Farar fata (ko Siberian Crane) - tsuntsu wanda ke cikin gidan cranes da tsari na cranes, kuma a halin yanzu ana ɗaukar nau'ikan nau'ikan cranes waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin Rasha kawai.
Ba za ku iya saduwa da ita ko'ina ba a duniya. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa gwajin jagorar masana masaniyar Rasha don ceton wannan tsuntsu mai saukin kai ya kasance shugaban ƙasar Rasha Vladimir Putin kai tsaye. Wannan aikin ana kiran shi kyakkyawan taken "Flight of Hope." Zuwa yau, Siberian Crane ba kawai aka jera shi a cikin littafin Red ba, har ma an amince dashi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan da ke da ɗaukar hoto a cikin duk duniya.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Sterkh - Farar Cranewanda girmansa ya kai santimita 160. Yawan nauyin manya ya kama daga kilo biyar zuwa bakwai da rabi. Kokarin fika yakan bambanta daga santimita 220 zuwa 265. Maza yawanci sunfi girma fiye da na mace kuma suna da fari baki.
Launin launin farin cranes (kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani da sunan tsuntsu) fararen fata ne, fuka-fuki suna da ƙarewar baƙi. Kafa da baki suna haske ja. Matasa galibi suna da launi mai launin shuɗi, wanda a gaba yana haske. Cutar ido a cikin tsuntsu yawanci launin rawaya ce ko ja.
Gashin itacen Siberian Cranes ana ɗauka mafi tsayi a cikin duk sauran wakilan dangin crane, a ƙarshen waɗanda babu alamun nau'in sawtooth. Bangare na shugaban waxannan tsuntsaye (kewaye da idanun da baki) gaba daya baya dauke da bugun jini, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta fatar a wannan yankin tana da alamar jan launi. Idanun kajin yayin haihuwar shuɗi ne mai launi, wanda a hankali ya fara jujjuya launin rawaya akan lokaci.
Ana samun su farin cranes a Rashaba tare da haɗu da haɗuwa ko'ina ba a cikin sauran saman duniyarmu. An rarrabe su akasari a Jamhuriyar Komi, Yamalo-Nenets mai cin gashin kai na Yankin da kuma yankin Arkhangelsk, suna samar da wasu mutane biyu daban da suka zama ruwan dare.
Ranwararrun Siberian Cranes suna barin Rasha keɓaɓɓun lokacin hunturu, lokacin garken farin cranes yin dogon jirage zuwa China, Indiya da arewacin Iran. Wakilan wannan al`umma suna yawanci a kusa da tafkuna daban-daban da kuma fadama, tunda kuyoyinsu suna dacewa sosai don motsi akan ƙwallan viscous.
Fadar White Crane samun kanka yana da matukar wahala, saboda sun gwammace a kasance a tsakiyar tabkuna da kuma fadama, katanga na gandun daji.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Daga cikin dukkan sauran wakilan gidan crane, ainihin Cranes ne na Siberiya waɗanda suka fito tare da manyan bukatun da suka sa a gaba wurin zama. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a halin yanzu suke gab da hallakaswa.
Kodayake ba shi da haɗari a faɗi game da farin crane cewa ana ɗaukar wannan tsuntsun yana da kunya sosai kuma yana guje wa kusanci da mutane, a lokaci guda yana iya zama mai matukar tayar da hankali idan akwai wata barazanar kai tsaye ga gida ko rayuwarsa.
Farar fata a cikin jirgin
Sterkh yana aiki kusan a ko'ina cikin rana, yana yin awoyi sama da sa'o'i biyu don barci, lokacin yana tsaye akan kafa ɗaya, yana ɓoye na biyu a cikin gashin fuka-fukai a ciki. Shugaban yayin lokacin hutawa yana zaune kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin reshe.
Tunda Cranes na Siberian suna da hankali ga tsuntsayen, yawanci suna zaɓan wani wuri don yin bacci daidai a tsakiyar tsakiyar farfajiyar ruwa, nesa daga bushes da sauran mafaka waɗanda masu tsinkaye zasu iya ɓoye a baya.
Duk da cewa wadannan tsuntsayen suna da wayoyi sosai kuma suna yin awanni biyu a rana, kasancewar su ma suna da irin kwararru a cikin yawan gudun hijira na yanayi (tsawon lokacin da jiragen ke hawa kilomita 6), basu da karfi sosai a lokacin hunturu, kuma da dare. kwanaki sunfi son shakatawa.
Kukan farin Cranes ya bambanta da sauran membobin iyali, kuma yana da tsawo, tsayi kuma mai tsabta.
Saurari kukan farin kirin
Abinci mai gina jiki
A wuraren zama, kullun farin burodin suna ciyar da abinci ne na shuka. Abinda suka fi so shine kowane nau'in berries, hatsi, tsaba, tushen da rhizomes, tubers da matasa na seedlings na ciyawa.
Hakanan sun haɗa da kwari, mollusks, ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta da kifi. Mafi sau da yawa ba sau da yawa, Cranes na Siberian suna cin kwaro, ƙananan tsuntsaye da qwai. Duk tsawon lokacin hunturu, Cranes na Siberian suna cin abinci “samfurori” na shuka iri iri.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Farar Crane
Farin Crane ko Sterkh mallakar mallakar dabba ne, nau'in kumburi, ajin tsuntsaye, dangin crane, dabi'ar halittar Cranes, da nau'in Sterkhov. Cranes sune tsoffin tsuntsaye, tsoffin gidan cranes an kirkiresasu ne a lokacin Eocene, kusan shekaru miliyan 40-60 kenan kenan. Tsohon tsuntsayen sun ɗan bambanta da wakilan wannan dangin, waɗanda muka saba da mu yanzu, sun fi dangi na zamani, akwai bambanci a cikin bayyanar tsuntsaye.
Bidiyo: Farar Cire
'Yan uwan dake kusa da White Cranes sune Psophiidae mai busa ƙaho da kuma Aramidae saniya. A zamanin da, waɗannan sanannun tsuntsaye sun san mutane, zane-zanen dutse wanda ke nuna waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen suna magana game da wannan. Nau'in Grus leucogeranus an fara bayyana shi da masanin kimiyyar Soviet na K.A. Vorobyov a shekarar 1960.
Cranes manyan tsuntsaye ne da suke da doguwar kafa da kafafu mai tsawo. Sashin tsuntsu ya fi mita 2 girma. Tsayin dutsen Siberian Crane shine cm 140. Yayin jirgin, cranes suna yada wuyansu a gaba da zuwa kasan kafafunsu, wanda yayi kama da storks, amma sabanin wadannan tsuntsayen, cranes basu da dabi'ar zama akan bishiyoyi. Ranararraki suna da ƙaramin kai, tare da dogaye, baki mai tsayi. A kai, kusa da baki, akwai wani ɓangaren fata na fata. A cikin Siranian Cranes wannan yanki mai launin ja ne mai haske. Umwaya fari fari, a fuka-fukan, gashin fuka-fukan suna launin ja-ja. Matasa mutane na iya samun tabo ja da baya ko wuya.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Yaya wani farin crane ya yi kama?
