Puma babban wakili ne na gidan cat, wanda yake da ƙarfi, alheri da kyau. Shekaru da yawa wannan ...

Puma babban wakili ne na gidan cat, wanda yake da ƙarfi, alheri da kyau. Shekaru da yawa, wannan maƙiyin yana ɗaukar ci gaba da sha'awar masu ilimin halitta. A ina ne cougar ke zaune, kuma wane irin salon rayuwar wannan babban cat ke jagoranci?

A kan waɗanne nahiyoyi ne, a cikin wace ƙasashe ne cougar ke rayuwa

Puma, wanda kuma ake kira cougar ko zaki mai azurfa, tare da jaguar da aka gani, ana ɗauka shine kawai maƙiyin da ke zaune a Amurka. Yankin cougar ya mamaye kusan dukkanin nahiyar. Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, cougars sun rayu a kan yankin da suke mamaye a kudu da Argentina ta yanzu kuma suka isa Alaska da Kanada.

Yawan dabbobi na zamani sun kumbura sosai: ana iya samunsu a Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, kuma a arewacin nahiyar dabbar ba ta zama a ko’ina, amma a ɓangaren yamma da Florida kawai. Cougars baya son latitude na arewa kuma sun gwammace su zauna a wurare masu tsaunuka, gujewa filaye, kodayake suna da damar zama a cikin ƙananan wurare, ciyawar ciyawa ko yankuna masu fadama. Cougars kuma zauna cikin gandun daji coniferous.

Yawancin karatu sun haifar da yanke hukuncin cewa cougar yana zaune inda aka lura da yawan rarrashin daji. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda waɗannan herbivores sune manyan abubuwan farauta su na zaki.

A masarautar dabbobin zamani, akwai asusu 6 na cougars, 5 daga cikinsu suna zaune a Latin Amurka. Cats da ke zaune a cikin sararin bude sararin Arewacin Amurka ana kiransu ƙananan tallafin Arewa. A cikin Argentina, abin da ake kira zaki dutsen dutsen na zaune, a kusa da Costa Rica akwai wani ƙaramin pean ƙaramar cougar, wanda ba zai iya jure gasar jaguars ba. Haka nan akwai kuɗin shiga na Kudancin Amurka na cougars da ke zaune a Peru, Venezuela, Columbia, da arewacin Brazil.

Bayani, girma da kuma tsawon rayuwa

Zakin zakoki na iya kaiwa tsawon mil 2 da tsawansu a ƙasan 1 m. Mutane manya sunkai kilogiram 80-100 (maza) da kilo 50 (na mata). Mayafin cougar gajere ne kuma mai kauri, yana da launin shuɗi. A wannan yanayin, babban sashin jikin cat yana da duhu fiye da ƙananan, kuma toshe baki suna bayyana akan kunnuwa da ƙisa.

Cougars suna da hakora masu ƙarfi da jaws, yana daga gare su, a matsayin mai mulkin, za ku iya ƙayyade shekarun magabacin. Kafafun hular sun fi gaban girma, wanda ke taimakawa cougar hawa bishiyoyi da tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe. Hannun kafafunsu na sanye suna sanye da yatsunsu huɗu, yayin da forelimbs suna sanye take da biyar.

Wutsiya mai ƙarfi da tsayi tana taimaka musu wajen kiyaye ma'auni yayin tsalle. Tsawon tsalle na cat zai iya zama 7 m, kuma tsayin 2 m. Don neman ganima, cougars na iya hanzarta zuwa 50 km / h. A cikin daji, cougar zai taimaka rayuwa kusan shekaru 20.

Rayuwar mai tsinkaye

Cougars sune masu cin gashin kansu, sai dai idan, ba shakka, muna magana ne game da ma'aurata game da fara zuriya. Amma koda irin wadannan tandams suna fashewa bayan haduwar mace, da kuliyoyi suka koma zaman zaman su.

Wadannan manyan dabbobi suna yin aiki dare da rana, amma galibi a farkon dare ne. Yankunan da suke ganin kansu ne, cougars alama tare da fitsari da bishiyoyi na musamman.

