancin lokuta a cikin keɓaɓɓen halittar - Eutamias .
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Bayyanar
Chipmunk ƙarami ne (karami fiye da na talakawa), dabba mai santsi tare da jikin mutum mai ruɓi. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 12 - 17 cm, wutsiya ta zama 7-12 cm, nauyin yana 80-130 g. bsan guntun kafaffun sun fi ga squirrels, kafafun hular sun fi gaban girma. Soles din an rufe shi da gashi.
Canza launuka: a bango na baya da launin toka-toka ko launin ruwan hoda sune launuka 5 masu launin baki mai tsayi daga haske. A ciki ne ya fi kyau. Kayan launin toka a sama, tsatsa a ƙasa. Abun gyaran gashi gajere ne, tare da kashin baya sosai, launin ba ya canza kullun. Chipmunk yana saƙa sau ɗaya a shekara, a cikin Yuli-Satumba. Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, ɗan ƙarami, ba tare da gogewa ba. Akwai wadatattun alamun kunci.
Yaɗa
Yankin chipmunk na Asiya ya yadu a yankin Taiga na Eurasia: daga arewa maso gabas na Turai ta Rasha zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya (gami da yankin Magadan), Mongolia ta Arewa, tsibirin Sakhalin da Hokkaido. Ana samo shi a tsibirin Kuril na Kudu, a cikin tsaunin yanki na gabashin Kazakhstan yankin. A cikin kwari na Anadyr, kewayon ya wuce zuwa yankin tundra. Yana nufin nau'in watsawa kansa, da nasara. Har zuwa shekaru 70-80. Rashin karni na XX ba ya nan a cikin Kamchatka, an fara rubuta shi kai tsaye a kan sashin teku a cikin kwarin kogin Palana da Elovka a cikin 1983, a arewacin yankin Kamchatka Territory yana zaune koyaushe cikin kwarin kwarin Vyvenka, Apuk da Penzhina, duk da haka, shi ma wannan ba wuya ba ne. Zuwa shekarar 2007, Munkafa filin zama na Kenozero. A cikin arewacin yankin Turai na Rasha, chipmunk gaba ɗaya yana komawa yamma. An riga an lura da kewayenta da ke cikin yankin yammacin yammacin yankin Moscow a gundumar Lake. Jin zurfi kuma kusa da Porech. Dangane da sakamakon binciken kwayoyin halittar mutum da makamantansu na waje, Chipmunks kusa da Moscow sune mafi kusa ga wadanda ke gabar teku. Dangane da wannan, masanan kimiyya suka yi zaton cewa chipmunks da aka kama a cikin Primorsky Territory aka ba da izini cikin daji a nan.
A cikin Arewa maso Gabas na Rasha, ana ci gaba da kewayon Siberian chipmunk ta hanyar tallafinsa - Yakut chipmunk Tamias sibiricus jacutensis Ognev, wanda ya ratsa ta kwarin Parapol zuwa Kamchatka Peninsula a cikin 1980s.
Chipmunk yana da yawa musamman a cikin dazuzzukan-katako mai karko na Primorsky Krai, inda 200-300 chipmunks zasu iya rayuwa a 1 km² cikin shekaru masu dacewa.
Heraldry
Dabba da ba kasafai ake samu ba don Heraldry, wanda a ciki dangane da halayensa na gani da alamu a hakika basuda bambanci da kuzari. Dukansu suna da halayen kasancewa tare da babban wutsiya mai girma da kuma ƙananan gaɓoɓin goshi. Wani takamaiman fasali na wannan adadi shi ne madaurin tsinkaye na baya, wanda aka saba nunawa da baki. Daga cikin abubuwan da ke wakiltar yanki na Sverdlovsk, ana samun chipmunk a cikin wasu yankuna biyu makwabta. Hoton da aka yi a cikin gundumar Krasnoturinsk an nuna “ragon gwal mai ɗauke da wutsiya mai wutsiya” a matsayin alamar wasalin don sunan kansa 'yan asalin asalin. “Kyautar chipmunk wacce ke da idanu baki da ratsi a bayan ta wacce ta tashi daga bakin alkyabba” a cikin sutturar kwafin Volchansky mai alfarma alama ce da ke nuna kwarjinin gandun daji da ke kewaye da garin, da hankali da kuma kwarewar mazauna karkara.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin Chipmunk shine ƙwayayen bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa da ciyayi, ganye, tsirrai, 'ya'yan itace da thean itace, ofan itacen wasu bishiyoyi da kuma ɗan kwari. A wasu wurare, a Siberiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, chipmunks suna cutar da amfanin gona na hatsi.