Cranes kyawawan tsuntsaye ne. Abubuwan ado ne na ainihi na kowane ɗamari ko gidan dabbobi. Nauyin mutum ya girma daga kilogiram 5.5 zuwa 9. Girma daga kai zuwa ƙafa 140-160 cm, fikafikai kimanin mita 2. Maza yawanci suna da girma fiye da mace, kuma maza ma suna da ƙaramar baki. Firam na Siberian Cranes fari fari; a jikin fikafikan, gashin tsuntsaye sun yi duhu kusan baki.
A kan kai a kusa da beak akwai wani abin facin fata mai launin shuɗi. Saboda abin da tsuntsu ya dubi kadan ba tsoro, ko da yake farkon ra'ayi ya barata, yanayin halin farin cranes yana da matukar tayar da hankali. Gemun shima ja ne kai tsaye da tsawo. A cikin kananan dabbobi, plumage mai haske launin ruwan kasa. Wani lokaci ana iya samun tabo ja a gefe da kuma baya. Kayan yarinyar suna sanye har zuwa shekaru 2-2.5 bayan haka, launi na tsuntsu ya canza zuwa farin fari.
Gashin tsuntsayen wary ne; bakan gizo na wani balaguro ne. Rufin yatsun tsayi kuma har da ruwan hoda. Babu ramuka a kafafu, akan kowane reshe akwai yatsu 4, yatsun tsakiya da na waje suna hade da membranes. Vocalization - Siberian Cranes kara sosai, wannan kara ana ji a lokacin jirgin ana ji daga ƙasa. Kuma Can Siberian Cranes suna yin sauti sosai yayin rawar rawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Muryar crane tana kama da sautin kayan kida. Yayin raira waƙa, mutane suna tsinkayar sauti kamar ƙaramar magana.
Farar fata ana ɗaukar farin ƙarni na gaskiya a tsakanin tsuntsayen da ke cikin daji, waɗannan tsuntsayen zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 70. Cranes sun sami damar kawo zuriya daga shekaru 6-7.
Ina farin crane ke zaune?
Hoto: Farar Crane a Flight
Fararen cranes suna da iyaka mai iyaka. Wadannan tsuntsayen gida kawai a cikin ƙasar. A halin yanzu, akwai mazauna fari biyu na fararen fata. Wadannan alummomin suna zama a ware daga juna. Kashin farko na ƙasashen yamma an rarraba su ne a Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a cikin Jamhuriyar Komi da yankin Arkhangelsk. Secondungiya ta biyu ana ɗaukarta ta gabas ce, ƙwancen jama'ar wannan mazaunin a arewacin Yakutia.
Yawan mutanen yamma ne ke kusa da bakin kogin Mezen, kuma a gabas a cikin ambaliyar ruwan Kogin Kunovat. Kuma ana iya samun waɗannan tsuntsayen akan Ob. Yawan mutanen gabas na son gida a cikin tundra. Don farauta, Cranes na Siberian suna zaɓar wuraren da ba kowa ciki tare da yanayin laima. Waɗannan sune kogunan koguna, fadama maɗaukaki a cikin gandun daji. Farar fata shine tsuntsaye masu ƙaura kuma suna yin tafiye-tafiye masu nisa don hunturu a ƙasashe masu ɗumi.
A cikin hunturu, ana iya samun farin cranes a cikin fadama cikin India da arewacin Iran. A cikin kasarmu, hunturu na Siberian Cranes sama da bakin tekun Shomal, wanda ke cikin Tekun Caspian. Yakut cranes suna son yin hunturu a China, inda waɗannan tsuntsaye suka zaɓi kwari a kusa da Kogin Yangtze. A lokacin tsuntsaye nesting suna gina gida akan ruwa. Don nests zabi mafi rufe wuraren. Gidajen tsuntsayen suna da manyan manyan abubuwa. Gidan sikirin Siberian babban yanki ne na ciyawar ciyawa, wanda a ciki ake yin bacin rai. A gida yakan hau 20 cm sama da matakin ruwa.
Yanzu kun san inda farin cirin ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Matsayin Kariya
Hukumar ta sanya Sterkh ne don Cutar da Kungiyar Kasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi da Albarkatun Al'umma ga daya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan jijiyoyin duniya wadanda da gaske ke cikin hadari. Sterkh an haɗa shi a cikin Shafi I CITES kuma an jera shi a cikin Red Books na Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autrugous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Federationungiyar Rasha da kuma cikin littafin Red Union na Unionasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (INCN) - EN jerin. A halin yanzu, ana kiyasta adadin nau'in a kusan mutane 2900-3000. Don tseratar da shi, an ƙulla Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Bonn akan Kariyar Dabbobin Migratory, haɗaɗɗun jihohin da yankin da take da tushe (Federationungiyar Rasha), hibernates (Indiya da Iran) kuma ta hanyar ta ƙaura (Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) ) Rasha, wacce ta sanya hannu kan wannan yarjejeniya a shekarar 1993, tana da wajibai na musamman na kasa da kasa a matsayin yanki daya tilo da ke tsakanin yankin Siberian Crane.
Jirgin Siberian ba shi da abokan gaba. Amma yayin da lokacin ƙaura daga daji ke haɗuwa da lokacin kyankyasar, deer ya zama abu mai tayar da hankali, yana haifar da mutuwar fashewa. A lokacin hunturu a cikin busassun shekaru, crane na crane ya zama abokin hamayya na crane a matsayin mai girma da ƙarfi.
Rarraba
An rarraba Siberian Crane ne kawai a kan iyakar Rasha, kuma kewayon gidansa yana samar da adadin mutanen biyu gaba ɗaya, waɗanda ake kira Ob da Yakut. Yawan jama'a na farko sun mamaye yankin kudu maso Yammacin Siberiya, masu wadatattun tafkuna. Yawan mutanen Yakut suna zaune da manyan yankuna masu daɗaɗɗen toka-bi-bi-bi a cikin tundra, tundra-tundra da matsanancin taiga na arewacin, tare da manyan tafkuna da ƙananan kwari da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye.
Aiki
A cikin lokacin farawar a cikin tundra tare da faɗuwar rana, Sifen Siberian suna aiki a kowane lokaci. Amma tsakanin karfe uku zuwa biyar na safe suna rage aiki da barci. Don barcin barci, tsuntsaye suna zaɓar bude wuraren, ambaliyar ruwa wacce ke aƙalla kusan 100 m daga tarin ƙwayar cuta ko tsintsaye na kusa. Crane Siberian mai barci yana tsaye a ƙafa ɗaya, yana ɓoye ɗayan a cikin zubar da ciki na ciki. An sanya kai a wannan lokacin a ƙarƙashin reshe, wuyan an matse shi a jiki. Wani lokaci tsuntsu mai farkawa yana shimfiɗa reshe ko yana yin motsi da yawa tare da ƙafar ta kyauta. Jimlar tsawon cikakken bacci bai wuce awa 2 ba.