Xarfafawa da motsi suna ba su damar hawa mafi girma daga rassan bishiyoyi, farauta da birai. Ba zai zama da wahala wannan maharbin ya kama kogo mai sauri ba tare da Nano. A cikin daji, cougar ba shi da abokan gaba, dabba mara lafiya kawai na iya zama ganima ga jaguar, alligator ko Wolves. Cougars ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa ka guji haɗuwa da mutum kuma ka kai masa hari kawai tare da haƙiƙanin barazanar da ke zuwa daga ƙafafun biyu.

Abinci a cikin yanayin rayuwa

Harshen farauta na puma yana da faɗi sosai kuma yana iya zama 100-700 km2. Yayin farauta, cougar ya yi kwanto kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya fado kan abin da ba ya tsammani. Yana da wahala a gare su su jimre wa manyan dabbobi, alal misali, bijimai. Sabili da haka, maƙiyin ya tafi cikin abin zamba, ta amfani da hanyar abin mamaki. Yana zaune a saman ganima, cougar yana latsawa a wuyansa da baya tare da duk nauyin sa. Babban cat ko dai ya digo cikin amai na wanda aka azabtar ko ya karya wuyansa tare da matsa lamba daga jikinta. Koyaya, zaki mai tsaunin ba ya ƙin ƙananan dabbobi.

Zai yiwu a haɗa waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin abincin cougar:

• daban-daban na barewa,
• bera, zomaye,
• coyotes, lynxes,
• kadara, yanki,
• baranda, beavers,
• squirrels, raccoons, skunks.

A cikin lokutan jin yunwa, cougars na iya yin ayyukan cin naman mutane ta hanyar cin danginsu.

Idan ya cancanta, cougar zai kuma taimaka wajen cin tsuntsaye, kifi, katantanwa ko kwari. A cat m, farauta, rushes a adult grizzly Bears da alligators. Cougar bai bambanta tsakanin dabbobin daji da waɗanda ke zaune kusa da ɗan adam ba, don haka yana iya farautar kaji ko dabbobi. Koda kuliyoyi ko karnuka zasu iya fada ƙarƙashin zafin zaki.

Shin kun sani? A shekara, cougar da ya girma ɗaya na iya cin abinci daga kilogram 860 zuwa 1300 na nama. A cikin jimlar taro, makamancin kama kusan 50 ne. Cougars suna da daidaituwa na lalata samarwa tare da gefe, i.e. A cikin adadin da suka wuce abin da suke buƙata don gamsar da yunwar su. Baƙon da suka gano game da wannan koyaushe suna kallon maƙiyin, suna ɗaukar wasan da suka binne. Koyaya, wannan na ƙarshen ya kasance gabaɗaya.

Bayyanar

Puma shine ɗan itacen da ke girma a duniya, na biyu kuma a Amurka, damisa, zaki da jaguar ne mafi girma. Wannan cat ya kai tsawon 100-180 cm, tare da tsawon wutsiya na 60-75 cm, tsayi a cikin ƙishirwa na 60-90 cm kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 105 (maza). Ordinaryarancin talakawa na yau da kullun sunkai kimanin kilogram 60-80. Mace sunkai kusan 20-30% fiye da maza.

Jikin ɗan cougar yana da sassauƙa da elongated, kafafu sun yi ƙasa, kai yana da ɗan ƙarami. Hannun kafaffun na baya sun fi girma sama da gaban. Wutsiya tana da tsayi, tsoka, a ko'ina.

Hannun ƙafafun suna da faɗi, tare da kaifi, yatsan hutu, yatsunsu 4 akan kafafu, da guda 5 akan goshin .. Ana amfani da dakar dakaɗawa don kamawa da riƙe ganima, har zuwa hawa bishiyoyi. Hannun yatsun yatsu sune m, a kan diddige diddige akwai madaidaitan lobes guda uku - alama ce gama gari ga duk kuliyoyi.

Cougar yana da hakora talatin: 6 incisis, 6 canines, 6 (a saman) da 4 (a kan ƙananan) premolar da motsi 2 a kan muƙamuƙi. Tsarin hakori: I 3 3 C 1 1 P 3 2 M 1 1 = 30 < nunistyle I <3 akan 3> C <1 akan 1> P <3 akan 2> M <1 akan 1> = 30 >. Ana amfani da dogayen tsummoki don kama ganima kuma su soke fata da tsokoki, ƙaramin incisors suna aiki don cire ulu ko gashin fuka-fuki daga ganima. Strongaƙƙarfan hakora na wannan cat ana dacewa da su don kwantar da hankali nama da karya kasusuwa.