Wani chipmunk yana zaune a cikin ramuka wanda ya haƙa kansa, yana ɓoye ƙofar shiga daga tushen itacen ko a ƙarƙashin gangar jikin bishiyar da ya faɗi. Ramin ba shi da zurfi kuma, ban da babban nassi da fewan rashi mara lalacewa, yana da ɗakin hurawar gida da kankara. A cikin ɗakin fata mai shimfiɗa fili na ciyawa tare da ciyawa da ganyayyaki. Wani lokacin ma chipmunk kuma yana shirya gida a cikin rami. Ya ciyar da hunturu a cikin rashin walwala, a cikin nutsuwarsa da kwanciyar hankali.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Dangane da dan adam, chipmunks ba shi da lahani, tunda lalacewar da suke yi a wasu wuraren ga amfanin gona ƙalilan ne kuma anfaninta ne da mutum ya samu daga farautar wannan dabbar.
Yawon shakatawa na hoto na chipmunks a Kazakhstan.
"Lokaci yana zuwa da ɗan adam zai zama ɗan adam ga kowane halitta mai numfashi"
Hotunan wani jirgin chipmunk na Asiya a Kazakhstan.
Asirin Chipmunk na Asiya.
An rarraba Chipmunk kusan ko'ina, a cikin gandun daji iri-iri, kodayake ya zama mafi kyawu ga shi shuka tare da itacen al'ul (aƙalla lokacin girkin walnut).
Ya tashi a cikin tsaunuka zuwa ƙarshen iyakar daji, wato, daga mita 1800 sama da matakin teku a arewacin yankin zuwa mita 2200 - 2250 sama da matakin teku a kudu. Wani lokacin yakan wuce kadan daga gandun daji - ana iya lura da wannan sau da yawa a kusa da filayen tare da amfanin gona ko a tsaunuka, tsakanin tsintsayen bishiyoyi.
Ya fi son gandun daji da ba a kula da su tare da yalwar windfalls, masu ajiye dutse - a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe mafi kyawun yanayin kariya, ƙarin mafaka na ɗabi'a don manyan gida ko mafaka daga masu farauta Yawan jama'a a yawancin takaddun, har ma a yanayi da shekaru, sun bambanta sosai - daga 2 - 3 zuwa 100 - 150, wani lokacin ma mafi yawan mutane a 1 sq Km. km
Mafarkin chipmunk na Asiya
Chipmunks suna ciyar da hunturu a cikin minks da sauran mafaka. Barcinsu bai yi zurfi kamar na masu tafiye-tafiye ba, alal misali. A lokacin thaws, wanda ba kasafai ake samu ba a cikin Altai, wani lokacin sukan farka, su bar mafaka, kuma su ciyar daga hannun jari.
Fiye da sau ɗaya dole ne in gan su a tsakiyar hunturu, a cikin yanayin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara mai zafi - sabanin furucin G. D. Dulkeit cewa ". babu chipmunks a dusar ƙanƙara a cikin waɗannan wurare (a cikin Altai) a cikin hunturu ”(1964, p. 122). Mene ne dalilin halayensu na yanayin-zafin-rana, yana da wuya a faɗi, wataƙila, tare da dumamar yanayi da aka lura a nan cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, tare da rashin abinci, damuwa daga masu cin abincin?
"Yanayin shekarar" chipmunk na Asiya.
A cikin arewa-gabas na Altai, dabbobi suna yin hibernate a cikin Oktoba, a cikin kaka mai zafi - a farkon Nuwamba. Suna fitowa a cikin bazara mafi yawan lokuta a farkon rabin Maris, lokaci-lokaci a cikin shekaru goma na farkon wannan watan. Mafarin shinge na Chipmunks yawanci suna a cikin ƙasa. Waɗannan ramuka ne, ɓarna a tsakanin duwatsu da kuma a cikin tushen bishiyoyi, a dunƙule cikin duwatsu, ƙasa da yawa suna yin sheƙunansu cikin ramuka na bishiyoyin iska.
Artasassun ƙurar ƙasa yawancin lokaci sune marasa ƙarfi - daga 0, 5 zuwa 1, 0 m Ana sanya su a ƙarƙashin tushen ko kusa da su, wanda har zuwa wani abu yana kare masu mallakar su daga beyar, suna da sha'awar zaɓaɓɓun, kwayoyi masu tsabta, waɗanda chipmunks ke girbi don hunturu. A cikin rami galibi akwai dakuna guda biyu - gida da adon hannun jari. Halin shiga na hunturu yana rufe tare da toshe mahaɗin.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan barin ramin, alamuran sun fara tsere, a lokacin da maza sukan yi faɗan yaƙi. A lokaci guda, suna da yardar da za su iya yin ado, wanda shine abin da mafarautan suka saba yi. An haife matasa a cikin ƙarshen Mayu - farkon Yuni. Tsawancin ciki shine kwanaki 28-30. An yi imanin cewa mace yayin shekarar tana kawo zuriyar dabbobi a ciki daga ciki zuwa 2aya 2 zuwa 10. Da kaka, matasa suka kai girman manya kuma suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Karin kwari na Asiya chipmunk.
A cikin akwatunan su, kayayyakin chipmunks suna kan irin abincin da suke ciyar dasu lokacin bazara. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan sune ƙwayoyin coniferous, da farko itacen al'ul, inda yake. Kayan gyada na iya kaiwa 5 - 6 kilogiram.