A lokacin hunturu, Cwararrun Siberian suna da aikin yau da kullun, waɗanda ke farawa da fitowar rana da ƙare da farkon duhu.
Kiwo
Cranes ya isa lokacin balaga cikin shekaru 6-7, lokacin kiwo na iya wuce shekaru fiye da dozin. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da aure kuma suna da nau'i biyu.
Sun fi son zama a cikin wuraren bude wuraren fadama a tsakanin gandun daji taiga.
Nisa tsakanin nitocin dake cikin Yakutia daga 2.5 zuwa 75 km, amma yawanci shine 14-20 km. A cikin yawan mutanen Ob, yawan kumburin ya girma: mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin naston 1.5 kilomita, matsakaicin - 10 km.
Gurin Siberian Crane shine dandamali mai laushi wanda aka yi da sedge mai tushe kuma yana zaune kai tsaye cikin ruwa. Cranes na iya yin gida a gida guda tsawon shekaru, kuma diamita na tsoffin nunin wasu lokuta ya kai cm 120. Kamar sauran ranan cranes, suna yin ƙasa sosai kuma suna kiyaye iyakar yankuna.
Akwai ƙwai 1-2 a cikin ɗigon ƙwayar Siberian Crane, galibi mace tana saka su, namiji yakan maye gurbinsa da ɗan gajeren lokaci da rana. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 27-28. Adadin mutuwar halittar clutches da mutuwar kajin na da matukar girma, kuma adadin kiwo na kiba ne. Kajin sabobin haihuwa suna da matukar tayar da hankali ga junan su, kuma tsohuwar karen tana kashe saurayin. Abin sha'awa shine, zafin kajin ya ragu zuwa shekaru kusan kwana 40. Bayan rayuwar kiwo na broods ba'a yi nazari da yawa ba. Iyalai da sauri sun bar wurin farauta kuma suna yawo tundra kafin tashi.
A reshe, kajin sun tashi a farkon rabin Disamba.
Halin zamantakewa
Halin Siberian Crane an tsara shi a cikin tsari. Tunda mallakar ta ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan shinge na yanki ne mai tsaurin ra'ayi, zanga-zangar barazanar ta kasance muhimmiyar wuri a cikin yanayin halayen da ake ciki. Lokacin farawa, ana kiyaye filayen yanki musamman ta hanyar unison Duo, wanda ke tattare da takamaiman sahun gaba. Waƙoƙin Kiranian Siranian sun ƙunshi manyan tsalle-tsalle, takwas suna gudana tare da fuka-fukan baza da juyawa. A cikin hunturu, yanayin yanki ya ragu sosai, ana gudanar da Cranes na Siberian a cikin rukuni, kuma barazanar zanga-zangar tana ba da gudummawa don kiyaye tsarin tsarin a cikin kungiyar.
Tarihin Rayuwa a Zoo
Siranian Cranes suna da yawa wakilci a cikin nunin bayanai game da manyan gidajen shanun, tunda a can ne suka sami nasara asali.
Farkon Siberian Crane ya fito a cikin gidan zuonmu a cikin 1987 daga Reshen Oka. Amma kamar wata bayan haka, abin takaici, ya mutu daga haɗari. Cranes na Siberian na gaba ya karɓi kawai shekara guda bayan haka. Amma ba su yi kiwo a nan ba. Ya kasance ma'aurata masu kyau, amma babu kiwo. Bugu da ƙari, muna riƙe da Crane Siberian Crane mai rauni tare da fashe baki: a cikin irin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu tayar da hankali, beaks sukan fashe: yana rugawa a ma'aikatu da baƙi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa cranes da kuma yawancin tsuntsayen da ɗiyan da aka ɗaga suna ɗaukar ɗan adam a matsayin ɗabi'unsu daban-daban. Lokacin da tsuntsu ya balaga, zai fara kare yankinsa daga mutane daban-daban, gami da mutane a cikin jinsinsa. Kuma duk lokacin da mutane suka saba wa yankinsa, to da yawan ƙin son mutanen nan suke yi. Don haka, kwanon da mutane ke girma suna nuna ƙiyayya musamman ga ma’aikatan da ke ciyar da su. Kajin da muka girka sun fara nuna rashin ƙarfi a cikin shekaru 1.5 -2. Lokacin da suka kawo hari, sai suka bugi abokin hamayyarsu mai ƙarfi da yatsunsu da baki. A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Martial akwai "salon Stork" - a zahiri, salon crane ne - lokacin da suka harbi abokan gaba. Can kirin yana tashi sama yana wasa da wahala. Babban ɗigon murfi na iya ɗan huda fox da ƙyallen ƙyallen fata tare da dunƙule.
A halin yanzu, gidan dabbobi bashi da Cranes na Siberian, amma suna cikin gidan binciken mu. Akwai nau'i biyu. Duk tsuntsayen sun fito ne daga Oka Reserve - ƙwararrun ɗakunan kiwo. Sakamakon babban zalunci, mace ɗaya ba ta yi nasarar ƙirƙirar ma'aurata ba, saboda haka, an samo zuriya daga gare ta ta hanyar ƙirar mutum. A halin yanzu, ba a aiwatar da ciyawar wucin gadi kuma wannan takalmin ba ya kiwo. Na biyu waɗanda aka kafa a kai a kai suna kiwon dabbobi, kowace shekara suna da kajin 1-2.
Don rayuwa ta al'ada ta Siberian Crane, aviary a cikin gidan ya kamata ya zama sarari - daga murabba'in mita 50 zuwa 100. mita, tare da ciyawa ko yashi. Poolan karamin tafki abin so ne, kamar yadda yawancin cranes suna son yin iyo, da shukoki. A cikin zangon buɗewar, koyaushe akwai kyakkyawan tsarin abinci wanda ake daidaita ɗimbin bitamin da furotin. Sau ɗaya a rana, ana ba da daskararren masara (kifi, alkama, tumatir, karas) wanda aka ƙara abincin da aka haɗa don friability. Cranes suna karbar mice kowace rana - wannan shine abincinsu.
Manyan cranes suna ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i. Da zaran ma'aurata suka yi tsari, sai ya fara kashe wasu cranes a cikin jirgin sama, yana 'yantar da yankin daga wurin baƙi .. Ma'aurata sun tabbata, amma idan ɗayan abokin ya mutu, ɗayan kuma zai kasance cikin nutsuwa ya maye gurbinsa da wani. Ba a lura da amincin Swansea.