Halin hakora na ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamu a cikin tantance shekarun cat. Teethan madara a cikin cougars ya ɓarke ​​tsawon watanni 4 na rayuwa. Tsayayyen hakora zasu fara farawa ne da watanni 6-8, kuma har ya zuwa shekaru 1.5-2 gaba daya suka fashe. Tare da shekaru, tsintsaye da manyan abubuwan fashewa suna nika sosai da duhu.

Jawo danshi yana da kauri, amma gajera da mara nauyi. Tare da jaguarundi, cougars sune kawai kuliran Amurkawan da aka fentin su da launi iri ɗaya, saboda haka sunan kimiyya na wannan nau'in concolor, wanda ke fassara daga Latin a matsayin "monochrome". A cikin tsofaffi, pumas mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa, launin ƙananan ɓangaren jiki yana da sauƙi fiye da na sama. Gabaɗaya, launi na pumas yayi kama da launi na babban abincinsu, dabbar. A kirji, makogwaro da ciki na cougar akwai alamun fari, a jikin mucks akwai alamun baƙi, kunnuwa suna da duhu, wutsiya mai ɗauke da baki. Cougars daga wurare masu zafi suna ƙanana da ja, yayin da cogars na arewacin yayi launin toka.

Launin matasa cougars ya banbanta da na manya. Gashin kansu ya yi kauri, rufe da duhu duhu, ratsi a gaban da gaban kafafunsu, kuma zobba a wutsiyoyi. Coan kwayayen jarirai sun buɗe idanun su sati 2 bayan haihuwa. Da farko, suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, amma bayan watanni shida sannu a hankali ya canza zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko amber. A tabo a kan Jawo fara Fare bayan watanni 9 na rayuwa, kuma gaba daya bace cikin shekaru biyu.

An san cewa haske har ma da farin cougars, har da masu duhu masu duhu, ana samun su a Latin Amurka ta ƙarshe (J. Buffon ya bayyana shi a matsayin couguar noire) Albino cougars da melanists ba a sani ba cikin yanayi.

Rarraba da Biyan Kuɗi

Tarihi, dodo ya kasance mafi girma a cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a Amurka. Har wa yau, cikin sharuddan latitude, puma ya iya zama kamar (daga felines) kawai tare da trot na kowa, jan trot, cat daji da damisa. Da farko, an samo cougars kusan ko'ina daga kudu na Patagonia zuwa kudu maso Alaska, yankin da aka rarraba shi daidai da kewayon babban abincinsa - dabbar iri. Yanzu a Amurka da Kanada, an kiyaye cougar a yawancin yankunan tsaunukan yamma. A gabashin Arewacin Amurka, an lalata cougar gabaɗaya, ban da ƙananan pean tsirarun masu karamin karfi Puma concolor coryi a Florida.

A halin yanzu, yanki na puma ya ninka zuwa 100 ° latitude - daga Yukon (Kanada) da kuma zuwa kudu, yana rufe kusan dukkanin Kudancin Amurka dama har zuwa Patagonia.

Ugungiyar Cougar

Tsohuwar rarrabuwa, wanda aka danganta da halayen halittun halittun dabbobi, wanda aka adana har zuwa 1999, aka kasafta kusan kashi 24-30 na cougar:

