Sunaye: warin wilks
Yankin: Ana samun wolf na Mexico a cikin kudanci na nahiyar - a cikin Sierra Madra da yammacin Mexico, kodayake kafin iyakar ta ya kai Arizona da New Mexico.
Bayanin: Smallestaramin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan asusu na Arewacin Amurka na ƙyar. Yana da dogayen kafafu da jiki mai santsi wanda yake taimaka masa gudu da sauri. Daga cikin dukkan karnukan kyarketai, kerket na Mexico yana da mafi tsayi.
Launi: Launi na wolf na Mexico shine haɗuwa da launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, da ja. Wutsiyarsa, ƙafafunsa da kunnuwansa galibi suna birgima cikin baƙi.
Girma: Tsawon Layi: 120-150 cm. Girma a kafadu: 70-80 cm.
Weight: 30-40 kg.
Tsawon rayuwa: A cikin zaman talala, tsira zuwa shekaru 15.
Wata murya: Takaddara ƙyar wolf na Mexico sun hada da howls, runls, da whimpers a cikin bambance daban-daban. Howling shine mafi kyawun hanyar sadarwa tsakanin mambobi na fakitin kuma alamar iyakokin yankinta. All Wolves suna da mutum, rarrabe kuka.
Habitat: Wolves na Mexico sun fi son zama cikin gandun daji, ciyawa da ciyayi.
Abokan gaba: Manan Adam da halakar mazauni sune babbar barazanar rayuwa.
Abinci: Kyarkeci na Mexico ya ci barewa, baffa, babban raguna, rago mai ƙararrawa (pronghorn - Antilocapra americana), zomaye, aladu daji da sauran ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, galibi maɓarnata. Koyaya, wani lokacin yakan farmaki dabbobi.
Halayyar: Karnukan kyarket na Mexico suna da kyakkyawan ji da ji ƙanshi. Sun yi nasarar amfani da su don gano da kuma samo abinci don kansu, kuma don sadarwa tare da sauran karnukan kyarketai. Suna kuma amfani da harshen jiki don sadarwa a cikin fakiti: maganganu masu ban tsoro, yanayin jikin mutum, da wasu motsi na al'ada.
Dogo da legsafaƙun kafafu suna dacewa da kyau don rufe ɗaruruwan kilomitoci akan farauta a cikin bincike da kuma bin ganima mai sauri.
Tsarin zamantakewa: Dabbobin dabbobi sosai. Kunshin kyarket na Mexico ya ƙunshi mutane 3-8: yawanci manya biyu da wasu dabbobi da yawa (zuriyarsu). Kunshin kyarket ɗin yana da hadaddun tsarin zamantakewar al'umma: tare da madaidaicin biyu: namiji alpha da mace alpha, wanda shine mafi yawan ɓangaren alhakin alhakin iyakokin ƙasa, kiyaye zaman lafiya tsakanin mambobi, da kuma yada garken. Wannan nau'in alpha shine kaɗai ke haɗa yara kuma suna haɓaka zuriya a cikin fakitin.
Ma'aurata da suka manyanta sukan zauna tare a duk tsawon rayuwarsu.
-An ƙananan masu raguna na garken galibi suna ƙulla dangantaka tsakanin su a cikin manyan matakan biyu: maza da mata dabam. Matsayi na manyan dabbobi da kuma na ƙasa waɗanda ke cikin garken yana taimaka wa ya zama ɗayan duka kuma jituwa mai jituwa.
Yankin garken yana alama ne da ƙamshi mai ƙanshi waɗanda aka sanya akan kwandon bishiyoyi, kan dutse da sauran abubuwa a kan hanyoyin su, da kuma matsayin jikunansu da muryoyinsu. Saboda wannan, garken makwabta da wuya suyi karo da juna daga kasashen waje, wadanda aka kirkiresu ta hanyar yin kuka da kamshi.
Kiwo: Girman ƙwayoyin wolf na Mexico a lokacin haihuwa shine kimanin 450 g. In ba haka ba, ci gaban su ya ci gaba, kamar yadda yake da kowane nau'in karnukan karnukan karnuka
Lokacin / kiwo: 'Yan kwikwiyo an haife su tsakanin tsakiyar Fabrairu zuwa tsakiyar Maris.
Ciki: Yana zaune kwanaki 63.
Zuriya: Al'ada (matsakaita) litaukar zurfin dabbobi shine 4-6 'yar tsana.
Amfana / cutar da mutane: Wasu lokuta kyarkeci yakan kawo hari ga dabbobi, musamman dabbobi. Don taimakawa rage tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin manoma da karnukan karnukan Mexico, Masu kare Kare daji (wata kungiyar kare kai mai zaman kanta) za a gyara lalacewar karnukan karnukan.