Matsala cikin kula da cranes shine buƙatar samar da nau'ikan kwanon rufi tare da babban aviary. Har ila yau, tashin hankali na cranes na iya zama matsala, saboda ba ta barin ma'aikaci ya shiga cikin jirgin sama kadai ba.
Ana aiwatar da saukar da crane bisa ga ka'idar - idan akwai namiji da mace, to lallai ne muyi ƙoƙarin samar da wata biyu. Ya kamata a dasa cranin a cikin kaka, a cikin mafi ƙarancin ayyukan hormonal. A bu mai kyau tsuntsaye su zauna na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar sanduna (a cikin kusa da aviaries) kuma ku san juna.
Lokacin da muka dasa kranan Jafananci, suna zaune kusa da juna na kimanin watanni biyu, suna kallon juna ta sandunan. Lokacin da aka haɗa su, nan da nan suka fara nuna hali kamar masu aure.
Amma yana faruwa ta wata hanyar daban: Siberian Crane Libby, bayan ya zauna, ya jimre wa saurayin makonni da yawa, sannan ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe shi. An karɓi maza daga cikin jirgin sama na aviary, kuma an ƙaddara Libby da wucin gadi. Kullum tana ƙyamar ƙwai da kajin. Amma ba ta buƙatar namiji. Muna aiwatar da kiwo ta wucin gadi tun daga 1985. Wannan dabarar tana da sauki kuma baya haifar da matsaloli.
Ya ku baƙi, don Allah kar a sanya yatsun ku a cikin keji tare da cranes - wannan tsuntsu yana da m, kuma ku da been tsuntsaye na iya wahala.
Bayanin
Babban tsuntsu: tsawo game da 140 cm, wingpan 2.1-2.3 m, nauyi 5-8.6 kg. Gashin fuka-fukan a gaban kai na idanun da kan baki ba ya nan, fentin a wannan wuri a cikin tsuntsaye manya an zana su da launin ja mai haske. Macen ta yi ja ko launin rawaya. Beak ya yi tsawo (mafi tsawo a cikin dukkan kwanon ruɓa), ja, sawtooth a ƙarshen yin aiki. Umarfin jikin mafi yawansu fari ne, ban da gashin fuka-fukan farko na fari akan fikafikan. Kafafu suna da tsayi, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. A cikin Samarin beran Siberian, gaban kai yana da launin rawaya, ƙwaƙwalwa mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, tare da ratsin launin shuɗi a wuya da ƙyalli. Wani lokaci, fararen samarin Siberian Cranes masu launin ja a baya, wuya da gewaye ana samun su. Idanun kajin suna shuɗi ne na watanni shida na farko, to, sai ya zama rawaya.
Dimorphism na jima'i (bambance-bambancen bayyane tsakanin maza da mata) kusan ba a bayyana shi ba, kodayake maza sun ɗan girma fiye da na mace kuma suna da babban baki Ba ya samar da tallafi.
Me ke cin farin crane?
Hoto: Farar Crane daga Littafin Jan
Farin cranes abu ne mai ko'ina kuma ba shi da ɗanɗani game da abinci.
Abincin farin cranes ya hada da:
- tsaba da kuma berries musamman kamar cranes cranberries da Cloudberries,
- kwaɗi da amphibians,
- kananan rodents
- kananan tsuntsaye
- kifi
- qwai na kananan tsuntsaye
- algae da tushen tsirrai na ruwa,
- auduga ciyawa da sedge,
- ƙananan kwari, kwari da arthropods.
A cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun, galibi suna cin abincin shuka da berries. A matsayin abinci mai gina jiki suna son cin kifi, frogs. Wani lokacin rodents. A lokacin hunturu suna cin abin da suka samu a wurin hunturu. Ba kamar sauran sauran tsuntsayen ba, farin cranes ko da baya tashi zuwa wuraren noman da kuma zuwa mazaunin mutum koda a cikin shekarun yunwa. Tsuntsaye ba sa son mutane, har ma a ƙarƙashin zafin mutuwa daga yunwar, ba za su zo ga mutum ba. Idan murfi ya lura da mutane kusa da gida, tsuntsaye na iya barin gida har abada.
A cikin abincinsu, beak dinsu yana taimaka wa jijiyoyi sosai. Tsuntsaye sukan kama abin da suka ci tare da gemunsa. An kama kifayen Cranes daga ruwa tare da baki. Don hakar rhizomes, cranes sun haƙa ƙasa tare da gemu. Tsuntsaye da ƙananan kwari tsuntsaye ne ke karɓar su daga ƙasa, a cikin bauta, ana ciyar da tsuntsayen da hatsi, kifi, ƙananan beraye da ƙwai. Kuma a cikin sarƙaƙƙun gidajen wuta ana ba su nama na ƙananan tsuntsaye, iri da abincin dabbobi. Dangane da abinci mai gina jiki, irin wannan abincin ba shi da ƙasa da abin da tsuntsayen ke ci a daji.
Habitat da mazauninsu
Sterkh nests musamman a Rasha. An lura da mutanen da ke cikin wannan tsuntsu biyu: daya ta yamma a yankin Arkhangelsk, Jamhuriyar Komi da Yamalo-Nenets mai cin gashin kanta, da kuma gabashin gabashin arewacin Yakutia. Yawan mutane na farko, wanda ake kira "Ob", yana iyakantacce ne a yamma ta bakin Kogin Mezen kudu da Kogin Kanin, a gabashin ambaliyar Kogin Kunovat da ƙananan hanyar Ob a cikin Yamal-Nenets okrug. A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye na wannan adadin suna yin ƙaura zuwa gaɓar tsibiran India (Keoladeo National Park) da arewacin Iran a gefen tekun Caspian (Shomal). Yawan mutanen gabas suna kwance ne a tsakiyar kogin Yana, Indigirka, da Alazeya a Yakutia; waɗannan tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa China don hunturu, zuwa tsakiyar rafin kogin Yangtze.
A cikin Yakutia, Cranes na Siberian yana da mazaunin mazaunan, ba a iya shiga cikin tundra, a yankuna mara kyau, a cikin lardin Ob a tsakiyar ɓarkewar hamada da ke kewaye da wani daji.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Tsuntsu Crane Farar fata
Cranes ne quite m tsuntsaye. Sau da yawa, kajin na Siberian Crane suna kashe juna kawai ta hanyar fasa kwai. Cranes suna kuma tayarda hankalin mutane, musamman a lokacin farauta. Suna da sirri sosai, kar ku yarda da kasancewar mutum a kusa. Fararen cranes suna da matukar bukatar mazauninsu; sun zauna a bakin kogunan kogunan ruwa da ruwa. A wannan yanayin, an zaɓi kogunan ruwa kawai.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗannan tsuntsayen cewa lallai ne ya zama akwai tsabtataccen ruwa mai tsabta a kusa. Cranes suna da alaƙa da ruwa, suna yin filaye a kai, a ciki suma suna yawan cin lokaci a lokacin kamun kifi da kwaro, suna jin daɗin kansu tsire-tsire na ruwa. Fararen cranes sune tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. A lokacin rani suna da gida a arewacin Rasha da kuma Gabas ta Tsallake, tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi don hunturu.