• Puma concolor acrocodia - Daga kudu maso gabas Mato Grosso zuwa Bolivia da arewacin Argentina,
• Puma concolor anthonyi - kudancin Venezuela,
• Puma concolor araucanus - Chile da Argentina,
• Pent concolor azteca - daga Arizona da New Mexico zuwa Mexico City,
• Puma concolor bangsi, wanda aka samo a arewacin Andes, daga yammacin Kolombiya zuwa Ekwado,
• Puma concolor browni - Daga Arizona A Baja California (Mexico),
• Puma concolor californica, wanda aka samo a California da arewacin Baja California,
• Puma concolor concolor - galibi Venezuela, Guyana,
• Florida Cougar ( Puma concolor coryi ) gudu daga Arkansas da Louisiana zuwa Florida,
• Cougar Costa Rican ( Puma concolor costaricensis) ana samunsa a Tsakiyar Amurka, daga Nicaragua zuwa Panama,
• Cougar Oriental Puma concolor couguar) an samo shi a arewa maso gabashin Amurka da kudu maso gabashin Kanada, daga Tennessee zuwa gabashin Michigan,
• Puma concolor mai bincike - Amazonia,
• Puma concolor concolor - Daga Dakota zuwa Wyoming da Colorado,
• Puma concolor improcera - Kudancin Baja California
• Puma concolor incarum - arewacin Peru da kuma kudu maso Ecuador,
• Puma concolor kaibabensis - Nevada, Utah da Arizona ta Arewa,
• Puma concolor mayensis - daga Guerrero da Veracruz (Mexico) zuwa Honduras,
• Faharizan Puma consolor missoulensis - daga British Columbia zuwa Idaho da Montana,
• Puma concolor oregonensis - kudu maso gabas na British Columbia, Washington da Oregon,
• Osgoodi na Puma concolor, a cikin Bolivian Andes,
• Puma concolor patagonica - Patagonia,
• Puma concolor pearsoni - Patagonia da Kudancin Chile,
• Puma concolor pumasamu a tsakiyar Chile da kuma yammacin Argentina,
• Puma concolor soderstromiYarjejeniyar Ecuadorian
• Puma concolor shorgeri - daga Minnesota da Wisconsin zuwa Kansas da Missouri (ƙarewa),
• Puma concolor stanleyana - daga Oklahoma da Texas zuwa arewa maso gabashin Mexico,
• Pco concolor vancouverensis, tallafin labarai game da. Vancouver

Tsarin zamani

Fitowar zamani, dangane da binciken kwayoyin, ya bambanta rabe-raben cougar guda 6, waɗanda a haɗe suke da rukuni na 6 na ilimin halittar jini:

• Puma concolor couguar - Arewacin Amurka (daga Kudancin Kanada zuwa Guatemala da Belize),
• Puma concolor costaricensis - Amurka ta tsakiya (Nicaragua, Costa Rica da Panama),
• Pric concolor capricornensis - gabashin yankin Kudancin Amurka (daga kudancin tekun na Amazon a Brazil zuwa Paraguay),
• Puma concolor concolor - Kudancin Arewacin Kudancin Amurka (Kolumbia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ekwado, Peru, Bolivia),
• Puma concolor cabrerae - tsakiyar yankin Kudancin Amurka (arewa maso gabashin Argentina, Uruguay),
• Puma concolor puma - Kudancin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka (Chile, kudu maso yammacin Argentina).

Cougar Florida

• Cougar Florida (Puma concolor coryi) Shin mafi sauƙin haɗarin cougar. Yawaitar yanayi a cikin 2011 ya kasance fiye da mutane 160 (kuma a cikin 1970s ya ragu zuwa kusan mutane 20). Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da fadama na kudancin Florida (Amurka), galibi a cikin ajiyayyun wuri.Babban Tsarin National Cypress. Dalilin da ya sa ya ƙare ya kasance shine fadama fadama, farauta, shayi da kuma ƙarancin abubuwan halittar, wanda yake haifar da haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Florida cougar yana da ɗan ƙarami a girma kuma yana da manyan paws. Launin gashi mai duhu ne, mai launin ja. Sakamakon inbreeding, mutane na waɗannan ƙasashen sun sami rukunin wutsiya mai lanƙwasa. Akwai shirin tsallake cougars na Florida tare da cougars na wasu ƙasashe don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin zaman jama'a, mai sarrafa kansa.