Yawan jama'a / kiyayewa: Wolf na Mexico da aka lasafta shi azaman jinsin dake cikin hadari a cikin 1976. A shekara ta 1960, an kashe wolf na Mexico ta ƙarshe da ke rayuwa cikin yanayi. A halin yanzu, kimanin karnukan karnukan Mexico guda 200 ana tsare da su.
Tun cikin shekarun 1990s, shirin na Mexico ya kasance don dawo da yawan kyarket na Mexico a cikin adadin da ya gabata. Manufar shirin sake buɗe shine don mayar da adadin karnukan karnuka a cikin yanayi ta 2008 zuwa aƙalla mutane 100.
Guy 5 ne kawai suka kama a Meziko tsakanin 1977 da 1980: maza huɗu da mace mai juna biyu, waɗanda suka kafa tushen fatar za su iya kiyayewa da kuma ad da su. Ppan wasan karnukan wolf na farko na Mexico an haife su ne a 1978 a filin Arizona-Sonora. An gano biyar daga cikin karnukan wolf na 11 da aka fara kashewa, amma wasu sun tsira kuma yanzu suna kiwo.
Kudi: Portal Zooclub
Lokacin sake maimaita wannan labarin, haɗin haɗin mai aiki zuwa tushen shine MALAMIYA, in ba haka ba, za a dauki amfani da labarin wannan cin zarafi ne na "Doka a Hakkin mallakar hakkin mallaka da na".
Canis lupus baileyi (Nelson da Goldman, 1929)
Range: matsanancin kudu maso yammacin Amurka, a cikin Mexico tsaunukan yamma na yammacin Sierra Madre.
Tarihi yana da tarihin gandun daji da ke kusa da makiyaya a cikin arewacin Mexico, da New Mexico, da Arizona da yankin Trans-Pecos da ke Yammacin Texas a tsawan 1200-1500 m, inda yankilates suke da yawa. Subsungiyoyin su ma suna iya zama a arewaci a kudanci Utah da kuma Kudancin Colorado a cikin yankuna na rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice tare da sauran ƙasusuwan ƙyar ƙyamar wolf na iya faruwa.
Sakamakon farauta da ba a tsara ba, tarko, da guba, wanda ya fara a ƙarshen 1800s, 'yan kalilan ne kawai na Mexico suka rage har ya zuwa shekarar 1950, kuma kisa na karshe na Mexico a Amurka ya kashe ta 1970.
Karamin wolf na Arewacin Amurka. Restarancin tashin hankali, mafi kusa da asalinnn jinsin yan kishin Arewa duka. Yawancin lokaci yana nauyin kilo 23-36, tsayin kafada 60-80 cm a kafada, tsayi daga hanci zuwa wutsiya kimanin 1.5 m (kimanin girman babban makiyayin Jamusanci).
Launi mai duhu ne sosai, mara nauyi, mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙari da sautin launin toka da madaidaicin murfin baƙi mai kyau a baya. Launin rigar yana iya bambanta, amma baƙar fata ko fari ba su wanzu.
A waje kama da coyotes kuma a wani ɗan bambancin nesa yana da wahala. Wolves na Mexico sun yi awo sau biyu sau biyu, suna da manya kuma masu iko sosai, kunnuwa masu zagaye, kafafu sun fi dacewa da tsawon jiki. Bambanci daga C. l. nubilus yana kan matsakaitan ƙarami, duhu a launi. Ganuwa mafi kyau da kuma wuta C. l. ƙarami. Na karnukan Palearctic, a fili, C. l. chanco - da farko fasalin da ke zaune a busassun tsaunukan Tibet.
Dabba ne ta zamantakewa, tana zaune cikin fakitoci, girmanta shine mutane 4-5. A garken ne mamaye biyu na mafi rinjaye, amma mafi yawanci kawai mafi rinjaye mace - wani lokacin tare da maza ba rinjaye. Sake yinsa daga ƙarshen hunturu zuwa farkon bazara. Bayan daukar ciki, kimanin kwanaki 63, mace na haihuwar 'ya' yan kwikwiyo 1 zuwa 6. Duk membobin fakitin suna kula da 'yan kwikwiyo kuma suna ciyar da su. Manya na iya yin tafiye-tafiye da yawa don samun abinci, da dawowa cikin ramin, ciyar da 'yan kwikwiyo, da ƙin abinci mai narkewa.
Matasa sun balaga da jima'i da kimanin shekara 2 da haihuwa.