Tsuntsaye suna da tsarin zamantakewa na rayuwa, idan a yayin tsuntsaye masu farauta suna zama a cikin nau'i-nau'i, yayin tashin jiragen sama suna nuna hali kamar garkunan tsuntsaye. Sukan tashi cikin fili kuma suna biyayya ga shugaban. A lokacin farauta, mace da namiji suna ba da gudummawa ga rayuwar iyali. Tsuntsayen suna gina gida tare, suna lura da zuriya tare.
Jirgin sama ya tashi daga hunturu a watan Satumba kuma ya koma wuraren da suka saba a ƙarshen watan Afrilu da tsakiyar Mayu. Jirgin yayi kusan kwanaki 15-20. Yayin zirga-zirga, jirage na tashi sama da nisan mil 700-1000 sama da ƙasa a saurin kilomita 60 a kowace awa sama da ƙasa da kuma kusan kilomita 100 a sa'a a saman teku. A cikin rana guda, garken cranes na iya tashi zuwa kilomita 400. A cikin hunturu za su iya ci gaba da kasancewa tare cikin manyan garken. Wannan hanyar tsuntsaye suna jin aminci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Cranes tsuntsaye ne masu girman kai; basa zaune a jikin rassan itace. Zama a kan rassan da aka tanƙwara a ƙarƙashin nauyinsu ba na su bane.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Chick Crane Chick
Kayan kera ke tashi zuwa wuraren da ake farautarsu tun lokacin hunturu a ƙarshen Afrilu da Mayu. A wannan lokacin, sun fara lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Kafin fara iyali, bikin aure na ainihi yana faruwa ne a ƙwanƙolin, wanda a ciki ne ake haɗa maza da mata ta waƙar kyakkyawa, suna yin kyawawan launuka masu kyau. Yayin raira waka, maza sukan yada fikafikansu fadi-kasa zuwa garesu kuma su jefa kawunansu baya, yayin da mace take barin fikafikan a wani wuri mai nada. Baya ga waka, wasannin rahusawa suna tare da raye-raye masu ban sha'awa, watakila wannan rawar tana sake tabbatar da ɗayan abokan idan yana da saurin magana, ko kuma zama wata hanyar ƙarfafa alaƙar juna.
Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye ne suka gina su akan ruwa, maza da mata suna shiga wannan aikin. A sa'ilin daya na mace-macen, mace ta sanya manyan qwai biyu guda biyu masu nauyin kilo 214 tare da hutu kwanaki da yawa. A cikin wasu mutane, a cikin yanayi masu wahala, kamawar yana iya ƙunsar kwai ɗaya kaɗai. Abincin ƙwai yana faruwa ne ta hanyar mace, kodayake wani lokacin namiji yakan zo taimakon ta, yawanci yakan maye gurbin mace da rana. Yin kiyayya yana da tsawon wata daya. Yayin haihuwar mace, mace zata kasance koda yaushe wani kusa yake kuma yana tsare dangin sa.
Bayan wata daya, an haifi kajin 2. A cikin kwanaki 40 na farko, kajin suna matukar tayar wa junan su. Mafi sau da yawa, ɗayan kajin na mutu, kuma mafi ƙarfi shine ya rayu. Amma idan dukkan kawunansu suka tsira da shekaru 40, da kajin za su daina fada a tsakanin su kuma suna yin natsuwa. A cikin wuraren ɗorewar fata, yawanci ana cire kwai ɗaya daga masonry kuma mutane suna tayar da ita. A wannan yanayin, kajin biyu zasu tsira. Venian wasan sun sami damar bin iyayensu hoursan awanni kaɗan bayan tserewa daga gida. Lokacin da kajin suka isa ƙafafunsu, gabaɗaya suka fita daga gida kuma suka yi ritaya zuwa tundra. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a can kafin su tafi hunturu.
Abokan halitta na farin cranes
Hoto: Farar Crane
Fararen cranes manyan tsuntsaye ne masu girman kai, don haka manya a Siranian Cranes a cikin daji ba su da abokan gaba. Animalsan dabbobi kalilan su kuskure su kashe wannan tsuntsun. Amma yara kajin da kama na Cranes na Siberiya suna cikin haɗari koyaushe.
Maƙaddara Crane kamar:
Tsuntsayen barewa galibi suna tsoratar da majiyoyi da tilasta su barin mazaunin su, tsuntsaye sukan tsoratar da garken gida da mutane da karnuka. Nestlings wanda ya tsira zuwa tsufa ya kasance, bai isa ba idan an kiyaye kama kuma dattijo daga cikin mafi yawan mazaunin dattijon yakan kashe shi. Amma duk da haka, mutumin ya zama maƙiyi mafi haɗari ga waɗannan tsuntsayen. Ba ma mutane da kansu ba, amma salon rayuwar masarufinmu ya sanya Cranes na Siberian cikin hadarin lalata. Mutane suna karfafa kwarin kogin, busassun wuraren ajiya a cikin ɗabi'un halitta na waɗannan tsuntsaye, kuma babu wuraren hutawa da nishaɗin don Cranes na Siberian.
Farin cranes suna da matukar kulawa ga mazauninsu kuma suna zaune ne kusa da tafkuna, kuma a wuraren da mutane ba su iya zuwa. Idan tafkunan ruwa da kwari na bushewa, tsuntsaye na neman sabon wurin zama. Idan ba'a samo wannan ba, tsuntsayen kawai ba sa haifar da zuriya a wannan shekara. Kowace shekara, ƙanana da manya ke girma, kuma kajin da suke rayuwa har sukai ƙasa da haka. A yau, farin cranes an girma cikin bauta. A cikin gandun daji, gogaggen masana kwalliya na kula da ƙwai da kajin, lokacin da tsuntsaye suka girma, aika su su zauna cikin daji.
Barazanar da tsaro
Yawan ranan Cranes na Siberian a cikin daji a cikin duniya shine kawai 2900-3000, wanda ya sanya su a matsayi na uku daga ƙarshen a tsakanin duk nau'in crane. A lokaci guda, an rage yawan jama'ar Yankin na Siberian na Siberian zuwa mutum 20, wanda ya sanya shi a ƙarshen karewa. Tsuntsayen suna da matukar bukatar zama a wani wurin zama kuma ana daukar su jinsunan da suka fi dacewa da rayuwa a ruwa. Kodayake lokacin hijira lokacin hunturu mazaunin su na iya zama ya bambanta, tsuntsaye suna ciyarwa kuma suna kwana a cikin ruwa sosai.