Wani asusun tallafi na Gabashin Amurka, Wisconsin cougar (Puma concolor shorgeri), ya mutu daga shekarar 1925

Rayuwa & Abinci

Ana samun cougars a tsaunuka daban-daban - daga filayen har zuwa tsaunika da tsayin 4700 m sama da matakin teku, kuma a cikin shimfidar wurare daban-daban: a cikin gandun daji na dutse, a cikin gandun daji mai zafi, a kan tudu, a cikin pampas, a cikin tsaunukan rami mai lalacewa da kuma gabaɗaya a kowane yanki da ke samarwa suna da isasshen abinci da matsuguni. Koyaya, a Kudancin Amurka, cougars suna ƙoƙarin guje wa ƙananan ciyayi da ƙananan wuraren da jaguars suka zaɓa. Wadannan dabbobin an daidaita su sosai ga rayuwa akan yanayin kasa. Don haka, godiya ga gabobin tsokarsu, sun sami damar tsalle zuwa 6 m tsayi da tsayi 2,5 m, don gudu da sauri zuwa 50 km / h (albeit ga ɗan nesa). Puma a hankali yana motsawa tare da tsaunin tuddai, yana hawa bishiyoyi da kan dutse daidai kuma, in ya cancanta, ya iyo sosai.

Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, cougar dabba ce mai natsuwa. Ya yi sautin kukan, mai kama da kukan mutane, tana fitowa ne kawai a lokacin matsewa.

Cougars yana jagoranci daɗaɗɗen salon rayuwa (banbancin ma'aurata ne a cikin kwanakin 1-6 na lokacin dantakarar uwa da uwaye tare da kittens). Yawancin adadin jama'arsu, ya danganta da kasancewa na wasa, ya bambanta daga mutum ɗaya ta 85 km² zuwa mutane 13 daga 54 km². Yankin farauta na cougar mace yana ɗaukar daga 26 zuwa 350 km² kuma yawanci yana kan gefen maza. Shirye-shiryen maza zasu mamaye daga 140 zuwa 760 km² kuma basu taɓa karkatarwa ba. Ba safai ake ganin maza da yawa tare ba, ban da samarin cougars waɗanda suka bar mahaifiyarsu. A cikin dabarun sa, puma tana yin motsi na lokaci, hunturu da tashi cikin sassa daban-daban. Iyakokin yankin suna da alamar fitsari da feza, har ma da tarkace a jikin bishiyoyi.

Puma yawanci farauta da daddare. Ga mafi yawan ɓangaren, abincinsa ya ƙunshi mafi yawan ungulates: launin fata-fari, fari-tails, pampas deer, wapiti (dabbar ja ta Amurka), muwa, caribou, dabbobi masu kauri da dabbobi. Koyaya, cougar zai iya ciyar da dabbobi da yawa - daga mice, squirrels, mallaki, zomaye, muskrats, gangara, agouti, birai, tanda, giya na Kanada, rakoons, skunks da armadillos, zuwa coyotes, lynxes, alligators har ma da sauran cougars. Hakanan suna cin tsuntsaye, kifi, har ma da snails da kwari. Kamar damisayoyi da damisa, cougar ba ya bambanta tsakanin dabbobin daji da na gida, da kai hari kan dabbobi, karnuka, kuliyoyi da kaji lokacin da damar ta samu. Koyaya, yakan yanyanka dabbobi da yawa fiye da yadda za su ci. Cougar na iya kai hari ga dabbobin barbals, kuma akwai kwararan kwararan hujjoji da ke bayyana kararrakin kwalaron dabbobin da ke lalata manyan barbals ko ma gurneti. Alfred Brem ya bayyana wannan cat a matsayin dabba mai kwazo da jaruntaka.

Lokacin farauta, puma yawanci yana amfani da abin mamaki - yana cakuɗa zuwa babban ganima, sannan ya tsugunna a bayanta kusa da kusa ya karya wuyanta ta amfani da suturar jikinta, ko, kamar sauran kuliyoyi, sai ta kama makogwaronta da haƙoranta har ta fara jikewa. Puaya daga cikin puma tana cin kilogram 860 - 1300 na nama a shekara, wato, kimanin 48 ungulates. Cougars yana ɓoye naman da ba a gama ba, yana jan shi kuma ya yi barci tare da ganye, itacen goro ko dusar ƙanƙara. Sukan koma wurin ɓoye, wani lokacin maimaitawa.Cougar ya sami damar jan gawa zuwa nesa mai nisan gaske, sau biyar gwargwadon nauyin sa. Kabilun Indiyawan da ke zaune a Kudancin Kalifoniya sun yi amfani da wannan dabi'ar, suna ɗaukar gawawwaki waɗanda ba duka ba ne kuma ba a ji su ba.