Abincin magabatan ya hada da zomaye, dabbobin ƙasa da bera, amma an zaɓi fifiko ga manyan ungulates (moose, deer da antelopes). Kodayake wani lokacin suna farautar dabbobi, yawancin lokaci wannan yakan faru ne kawai a cikin waɗannan lokuta yayin da tushen abincin abincin daji bai isa ba don tallafa wa garken.
A cikin 1991, an kirkiro wani shirin sake sarrafa abubuwa. Daga cikin mutane 7 da aka kama a arewacin Meksiko, yawan fursunoni ya fara zama. A cikin 1998, sake farawa da karnukan Mexico da ke fursuna a cikin daji ya fara daga yankin Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area (BRWRA) a cikin yankunan Arizona da New Mexico. 11 Aka sake yin kyarketan Mexico a kungiyoyi uku daban-daban a dajin Apache na cikin Arizona. An sake wasu karnukan kyarkeci guda 9 cikin kungiyoyi biyu a cikin Gila National Forest arewa na Silver City a 2000, kuma a cikin bazara na wannan shekara, farkon wolf na Mexico a cikin shekaru 70 an haife shi a New Mexico.
An tsara ƙididdigar karnukan Wolves a matsayin "gwaji", wanda ke ba da damar karnuka su bazu a cikin wannan gandun daji na ƙasar. Salon sunan “gwaji” ya ba masu bincike damar tarko da motsi dabbobin da ke kai hari kan dabbobi ko kuma wuce yankunan da za a iya samu.
Burin samar da -an kai na mutane kusan 100 har yanzu ba a cimma nasara ba. Sakamakon bautar da jama'a, yawan jama'a a yanzu shine karnuka 58 da ke rubuce tun daga Mayu 2012.
Dokar tarayya a kiyaye ta Wolves ta kare Wolves. Hukuncin harbi wolf na iya hadawa da shekara 1 a kurkuku da tarar $ 50,000, da ƙarin tara tara daga jihar New Mexico saboda keta dokar kare gandun daji.
Sakamakon jimlar $ 45,000 saboda bayanan da suka kai ga kamawa da kuma gurfanar da masu laifin ba da tallafi daga hukumomin tarayya da na jihohi, gami da kungiyoyin muhalli.
Bayanin Wolf na Mexico
Wolf na Mexico shine mafi ƙarancin wakilin karnukan kyar na Arewacin Amurka. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 150 cm, kuma tsayi a kafadu ya tashi daga 70 zuwa 80 cm.
Yawan jikin wolf na Mexico bai wuce kilo 30-40 ba. Jikin yana da laushi kuma kafafu suna da tsawo, don karnukan Mexico na iya gudu da sauri. Daga cikin dukkan karnukan kyarketai, mutumin Mexico yana da mafi tsayi.
Launin gashi yana haɗaka sautunan launin ruwan kasa, ja da launin toka. Wutsiya, kunnuwa da paws na iya zama baƙi.
Vesasar Mexico ta Wolves
Wolves na Mexico sun fi son gandun daji, wuraren da aka rufe da ciyayi da makiyaya.
Wolf na Mexico (Canis lupus baileyi).
Wadannan magabatan suna da kyakkyawan ji da wari. Wolves sun sami nasarar amfani da waɗannan halayen don gano waɗanda aka cutar da kuma sadarwa tare da irin nasu. Hakanan suna sadarwa tare da dangi ta hanyar harshen jiki: fuskoki, fuskokin fuskoki, wasu motsi na al'ada. A yayin farautar ganima, suna iya shawo kan ɗaruruwan kilomita, a cikin abin da ƙarfi da dogayen kafafu ke taimaka musu.
Karnukan kyarket na Mexico na iya yin ihu, yin kuka da tsima, kuma suna haifar da waɗannan saututtukan cikin maganganu daban-daban. Mafi sau da yawa, membobin fakitin suna magana da juna ta amfani da kuka, ta wannan hanyar suna ba da rahoton cewa an mamaye yankin. Kowane mutum kuka kowa da kowa ne.
Membobin ƙungiyar kyarket ɗin suna magana da juna ta yin amfani da sautuka daban-daban, musamman - hawaye.
Karnukan kyarketan Mexico suna farauta a kan biri, barewa, raguna da katako, tururuwa, aladu na daji, zomaye da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, galibi maɓarnata. Amma wani lokacin sukan kaiwa dabbobi hari.
Babban maqiyan karnukan wolf na Mexico mutane ne, saboda suna lalata mahalli na wannan dabbobin, ta hakan ke haifar da babbar barazana ga wanzuwar jinsin. Tsawon rayuwar wolan karnukan Mexico a cikin bauta ya kai shekara 15.