Dangane da wasu yanayin rayuwa, manyan barazanar da ke tattare da rayuwar Siranian Cranes suna da alaƙa. Yawancin tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura a cikin hunturu zuwa rafin kogin na Yangtze a China, inda adadi mai yawa, birni, amfani da filayen noma da ginin tashar samar da iskar Harkokin Tsarin Uku ya rage wuraren zama na waɗannan tsuntsayen. A wuraren farauta, samar da mai da kuma magudan ruwa sune abubuwan da ke jawo raguwar jama'a. Kasashen yamma da ke Rasha, da ma a Pakistan, Afghanistan da wasu kasashe, na fuskantar barazanar farautar wadannan tsuntsayen.
Yunkurin kare Siranian Cranes ya fara ne a cikin 1970, tare da kirkiro Asusun Kare Crane na Duniya a 1973 da kuma rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Soviet da Amurka kan hadin gwiwar muhalli a 1974. Musamman, a shekara ta 1977-1978, an kawo qwai masu tattara namun daji zuwa sabon gidan ajiyar kayan crane a cikin jihar Wisconsin, daga nan kajin 7 ya tsinke, wanda ya aza harsashin ginin adadi mai yawa na asalin Siberian Cranes. An kirkiro irin wannan gandun daji a cikin 1979 a cikin USSR, a kan yankin reshen jihar Oka Biosphere.
Ganin cewa a cikin qwai biyu a karshe kaji daya kacal yake tsira da rai, masanan ilmin halitta sun cire kwai daya sun saka a cikin kayan. Bayan rasa abin da aka yi, matar tana iya sake ƙwai ƙwai, waɗannan ƙwai kuma sun tafi neman aikin ta hanyar wucin gadi. A yau, dubun dubatar Siranan Cranes suna cikin shinge a Belgium, China, Rasha da Amurka.
Baya ga samar da asusun ajiyar wuri, an yi wasu ƙoƙarin don adana ɗ an Adam na waɗannan tsuntsayen. A 1994, Asusun Kare Lafiya na Crane, tare da Yarjejeniyar Ciyar da Tsarin Migratory na Dabbobin daji (Yarjejeniyar Bonn, CMS), sun fito daga Jamus Takardar Bayanai game da Matakan Kariyar Crane, wanda jihohi 11 suka rattaba hannu, hanya daya ko wata da ke da alaƙa da mazaunin ko ƙaura daga cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen. A cikin ka’idar wannan yarjejeniya, masana masana daga Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Indiya, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan da Uzbekistan suna haduwa kowace shekara biyu don tattaunawa kan hanyoyin da za'a iya kiyaye Cranes na Siberian. Na musamman aikin "Sterkh" (Tsarin Tsibirin Siberian Crane na Ingilishi), wanda aikinsa shine adanawa da dawo da hadarin Siberian Crane na cikin yankin Yamal zuwa matakin samarda zaman kanta mai dorewa.
Don kiyaye yawan mutanen Yakut na Siberian Crane a China, an kirkiro ajiyar kasa a yankin Lake Poinhu. A cikin Rasha, an kirkiro da National Reserve Reshen Jamhuriyar Sakha (Yakutia) Kytalyk, wanda ake canzawa zuwa filin shakatawa na kasa, da Reshen Tarayya na Kunovatsky a cikin Yamal-Nenets District, da kuma Reshen Belozersky a cikin Yankin Tyumen.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Yaya wani farin crane ya yi kama?
Zuwa yau, yawan fararen hular kwano a duniya kusan mutane 3,000 ne kacal. Haka kuma, yawan yammacin Afirka na Siberian Cranes ya ƙunshi mutane 20 kawai. Wannan yana nufin cewa yammacin yamma na Siberian Cranes a gab da ƙarshen, kuma masu fatan ci gaban alumma sun yi kyau sosai. Bayan haka, tsuntsaye ba sa son yin kiwo a cikin mazauninsu na halitta, saboda kawai ba su da inda za su iya gina mazaunin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsayen suna da matukar kyau game da mazauninsu.
Yayin tashin jiragen sama, da kuma lokacin hunturu, Cranes na Siberiya zai iya tsayawa a wurare daban-daban, amma waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da iyaka musamman cikin ruwa mara iyaka, inda tsuntsaye suke kwana.
A lokacin sanyi, tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura zuwa Kwarin Sin kusa da Kogin Yangtze. A halin yanzu, mutane suna da ɗumbin jama'a, yawancin ƙasar da ke kusa da mazaunan Siranian Cranes ana amfani da ita ne saboda abubuwan noma. Kuma kamar yadda ka sani, Siberian Cranes baya yarda da keɓaɓɓu tare da mutane.
Bugu da kari, a kasarmu, a wuraren da ake farauta, ana fitar da mai sannan a zube fadamar. A Pakistan da Afghanistan, galibi ana farautar waɗannan tsuntsayen, amma tun ƙarshen shekarun 70s, an hana farautar Siranian Cranes a duk duniya. A halin yanzu, jinsunan Grus leucogeranus an jera su a cikin littafin Red kuma yana da matsayin nau'in halittar da ke gab da hallakawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana aiki mai kyau don kiyaye duka wannan nau'in da sauran wakilan dangin crane. An kirkiro asusun ajiya a Rasha. A kasar Sin, a wuraren hunturu na farin fararen kaya, an kirkiro wurin shakatawa.
“Hasken Fata”
Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, sama da Siberian Cranes 100 aka fito da su cikin yanayi. Koyaya, yawan mace-macen da ke cikin daji a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa shine kashi 50-70%. Adadin kumburin cranes na wucin gadi bai wuce 20% ba. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya suka fara neman ingantattun hanyoyi don haɓaka ƙimar rayuwar kajin da aka gabatar.
Horar da dabarun jirgi mai nisa da haɓaka hanyoyin ƙaura na da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun.Rashin cikakken jirgin sama da horo na kewayawa sosai yana rage damar da kajin ke gabatarwa don rayuwa. Specialwararrun Baƙi na Amurka sun sami nasarar magance wannan matsalar: sun yanke shawara su jagoranci kajin har zuwa lokacin ƙaura nan gaba tare da taimakon gurnar da mutum ke sarrafawa. Gaskiyar hanyar ita ce, sakamakon horo na musamman, kwanon da aka girma a cikin gandun daji sun tsinkayar da mai hango motocin a matsayin jagoran jakar kuma suna biye da shi zuwa wurin hunturu, suna tsayawa don hutawa a wuraren da aka zaɓa. Tare da wannan tsarin, sama da 90% na kajin da aka gabatar bayan hunturu da kansu sun koma wurin sakin. A karon farko kenan, irin wadannan jirage masu saukar ungulu domin horar da tsuntsayen sun fara aiwatar da binciken da Italiyanci Angelo D’Arrigo, wacce ta mutu cikin tsananin damuwa a 2006.