Inda babu katakan itacen al'ul, dabbobin suna adana tsaba na fir, larch, spruce, Birch, buds na bishiyoyi daban-daban da shukoki, 'ya'yan wasu ganye, berries. Idan akwai filaye tare da amfanin gona na hatsi a nan kusa, to, a shirye suke su ciyar da su kuma su tattara alkama, gyada, hatsi, hatsin rai, da ƙari, suna cin kwari iri-iri, lokaci-lokaci da masu shayarwa. Daga jerin da ke sama ya bayyana sarai cewa chipmunks suna amfani da babban tsarin ciyarwa.
A cikin minks suna ɗaukar su cikin kayan kunci. Ba a lura da ƙaura mai yawa a cikin Altai ba, kodayake a wasu lokuta ana lura da ƙananan ƙaura a cikin tsayin daka da yawan dabbobi da ke halartar su. Wataƙila an haɗa su da sake fasalin matasa, kamar yadda G. D. Dulkate (1964) ya yi imani, kuma mai yiwuwa tare da rarraba rarar amfanin gonar walnut a cikin gandun daji na Pine. Kwayoyin Cedar abinci ne da aka fi so daga waɗannan dabbobi.
Abokan gabaChipmunk
Ba a yi nazarin cututtukan Chipmunks a Altai ba. Karamin dabba yana da abokan gaba da yawa. Wannan shine mafi yawa daga karnukan farawa - shaho, da mujiya - ƙanana da ƙarama, kusan dabbobi masu tsinkaye - daga beyar har zuwa kuskure. A ƙarshen kaka, sau da yawa tuni bayan an binne chipmunks, bears suna yin lalata da yawa a cikin adadi da yawa.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa a cikin shekarun girbi an girke mashigan itacen al'ul a ko’ina a cikin gandun itacen al'ul, yana ɗaukar taurin kai, a ci gaba da bincika, a mafi yawancin lokuta kuma a samu nasarar kwace hannun jari na chipmunks. A bayyane, tarawa tsintsiya, zaɓaɓɓen goro daga kayan kwalliyar dabba tare da muƙamuƙi gaba ɗaya ya fi jan hankali da ɗaukar shi da harshe mai ƙarfi daga mazuruƙi, mai ƙarfi.
Haɗa minks, bears sau da yawa cizo ta lokacin farin ciki wadanda, har zuwa 12 - 15 cm a diamita, Tushen, sama sama nauyi duwatsu. Bear rami a wasu lokuta har zuwa zurfin 80 - 100 cm, wasu lokuta suma gabaɗaya ne har zuwa 7 - 8 m tsawo da 50 - 60 cm zurfi A cikin wuraren da akwai tarin giram da bera, 10-15 , har ma da ƙarin ramuka buɗe.
A wannan yanayin, bears wani lokacin sukan ci maigidan, idan bashi da lokacin tserewa cikin lokaci. Hipungiyoyin chipmun da suka rayu bayan ziyarar “uban taiga” a lokacin bazara, a lokacin yunwar, lokacin da akwai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin taiga, suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen neman abinci. Bugu da kari, da sannu lokacin rutting ya zo, lokacin da dole ne ku ciyar da makamashi da yawa. Sau da yawa, dabbobi sukan mutu a irin waɗannan lokuta daga gajiya. Lokacin da goro ba ya tsiro, Bears ba su da sha'awar hannun jari na chipmunks.
Kifi na kamun kifiChipmunk
A cikin karni na karshe, kusan har zuwa ƙarshen 80s, kullun ana ba da fatarar fata ta chipmunk zuwa hannun jari Duk da ƙananan ƙarancin (ƙarancin kopecks) ne kawai, yawancin mazauna karkara suna cikin hakar waɗannan dabbobin. Haka kuma, manyan mahalarta kamun kifi a mafi yawan lokuta yara ne, harma da mata. Musamman ma dabbobin da yawa sun kama a cikin bazara, lokacin tafiya, lokacin da maza ke tafiya cikin kayan ado. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an yi amfani da hanyoyin farauta mara amfani - madaukai akan sanduna na bakin ciki (yawanci sanduna), slingshots, bakuna.
Yawancin fãtun, mafi yawan 278 dubu (1935), an saya su a cikin rabi na biyu na 30s. karni na karshe. Bayan haka, kayan aikin a hankali amma a hankali suka ragu daga ƙarshen 80s. sun tsaya. Don haka, har zuwa yau, chipmunk ya rasa matsayin nau'in jinsin kasuwanci.
Lalacewa dagaChipmunk
Hipungiyoyin chipmunks waɗanda suka zauna kusa da filayen tare da amfanin gona na hatsi ko a kusa da gandun daji na haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar cin abinci, fitar da hatsi, lalata seedlingsan itace. Rufaffen kwayayen itacen, chipmunk, tare da wasu dabbobi da tsuntsayen taiga, suna kara kwarin amfanin gonar. Haka kuma an san cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna dako daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan tularemia da encephalitis mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Asalin chipmunk karamin squirrels.