Tsarin zamantakewa na karnukan warkoki
Waɗannan dabbobi masu halayyar jama'a ne. A garken yana zaune daga mutane 3 zuwa 8, galibi yakan kasance 2 dabbobin manya da matasa. Taron karnukan wolf yana kiyaye hadaddun tsarin zamantakewa. Babban garken shine mafi girman mata - maza da mata, su ne waɗanda galibi ke kula da kiyaye iyakokin rukunin yanar gizon, kiyaye tsari cikin dangi da kuma haihuwa. Wannan 'yan biyu kaɗai ke iya yin asali da zuriya.
Mace da namiji suna zama tare, a matsayin mai mulki, a duk rayuwa.
Sauran membobin garken suna da ƙananan matsayi, a tsakanin su galibi ana kafa matsayi a matakai biyu: dabam tsakanin mata da tsakanin maza. Tsarin tsarin wucin gadi na fakitin karnukan karnuka yana taimaka musu su zama gaba ɗaya.
A garken yana alamar yankinsa tare da taimakon ƙamshin ƙanshi a kan dutse, gungumen itace, tare da hanyoyi da makamantansu. Hakanan, kamar yadda aka sani, karnukan karnuka suna yin kuka suna cewa shafin ya mamaye wurin. Godiya ga waɗannan dabaru, ba a samun dabbobin maƙwabta da juna.
Kiwo 'yan karnukan fari
Lokacin kiwo na karnukan kyar na Mexico ya faɗi a tsakiyar Fabrairu - tsakiyar Maris. Ciki yakan cika kwanaki 63. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, a matsayin mai mulkin, jarirai 4-6. Lokacin haihuwa, cuban wolf na nauyin nauyin 450. Vesarnukan kyarket na Mexico suna girma kamar yadda sauran karnukan karnuka.
A shekara ta 1960, an kashe wolf na Mexico ta ƙarshe da ke rayuwa cikin yanayi.
Wolves Wolves da mutane
Wani lokaci kyarkewan Mexico suna kai hari kan dabbobi, galibi yara matasa. Wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna Defenders of Wildlife ta sake biyan kudin karnukan Wolves ga manoma. Sunyi hakan ne domin hana manoma harbi maharan. Amma kisa na karshe na Mexico ya mutu a shekarar 1960 a cikin daji.
A halin yanzu, kimanin karnukan karnukan Mexico guda 200 ana tsare da su. Tun cikin shekarun 1990s, ana aiwatar da shirin Mexico don dawo da karnukan karnuka zuwa yanayi a cikin asalin su. Manufar shine sake haɓaka karnukan kyarketai, aƙalla mutane kusan 100.
Mutane ba da gangan suka harbe Wolves daga daji suka kama dubun dubatan, kuma yanzu ana kashe miliyoyin daloli akan shirye-shiryen maido da adadin wadannan dabbobin.
Tushen kungiyar, wanda ke da niyyar ceto karnukan Mexico, mutane 5 ne kawai aka kama a Meziko. Obtainedan kwikwiyo na farko daga waɗannan mutanen an samu su ne a shekarar 1978 a gidan shakatawa na Arizona-Sonora. 11 Wolves an sake farfadowa cikin dabi'a, amma 5 daga cikinsu sun mutu. Sauran mutanen sun yi nasarar tsira kuma a yau sun yi kiwo. Amma Wolves na Mexico ana ganin tallafin kuɗi ne a ƙarƙashin barazanar rushewa.
Wannan wani misali ne na yadda mutane suke da alaƙa da alaƙa da halitta da dabbobi. Idan mutane ba su koyi kulawa da yanayi ba, to, zai zama mummunan da'irar kuma aikin ci gaba da kiwo dabbobi zai ci gaba har abada. Amma mafi munin abu shine cewa waɗannan ayyukan ba koyaushe suke nasara ba, kuma yawancin dabbobi iri sun riga sun ɓace daga fuskar Duniya ta hanyar laifin mutane.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
[gyara] Tallafin da aka tallata
A halin yanzu, batun rarrabe Italiyanci cikin rabe-raben tallafi (Canus lupus italicus) da kuma Ikon Iberiya (Canis lupus sa hannu) Karnukan karnukan Italiyanci da Iberiya sun bambanta da kyar da Eolf na Wolves, kuma, a cewar masu binciken, ana iya bambanta su da wasu ƙasashe dabam.
Karatun binciken kwanannan ya nuna cewa kyarkeken Indiya na iya zama wata halitta daban. An samo irin wannan sakamakon ga kyar Tibet, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙarancin wolf na talakawa.
Don wani ɗan lokaci yanzu, labarin da ake kira "lyre wolf", gama gari a Kudancin Amurka, yana ta yawo a yanar gizo. Bayanin sa tare da hotunan.