A shekara ta 2001-2002, masanan kimiyyar Rasha sun yi nazari dalla-dalla game da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyar Amurka don maido da yankin Siberian na Siberian na Yammacin Yamma kuma sun same shi mai ban sha'awa. A sakamakon haka, aka ɓullo da wani shiri na musamman don gabatar da sabon salo, wanda ake kira "Flight of Hope". Masu halartar shirin su ne Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa na Tarayyar Rasha, kwararru na Cibiyar Nazarin Duk-Rasha ta Yanayi, Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Rasha na Tarayyar Rasha, Reshen Jihar Oka Biosphere, Kamfanin man fetur da gas na ITERA, Asusun Sterkh, da masana kimiyya daga kasashe sama da goma na duniya. Babban mai gabatar da shirye-shirye na shirin ceto na Siberian Crane shi ne Alexander Sorokin, shugaban sashen nazarin halittu na Kwalejin Bincike Duk-Rasha na Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Al'adu na Tarayyar Rasha.
A cikin 2006, an gina gliders na zamani guda biyar, kuma tare da taimakonsu an ɗauko Jirgin Siberian a cikin jirgin sama mai tsayi. An kawo tsuntsayen daga Yamal zuwa Uzbekistan, inda suke shiga cikin katako masu launin toka kuma tuni sun tafi tare da su lokacin hunturu. Wani yunƙuri na sarrafa jirgin Siranian Cranes an yi shi a cikin 2012. An kawo garken Cranes na Siberian shida zuwa Reserve Federal Federal Reserve a yankin Tyumen, amma a wannan karon karɓar launin toka ba su yarda da Cranes na Siberian ba.
Don haɓaka wayar da kan mutane game da matsalar ƙarancin mazaunan Yankin Siberian na Siberian Cranes, a watan Afrilun 2012, an ƙaddamar da watsa shirye-shirye ta kan layi daga nunin Cranes na Siberian a cikin Oksky Reserve - “Haɗin Jirgin Sama. LIVE. " A cikin ainihin lokaci, ba tare da ɗauka da gyara ba, zaku iya lura da rayuwar biyu nau'i biyu na Siranian Cranes - daga bayyanar zuriyarsu har zuwa horar kajin a cikin tashi sama da ƙyalli.
Kariyar Crane mai Kyau
Hoto: Yaya wani farin crane ya yi kama?
A shekarar 1973, aka kafa Asusun Kare Hakkin Kasa. A shekarar 1974, an sanya hannu kan wata takaddama kan hadin gwiwa a fannin kare muhalli tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka. A shekara ta 1978, an kirkiro keɓaɓɓen gidan crane a cikin Winsconsin inda aka kawo qwai, farin cranes da ke cikin daji. Masana ilmin halitta daga Amurka sun ta da kajin kuma suka shigo da su cikin daji.
Yau a Rasha, China, Amurka da Beljiyam, masu ilimin haɓaka masana haɓaka kayan haɓaka suna haɓaka cranes a cikin yanayin ajiyar. Masana harkokin dabbobi, sanin sanin gasar tsakanin kawunan, sun dauki kwai ɗaya daga masonry kuma suna girma kajin a nasu. A lokaci guda, masana harkar ado suna ƙoƙarin kada a haɗa kajin ɗin ga mutum, kuma a yi amfani da kamanni na musamman don kula da kajin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don kulawa da kajin, masu ilimin kayan ado suna amfani da kayan fararen kaya na musamman, wannan na tunatar da mahaifiyarsu game da kajin. Matasa koya tashi kuma tare da taimakon mutum. Tsuntsaye suna tashi don karamin jirgin sama na musamman, wanda suke ɗauka don jagoran fakitin. Don haka tsuntsayen suke yin ƙaurin farko don ƙaura.
Zuwa yau, ana amfani da irin wannan jan hanun a kajin kaji a cikin Oka Reserve. Bugu da kari, wuraren shakatawa na kasa suna aiki a kan yankin Yakutia, Yamal-Nenets mai cin gashin kanta da kuma a Tyumen.
Farar fata tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki da gaske, kuma abin takaici ne cewa akwai fewan waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen kyawawan tsuntsaye a duniyarmu. Muyi fatan cewa kokarin masana kayan tarihi ba zai lalace ba, kuma kajin da aka tashe a zaman bauta zasu iya rayuwa cikin daji suyi kiwo.
A al'ada
Ga 'yan asalin Siberiya - Ubiyawa, Nenets, wasu - Siberian Crane - tsuntsu mai tsarki, abun ƙyamar juna, halin halayyar tatsuniyoyi, addini, bikin hutu, gami da hutun Bear. A lokacin da suke kewayen Cranes na Siberiya, yankin da ke kusa da su ya zama wurin ajiyar abubuwa. Don haka, ba wai kawai tsakanin Yakuts ba, Maraice, Kofiyoyi, Yukagirs, har ma a tsakanin mutanen Yammacin Siberiya, an yi imanin cewa haɗuwa tare da Siberian Crane yana ba da labari mai kyau, kuma lahani da ke haifar da farin crane yana haifar da masifa. Babban firist na Sakha Aiyy Umsuur Udagan ta tsare dutsen akan umarnin Dyilga-toyon, wanda a ciki ya rubuta da jinin sadaukarwa cewa Nyurgun zai zama shugaban kabilar Sakha. A cikin waƙoƙi da labarin almara na Sakha-Yakuts “Olonkho”, Tsararren Siberian tsuntsu ne, hoton da ya ɗauka wanda shahararrun samaniya da kayan adon duniya suke. 'Yan ƙasar Hungary da suka zo daga Siberiya musamman ma Sahayonan sun kawo ra'ayoyi game da sihirin fararen murran katun zuwa tarihin adabin Rasha da Turai.
Sterkh: fasali na waje
Siberian Crane nasa ne na halittar Cranes, dangin Cranes. Tsuntsu yayi girma - girmanta ya kama daga nari ɗari da arba'in zuwa ɗari da sittin santimita, nauyi kimanin kilo takwas. Fuka-fukin ɓoyayyen itace ya kama daga ɗari biyu zuwa goma zuwa ɗari biyu da talatin santimita, gwargwadon yawan jama'a.
Sai kawai a lokacin hijira na hunturu farin crane yana yin jirgin sama mai nisa. Estsararrakin Siberian Crane da gidaje a Rasha. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna sa ido sosai ta hanyar masana ilimin dabbobi.
Launi
Farin crane (Siberian Crane) yana da sifofi na halaye, saboda wanda yake da wahalar rikitar da shi da wani tsuntsu - dogo mai tsawo, wanda ke da kaifi a ƙarshensa. A kusa da idanu da baki babu gashinsa, kuma fentin fentin mai launin shuɗi mai launi kuma ana iya ganin sa daga nesa.