Chipmunk ƙarami ne, kusan rabin ƙasa mai sihiri, nimble, dabba mai taguwa. Tsawon Jikin 130 - 160 mm, bakin wutsiya - 80 - 100 mm. Weight 60 - 100 g, a matsakaita na 83. Kunnuwa sun kasance gajere, zagaye, gashi ba gajera ba, janar na fari shine launin shuɗi-ja.
A gefen baya, ana ɗaukar kan gaba a gaba, akwai abubuwa masu haske guda biyar, kusan rabe rabe da rabuwa da filayen fili mai haske-rawaya-rawaya. Abubuwan baƙi masu baƙar fata suna ba wa dabbar kyakkyawar fuska. Dangane da abin da ya faru ga irin abin da ya canza launin rigar dabba, tun yana yaro ya karanta labarin da wasu mutanen arewacin ke yi. Zan sake sayar da shi.
Labarin canza launiChipmunk
Chipmunk da bera sun kasance masu ƙaunar juna, koyaushe suna raba kowane ganima. A wani lokaci, beyar ko dai ya zama kamar, ko kuma a zahiri chipmunk yayi kokarin yaudararsa, amma kawai yana da fushi sosai. Chipmunk ya fahimci cewa abubuwa na iya ƙarewa da kyau, kuma sun buge da gudu. Misha ta kama shi da faɗin mashin, amma ya tsere, a bayansa akwai alamomi na haƙarƙari 5.
Kayan aiki game daAsian chipmunk ne kadan.
A cikin yaren Rasha, dabbar tana da suna ɗaya - chipmunk, Altai suna kiranta koruk. Akwai karancin kayan littattafai kan ilimin halitta na wannan nau'in a yankin. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan labarai ne na P. B. Jurgenson da G. D. Dulkeit, waɗanda suka gudanar da lura a cikin Altai Reserve.
Ana ba da wasu bayanai a cikin littattafan B. S. Yudin et al. Mafi yawan duk a cikin Kudancin Yammacin Siberiya V.I. Telegin ya kasance yana cikin aikin chipmunk. An shirya wannan rubutun ne bisa jigon litattafan da aka jera, abubuwan lura da marubucin, kayan kayan tarihi, da kuma binciken mazaunan karkara.
Asalin chipmunk na Asiya baya tsoron mutum.
Lokacin ziyartar ɗakunann tatsuniya na Altai da yawa, galibi daga dabbobi masu shayarwa zaka iya ganin daidai chipmunk (a wasu wurare ma pika). Dabba mai aiki, mai son sha'awa, mara tsoro, “mai zane” mai haske, idan ka nuna hali a hankali, da ladabi, kuma ba sa motsi kwatsam, zai iya zuwa ga kasuwancin sa sosai kusa da mutum. Zai yi gudu cikin sauri, yana duban bangarori daban-daban don neman abinci, hawa - yawanci low - akan bishiyoyi. Idan akwai abinci, alal misali, goro, ya suturta jikunansu a ciki ya gudu tare da shi cikin rami.
HawayeChipmunk - ƙararrawa? Kamar pikas, chipmunks suna ba da kararrawa lokacin da suke cikin haɗari - sautin kara, mai kaifi ko karaya, wanda sau da yawa ana jin sa a cikin ƙasa. Bugu da kari, suna da wata siginar sauti, gaba daya sabanin kumburi - wani abu kamar “gurgling”.
Asalin chipmunk harbinger na ruwan sama.
Mazauna yankin sun yi imanin cewa irin wannan “kukan” chipmunk alama ce ta ruwan sama ko kuma matsalolin yanayi. Wasu masu binciken sunyi rubutu game da wannan fasalin na yanayin chipmunks. Abun lura na dogon lokaci shima yana nuna cewa a mafi yawan lokuta, kodayake ba koyaushe bane, bayan irin waɗannan alamun chipmunk za a sami hazo ko wani mummunan yanayi.
wani irin nazarin "mai ƙima" ... kamar dai cikin sauri wani wuri
Chipmunks masu ban sha'awa
• Sunan "chipmunk" shine onomatopoeic, ya fito ne daga Tatar "chipunbu-ryu-burun", mazauna Siberia sunyi imanin cewa yadda chipmunks ke ihu kafin ruwan sama,
• Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya ɗaukar ajiyar kaya a cheeks, a lokaci guda a cikin bakinsu har zuwa 80 gram na kwayayen itacen pine ana sanya su.
Wannan chipmunk yana da ƙananan darajar kamun kifi.
Mahimmancin Chipmunks na Asiya don .an Adam
Abubuwan chipmunks na Asiya suna da mahimmancin kasuwanci. Mutane suna amfani da fatansu.
A gabashin yankin, chipmunks na iya cutar amfanin gona da hatsi kuma ku ci amfanin gonar. Chipmunks sune jigilar cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka akalla 8, alal misali, toxoplasmosis da encephalitis masu ɗaukar nauyi.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
An cire shi daga Chipmunk na Asiya
Pierre, tunda bacewarsa daga gida, ya riga ya rayu rana ta biyu a cikin gidan maraya na marigayi Bazdeev. Ga yadda abin ya faru.
Bayan farkawa a washegari bayan dawowarsa Moscow da kuma haduwa da Count Rastopchin, Pierre na dogon lokaci ya kasa fahimtar inda yake da abin da suke so daga gare shi. Yaushe, a tsakanin sunayen wasu mutanen da ke jiran sa a liyafar, suka sanar da shi cewa Bafaransanin yana jiran sa, tun da ya kawo wata takarda daga Countess Elena Vasilievna, kwatsam sai ya ga cewa wannan rudani da rashin bege wanda ya iya takawa. Ba zato ba tsammani a gare shi cewa komai yanzu ya ƙare, komai ya hade, komai ya lalace, babu gaskiya ko laifi, babu abin da zai sa gaba kuma babu wata hanyar fita daga wannan halin. Ya yi murmushi ba da izini ba, kuma ya taɓo wani abu, sannan ya zauna a kan gado mai matasai a cikin matsanancin matsayi, sannan ya tashi, ya hau ƙofar ya duba ɗakin a cikin ɗakin maraba, sannan, yana ɗaukar makamansa, ya dawo, sai na ɗauki littafin. Butler wani lokaci ya zo don ba da rahoto ga Pierre cewa Bafaransheen, wanda ya kawo wasiƙar daga ƙididdigar, yana da yardar ganin shi ko da na ɗan lokaci, kuma sun fito daga gwauruwa na I.A. Bazdeev don ɗaukar littattafan, tunda Misis Bazdeeva kanta ta tafi ƙauyen.
"Ah, haka ne, yanzu, jira ... Ko a'a ... a'a, je ka gaya mani ina zuwa," in ji Pierre ga mashawarcin.
Amma da zarar mai shayarwar ya fito, Pierre ya ɗauki hula da ke kwance a kan tebur kuma ya fita ƙofar baya daga binciken.Babu kowa a cikin gidan. Pierre ya yi cikakken tsayin katangar zuwa ga matakalar kuma, yana baƙin ciki da shafa goshinsa da hannayensa biyu, ya gangara zuwa farkon dandamali. Mai tsaron ƙofar ya tsaya a ƙofar gaban. Daga dandamalin da Pierre ya sauko, wani matakalar hawa ya jagoranci baya. Pierre ya bi ta suka fita zuwa farfajiyar. Babu wanda ya gan shi. Amma a kan titi, da zaran ya fita ƙofar, kocin, wanda ke tsaye tare da masu ba da izini, da mai tsaron gidan ya ga maigidan kuma ya cire ƙugiyoyi. Da yake jin idanunsa masu sanyin hankali, Pierre ya yi kamar toka, wanda ya ɓoye kansa a cikin daji don kada a gan shi, ya runtse kansa kuma, yana ɗaukar mataki, ya gangara kan titi.
A cikin dukkan shari'oin kafin Pierre wannan safiyar yau, watsar da litattafai da takardu da Joseph Alekseevich ya zame shi mafi mahimmanci.
Ya dauki karamar motar ta farko da ta zo wurin sa, ya umurce shi da ya tafi rijiyoyin sarki, a nan gidan matar Bazdeev.
Pierre, koyaushe yana duban dukkanin kekunan motsi suna barin Moscow kuma suna murmurewa tare da jikin mai mai don kar a tsinke tsohuwar rawar jiki, Pierre, yana jin farin ciki mai kama da na saurayin da ya tsere daga makaranta, ya yi magana da cabman.
Kabarin ya gaya masa cewa a yau an kebe makaman a cikin Kremlin, kuma a gobe ne za a harba mutanen gobe don Tashar Tudun Uku, kuma za a yi babban fada.
Da ya iso kan rijistar sarki, Pierre ya iske gidan Bazdeev, wanda ya dade ba ya shiga. Ya tafi ƙofar. Gerasim, tsohon dattijon da yake sanye da bak'in ciki wanda Pierre ya gani shekaru biyar da suka gabata a Torzhok tare da Joseph Alekseevich, ya zo ne lokacin da ya buga.
- A gida? Tambayar Pierre.
- Don halayen yanzu, Sofya Danilovna tare da 'ya'yan da suka bar zuwa ƙauyen Torzhok, Maigirma.