A jikin, gashin fuka-fukan da aka shirya a layuka biyu fararen fata ne, a jikin fikafikan a ƙarshen, layuka biyu baƙi ne. Kafafu suna da tsayi, mai ruwan hoda. Su kwararrun mataimaka ne na Siberian Crane a cikin busassun wurare: suna ba ku damar motsa saman kankara a cikin kwarowar viscous.
Da farko, idanun kajin suna shuɗi ne, to sai su sayi launin shuɗi. Farin crane (Siberian Crane) yana rayuwa na kusan shekara saba'in, ba tare da yin kafafan tallafi ba.
Habitat
Zuwa yau, akwai nau'ikan crane guda biyu na wannan nau'in. Livesaya yana zaune a yankin Arkhangelsk, kuma na biyu - a cikin Yamal-Nenets okrug. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai hankali - Crane Siberian. Farar fata, taƙaitaccen bayanin abin da aka bayar a cikin labarin, yana ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don kauce wa haɗuwa da mutane, kuma wannan ba a banza ba ne: bayan duk wannan, masu ba da agaji a yankuna da yawa suna jin daɗin rashin adalci.
Idan tsuntsu ya lura da mutum, zai bar gida. Sterkh na iya jefa jifa ba kawai, har ma an riga an yanyanka kajin. Saboda haka, ba a ba da shawarar rikitar da tsuntsaye a wannan lokacin ba. Farar fata, (Cutar Siberian Crane), wacce ke da iyaka kawai a cikin Rasha, na iya hunturu a Azerbaijan da Indiya, Afghanistan da Mongolia, China da Pakistan. A farkon Maris, murfi sun koma ƙasarsu.
A cikin Yakutia, Siberian Crane yana tafiya zuwa wurare masu nisa na tundra kuma yana zaɓar fadama maɓuɓɓuka da gandun daji marasa iyaka don sanyawa. Anan ya zauna har lokacin hijirarsa na hunturu.
Littafin Fina-Finan Rasha: Farar Crane (Siberian Crane)
Sterkh shine tsuntsu mafi girma daga danginsa. Yana haifar da rayuwar rayuwa mafi yawan ruwa, wanda yasa wahalarcececece tsiyar wannan nau'in daga rugujewa. Yanzu adadin mutanen Yakut bai wuce mutum dubu uku ba. Ga Yankin Siberian na Siberian na Yamma, yanayin yana da mahimmanci: babu fiye da mutum ashirin da suka ragu.
Sosai, karewar farin cranes aka magance shi a cikin 1970. An kirkiri wuraren kiwon dabbobi da kudaden ajiyar wuri inda masana ilimin halittar dabbobi ke tsiro da waɗannan tsuntsayen daga ƙwai. Suna koyar da kajin su tashi nesa da nesa. Koyaya, barazanar ta kasance cewa farin crane (Siberian Crane) zai ɓace gaba ɗaya. Red Book (na kasa da kasa) shima ya cika jerin sunayensa tare da wannan nau'in halitta mai haɗari. An haramta farauta wadannan tsuntsayen gaba daya.
Fatan sake haihuwa
Tun daga tsakiyar karni na karshe na ƙarni na karshe, an saki sama da farin cranes ɗari da aka haɓaka a cikin ɗabi'ar halitta. Abin takaici, irin kajin nan ba sa shan tushe sosai (babu sama da kashi 20%). Dalilin irin wannan babban adadin mace-mace shine rashin daidaituwa game da kewayawa, da kuma horo na jirgin sama, wanda iyaye ke bayarwa a vivo.
Masana kimiyyar Amurka sun yi kokarin gyara wannan matsalar. Sun kirkiro wani gwaji, jigon wanda shine gudanar da kajin a yayin amfani da gliders na mota. A cikin Rasha, ɓullo da wani shiri mai kama da wannan, wanda ake kira "Flight of Hope."
An gina gliders na motoci guda biyar a cikin 2006, kuma tare da taimakonsu an ɗauke matattarar Siberian Cranes a kan hanya mai nisa daga Yamal zuwa Uzbekistan, inda katako mai launin toka yake, kuma Cranes na Siber yana tare da su zuwa hunturu. A cikin 2012, Shugaba V. Putin ya halarci irin wannan shirin. Amma saboda wasu dalilai, wannan lokacin karɓar launin toka ba su karɓi Cranes na Siberian ba, kuma an tilasta masu ƙwararrun masanan kimiyya su kawo kajin bakwai zuwa cikin Belozersky Reserve a Tyumen.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A Indiya, ana kiran Sirenian Crane tsuntsu na Lily. Indira Gandhi ta ba da umarni (1981), wanda bisa ga abin da aka kirkiro da Keoladeo wurin zama a cikin lokacin da ake fararen fararen fararen kaya, a ciki ana lura da tsauraran tsarin mulki kuma an samar da yanayi mai kyau don kare waɗannan manyan tsuntsayen.
- Farin crane (Siberian Crane) ya shawo kan hanya mafi tsawo, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan cranes: fiye da kilomita dubu biyar da rabi. Sau biyu a shekara, waɗannan muryoyin suna tashi sama da ƙasashe tara.
- A Dagestan, yankin da Siranian Cranes ya ƙetare yayin ƙaura, wata kyakkyawar tatsuniya ta bayyana cewa Siranian Cranes rayukan sojoji ne da suka fadi. Legendan wasan ya kafa tushen shahararren waƙar, kalmomin Rasul Gamzatov ne aka rubuta.
- A cikin lokacin matse, farin murhu ba sa yin sa'o'i biyu a rana.
- Ga mutanen Mansi da Khati, farin kirin ya zama tsuntsu mai tsarki, abun nuna kabila, dabi'a mai mahimmanci a duk al'adun gargajiyar.
- Khatika din ba zai taba wahalar da Siraniyan Siberiya ba: akwai tabon rubutu da ba a rubuta ba akan ziyartar wuraren da farin ciyayi yake a bazara da bazara.
- Masana ilimin dabbobi suna la’akari da hanyar “iyaye masu rikon amana” da renon yara dabbobin a cikin hanyar zama ingantattun hanyoyin kiwon waddanan tsuntsaye. A cikin shari'ar farko, za a iya sanya qwai na farin cranes a cikin mazaunin furannin cranes. A na biyun, an ɗaga kajin a cikin ajiyar kaya, a cikin ware daga haɗuwa da mutane. Daga nan aka sake su zuwa cranes na daji manya.
Masana ilmin dabbobi suna ci gaba da ayyukan da aka tsara don adana wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu. Muna fatan cewa farin crane (Siberian Crane), bayanin abin da muka gabatar a wannan labarin, za'a kiyaye shi kuma kyakkyawan tsuntsu zai faranta mana rai tare da bayyanar shi tsawon lokaci.