Game da p kuma tare da kuma r da znak zuwa game da. Animalan ƙaramin dabba mai santsi tare da dogayen wutsiya mara nauyi. Tsawon jiki daga 130 zuwa 170 mm, wutsiya - daga 90 zuwa 130 mm (koyaushe yana da mahimmanci fiye da rabin tsawon jikin), nauyi har zuwa 125 g. Mace sun fi ƙananan maza. Hannun kafafu sun fi gaban gaba. Soles din an rufe shi da gashi. Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, ɗan ƙarami, ba tare da tassels. Akwai pouches kunci. Tail tare da dan shelan "tsefe". A Jawo gajere ne, tare da madaidaiciyar rumfa; hunturu ba ta bambanta da rani. Launin saman yana da launin toka-mai-baki, a bayan bango akwai launuka 5 masu duhu, galibi suna rarrabe (matsakaici) ko iyakance (gefen) ta ɓangaren launi mafi sauƙi fiye da babban sautin. Kirji da ciki mai datti fari .. Babu bambance-bambance masu bambanci a cikin launi na hunturu da lokacin bazara, amma yanayin duhu a lokacin hunturu ba ya bambanta.
Kwanyar tare da babban kwatankwacinsa, tsawonta kuma da ƙarancin kwalliyar kwakwalwa daga sama, tare da crests mara ƙarfi da ƙananan lamuni. Matsayi na occipital shine kusan daidai yake da jirage da kuma gaban yankin kwanyar. Abubuwan da ke gudana a ciki suna da fadi kuma kunkuntar. Gwargwadon ƙwayar cuta na zagaye ne, tsinkayenta na tsaye yawanci ya fi girma a kwance, ƙwayar jijiya don jijiya na tsoka mai motsa jiki tana ƙarƙashin edgeasan ta. Ba kamar sauran squirrels mu fauna ba, infraorbital canal ba ya nan.
N tin tin g. Waƙoƙin Chipmunk suna da kama da waƙoƙin squirrel, amma sun fi su yawa. Dabba kuma tana tafiya ba tare da bata lokaci ba, yayin da kafaffun kafafun kafaffun kafaffun kafaffun kafaffun ke da karance koyaushe, kamar squirrel, a gaban kananan kafafun gaban. Girman bugun gaban goshin shine 1.8 x 1.9, baya 3.5 x 2.5 cm. Lokacin da tsalle, chipmunk ya yada yatsunsu a duka gaban da gaban kafafunsa. Tsawon tsalle-tsalle ya kasance daga 29 zuwa 51 cm, girman waƙar yana kusan cm 6.5 A cikin dusar ƙanƙara, chipmunk yana tsalle tare da digo biyu-biyu, tunda yanayin ƙafafun kafafun ya rufe ƙafafun gaban. Kuma tun da yake kwafin suna da ƙaran haske a kan dusar ƙanƙara, waƙoƙin suna zama kamar alamar biyu na ƙaramar maƙarƙashiya (mai lalata da gishirin gishiri, ba a ci karo da ita ba a Koda).
Baya ga alamomin paws, ana nuna alamar chipmunk ta zuriyar dabbobi da aka bari a rijiyoyin da kuma wasu wuraren. Waɗannan hatsi masu tasowa ne masu tsayi, iri ɗaya a cikin siffar zuwa berries na barberry, kwance a kananan tsika. Wani lokaci zaku iya samun ragowar abincin - ƙananan cones na conifers waɗanda ke shaƙa ta hanyar chipmunk (kama da cones waɗanda ke squirrels suna kamawa), ƙwayoyin hazel da itacen al'ul.
Yaɗa. Iyakokin iyakoki a Rasha suna da kyau a layin da iyakokin larchin larch a Siberiya da kewayon fir a ɓangaren Turai. A yamma - zuwa bankin hagu na Arewa Dvina da Kostroma Volga, bankin hagu na Kama. A gabas - zuwa Srednekolymsk da metro Olyutorky, game da. Sakhalin, tsibirin kudu na Kuril, kwanan nan ya mamaye Kamchatka. Iyakokin kudu suna bin kusan Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Lake. Chany, Novosibirsk da ƙari, rufe Altai daga yamma, ya wuce kan iyakokin ƙasarmu.
A waje da Rasha, yankin rarraba nau'in ya hada da Arewa da Arewa maso gabashin China, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido).
Daga cikin kasashe 5 da aka gano a cikin kasar, Cankia zai iya zamaTamiassibiricustsantsar da / koTamiassibiricus jacutensis.
Biotop. A kan fili, ya fi yawa a cikin duffai na daji mai duhu da abubuwan da suka samo asali, da kuma a cikin gandun daji gauraye, musamman tare da wadatar ƙasa da yawa daga bishiyoyi na fure da kuma yawan windfalls. A cikin tsaunuka, gandun daji na lardin-cedar da gandun daji gauraya tare da ƙarancin ƙwaya, yana tashi zuwa ƙarshen iyakar gandun daji, kuma a gabas har ila yau yana zaune a cikin itacen katako na katako tare da shinge na dutse, sau da yawa tare da mai tsayi pika. A iyakar arewa na gandun daji, yana zuwa wurare a cikin dazuzzukan daji, kuma a kan iyakar kudu, yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na tsibiri da kuma gauraye. Yana guje wa wuraren bushewa, kazalika da gandun daji masu tsabta na nau'in "filin shakatawa" da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwalla, musamman tare da murfin ciyawa mai yawa.
Kuma n kuma a kuma d a da u l da y h kuma da kusan za a yi. Chipmunk shine dabba mai zaman kanta. Kamar sunadarai, yana jagorantar rayuwa ta kaɗaici. Kowace dabba tana da mazauninta daban-daban daga kadada 1 zuwa 3. Namiji da mace sun tsaya tare kawai na wani ɗan lokaci kaɗan.
SAURARA. Tare da canza yanayin abinci, dabbobi suna motsawa daga wannan tashar zuwa wani. Sukan yi ƙaura daga kurmi zuwa gona lokacin girbin amfanin gona. A lokaci guda, zasu iya haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar girbe hatsi na alkama, buckwheat, da dai sauransu. Massauraran marasa galihu na lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewar babban abincin, kuma, sama da duka, an san tsaba na itacen al'ul.
Sa'a. Yana zaune a cikin ramuka, wani lokacin bazara yana yin gida a cikin ɓarna na kututture, a cikin rami mai kwance-kwance kuma a cikin ramin bishiyoyin da suka faɗi. A cikin ɓoyayyun tsakanin duwatsun, ramuka kusan ba a haƙa shi ba, amma an sanya filayen. A cikin burrows na hunturu galibi akwai dakuna biyu mai sihiri. A cikin ɗaki na sama, wanda yake a zurfin 48-90 cm, an shirya wani gida inda dabbobi ke sa hibernates, mace kuma ta nuna zuriyarta. A cikin ƙananan ɗakuna (a zurfin of 68-130 cm) akwati ne. Tsarin bazara ya ƙunshi ɗakuna guda ɗaya wanda ke zurfin zurfin 54-68 cm kuma an haɗa shi zuwa saman ta hanyar karkata. Mafi girman tsaran abubuwan motsawar chipmunks a cikin maganin Amur-Zeya shine 3 m42 cm.
Kuma zuwa kuma a kusan tare da t. Yana jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun. A farkon bazara, chipmunk ya bar gida zuwa ɗan gajeren lokaci, sannan kuma a kan kwanakin rana. A lokacin rani yana farkawa da safe har zuwa maraice, maraice, wasu lokuta yakan ɓoye a cikin lokacin zafi. A ranakun ruwa sama ya guji fita daga rami. Yunkuri na chipmunks yawanci ƙanƙane ne, ba sa wuce 100-200. Dabbobin dabbobi kaɗai ke wuce zurfin nisa, ana kafa ƙungiyoyi a cikin abubuwan da ke gudana zuwa kilomita 1.5, lokacin tattara abinci - 1.0-2.5 kilomita. Hawan itatuwa da kyau kuma tsalle daga bishiya zuwa itace har tsawon 6 m, tare da tashin hankali tsalle zuwa ƙasa daga tsayin mita 10. Yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci a duniya. Ba kamar sauran sahun squirrel na Rasha ba, ana san chipmunk da ƙararrawa mai sauti mai rikitarwa. Muryarsa wata karar magana ce mai murfi ko murfi mai tsayi, wacce ake fitarwa a gaban hadari, haka kuma akwai alamun sigogi biyu, kamar sauti "launin-borax" ko "ƙugiya-ƙugiya", na ƙarshe shine kukan mace yayin taruwa.
Falls cikin rashin himma na hunturu. A watan Satumba-Oktoba, dabbobin sun daina barin ramin, duk da haka, a cikin yankuna na kudanci, alal misali, a cikin yankin Terimorsky, suna da aiki ko da a cikin Disamba. Yayin narkewa, za a iya katse hibernation kuma dabbobi za su iya amfani da ajiyar ajiyar su. A lokacin hunturu, yawanci basa cinye hannun jari - yawancin su ana amfani da su ne a lokacin bazara bayan barin ɓarnar wuri. Akwai wasu lokuta sanannu game da abin da ya faru na dabbobi biyu a cikin rami ɗaya - mace da namiji. Hibernation yana ɗaukar watanni 7. Suna farka a farkon lokacin bazara, galibi a watan Afrilu, a farkon yanayi mai kyau da kuma bayyanuwar faci na farko mai laushi. Bayan kwanaki 2-4 bayan barin hibernation na mace, fara tsere. A cikin iska mai sanyi, kullun yana jinkirta.
Abinci mai gina jiki. Yana ciyarwa a kan tsaba na conifers, berries, tsaba na shrubs da ganye, namomin kaza. Yana sha'awar cin tsaba na tsire-tsire masu ciyawar, ba sau da yawa - sassan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. A cikin ɗan ƙaramin abu yana cin kwari, mollusks, tsutsotsi, ƙwai tsuntsu, da sauran sassan tsirrai. Chipmunk yana da haɓaka ilhami don adana abinci. A lokacin bazara da damina, dabbar tana yin hannun jari da nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 8 na zaɓaɓɓen tsaba, yana saka su a rami, wani lokacin ma yakan yi ɓoye cikin ƙasa a cikin kusancin gidansa. Chipmunk yana jawo abinci a cheekbags, wani lokacin ma fiye da kilomita ɗaya, ana iya ɗaukar 10 g a tafi guda ɗaya .. Ana amfani da kayan abinci musamman a ranakun haɗaka a ƙarshen kaka da farkon bazara. Hannun Chipmunk - magani don beyar.
SASHE NA Lokacin kiwo ya faɗi a kan Afrilu - Mayu kuma yana farawa nan da nan bayan farkawa daga yanayin rashin himma. A wannan lokacin, halayyar “gurgling” whistles wanda mata ke kiran maza yawanci. Fewan arean maza yawanci sukan bi mace, waɗanda sau da yawa suke gudu don 200-300 m zuwa wurin daftarin muryar, ke bi juna, a gurguje cikin gajere. Cutar ciki tayi kimanin kwanaki 30. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana kawo zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya, amma a wasu ɓangarori na kewayon kowane ɗaiɗaikun mutane suna da na biyu. A cikin brood akwai yara 4-10, an haife su da makaho kuma tsirara, masu nauyin kimanin g 4 Kimanin wata daya bayan haka sun fara barin ramin, kuma yayin da suka kai watanni daya da rabi sun riga sun jagoranci rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Sun kai ga balaga har shekara mai zuwa.
Yawan matan da ke shiga cikin kiwo ya dogara da yawan abinci. A shekarar da ta biyo bayan kyakkyawan girbi na itacen al'ul, a tsaunukan Sayan Yammacin Turai ke ciyar da kashi 91-92 na mace, bayan wadataccen abinci - 41%. Sauye sauye a cikin girma na haihuwa yana shafar abun da ya shafi yawan mutanen chipmunks. Bayan mummunan girbi, rabon dabbobin shekarar bara ya ragu daga 65 zuwa 38% kuma yawan adadin tsofaffi ya karu. A cikin shekaru na al'ada, har zuwa kaka, rabin adadin matasa dabbobi ne. Tare da rashin amfanin gona, rabonsu na iya raguwa zuwa 5.8%
L da N ga kuma. Chipmunk molt yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara - a cikin bazara - a lokacin rani.
C hl lennost. Yawan yana canzawa sosai dangane da girbin babban abinci. A cikin gandun daji na Yammacin Sayan, an lura da mafi yawan nau'ikan chipmunks a cikin gandunan itacen ciyawa masu tsayi: 20 a 1 sq Km. km A cikin arewa maso gabashin Altai, an lura da matsakaicin yawan chipmunks a cikin itacen al'ul-fir taiga, a 1 sq. Km. km, akwai dabbobi har 47 kafin matasa su fito daga ramuka kuma har zuwa 225 bayan bayyanar su. A wasu nau'in gandun daji, akwai ƙasa kaɗan, manya 2-27 da 9-71 tare da yara. Ana lura da mafi ƙarancin adadi a matattakan ƙwallon ƙafa: 1-3 a watan Yuni, 2-4 a ƙarshen May da farkon watan Agusta. A cikin yanki na gandun daji na taiga ta kudu kusa da Tobolsk a cikin birni-aspen-fir taiga a cikin kaka akwai dabbobin 8 a 1 sq Km. km, a cikin dazuzukan cedar cike da katsewa - dabbobi 21.
A r da I.Konkurenty. Abokan chipmunk sune wakilan dangin marten, suna zaune a cikin tashoshin daidai da chipmunk, haka ma kyarkeci, fox, kare da bera, tsuntsaye masu farauta, macizai, kuliyoyi da karnuka. Bear da sable, yana lalata burbushin chipmunk, sau da yawa sukan ci "mai shi" da hannun jari. Gasar chipmunk game da cin abinci mutum, akasarinsu ne (kwayoyi, itacen tsirrai, iri) nau'ikan abinci sune squirrel, sable, jay, lemun tsami, babban danshi mai katako, brown and Himalayan bears and the rodents rodents and dores rodres
Daraja Kasuwancin hunturu na chipmunk, musamman kwayoyi na Pine, suna da ƙarfi kamar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi masu linzamin kwamfuta da kuma nema musamman da bera da suka fashe. Dabba da kanta muhimmin abu ne na abinci ga masu farautar fulawar taiga.Domin girman cutar encephalitis mai dauke da cutar yana da mahimmancin kwayar cuta, kasancewa daya daga cikin manyan rundunonin ixodid kashin lanmphs, don haka, ya shiga cikin yadawar cutar dake haifar da wannan cutar. Bugu da kari, chipmunk wani jigilar halitta ne na tularemia kuma ɗayan nau'ikan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro.
Chipmunks suna da tsawon rayuwa na shekaru 3-4. A zaman talala, chipmunks ya rayu shekaru 8.5.