Pirma ba shi da abokan gaba, amma sauran masu farautar na iya haifar da haɗari ga farce: jaguars, makarantun karnuka, ƙwaya, bea, baƙar fata, baƙi baƙi da kuma manyan alligators na Mississippi. Grizzlies da baribals dangane da aikin cougar a matsayin ɓoyayye, mai ɗanɗano wani ɓangaren ganima

Kai hari kan mutane

Ba kamar yawancin kuliyoyin kuli-kuli ba, cougars ke da wuya kaiwa mutane hari, sun gwammace su guji su. Tsakanin 1890 da Janairu 2004, kusan rikodin ɗari aka rubuta a Amurka da Kanada, mafi yawan abin da ya faru ya faru ne kawai a tsibirin Vancouver. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa yara ne ko kuma gajerun mutane, kuma harin ya faru ne a almuru ko da dare. Cougars na iya samun sauƙin farfadowa idan mutum yayi motsi da sauri kuma shi kaɗai.

Kiwo

Pumas bashi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, kodayake a cikin latitude arewacin ana yawanci shimfida shi daga Disamba zuwa Maris. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin, kamar yadda ake samu a sauran kuliyoyi, tana yawan faɗa da faɗa da kukan mace da yawa na maza, namiji yana ƙoƙarin rufe duk macen da ke zaune a ƙasarta. Estrus a cikin mace yana kimanin kwanaki 9.

Lokacin haihuwar shine kwanaki 82-96. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi daga 1 zuwa 6 cubs masu nauyin 226-453 g da tsayin kusan cm 30 launin su launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ne, canji yana da shekara ɗaya. Idanun Kittens sun bude bayan kwanaki 8-10. A lokaci guda, hakoransu na farko suka fashe kuma suka fara wasa. Lokacin da ya kai makonni 6, sun fara cin abincin manya, amma sun ci gaba da karɓar madara. A wannan lokacin, dole ne mahaifiyar ta kawo ganima sau uku fiye da yadda aka saba. Har zuwa watanni 15-26, yaran sun kasance tare da mahaifiyarsu, sannan kuma ku je ku nemi dabarun farautarsu, kodayake za su iya kasancewa cikin rukuni na wasu watanni bayan barin mahaifiyarsu. Mata sun kai ga balaga yayin shekaru 2.5, kuma maza a shekaru 3.

A cikin yanayin, cougar yana rayuwa shekaru 10-13 (mafi girma a cikin mata fiye da maza), har zuwa 20 a cikin zoos.

Matsayin Al'umma da Kariya

Duk da cewa cougars suna aikin farauta kuma an rage adadin su saboda lalata yanayin, yawancin kuɗin suna da yawa sosai, tunda cougars zai iya dacewa da rayuwa a wurare daban-daban. Don haka, kusan ƙarewa a cikin Amurka a farkon karni na 20, yanzu yawan kumburi a yammacin wannan ƙasa ya kai kimanin mutane 30,000 kuma yana ci gaba da daidaita gabas da kudu.

Guda biyu na cougar an jera su cikin CITES Shafi na 1: Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis, Puma concolor couguar. Farauta don pumas yana da iyakance a duniya baki ɗaya ko an haramta shi, kodayake ana ci gaba da lalata saboda lahani da dabbobi da farauta.

Kawai rarar kuɗi da aka jera a cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN tare da matsayin "a cikin mawuyacin yanayi" (da wahalhalun rayuwa), Mai cougar Florida ne Puma concolor coryi.

Haka kuma yana da kyau a lura cewa yanzu wasu mutane sun fara horar da cougars kamar dabbobi.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Sunan wannan maharbin ya fito ne daga yaren Indiyancin Peruvian. Wannan al'umma ta yi imani da labarin cewa cougar yaro ne wanda ya ɓace wanda ya zaɓi hanyar rayuwa ba daidai ba. Wataƙila wannan zancen ya samo asali ne saboda yawanci cougars yakan farauto dabbobi.

Wani sunan don cougar shine zaki na Amurka. Baƙi daga Sabuwar Duniya aka ba ta wannan sunan. Mazauna wurin suna alfahari da yanayin rayuwarsu, cewa dole ne su kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na haɗari koyaushe, inda wannan dabba mai ƙazamar ƙarfi zata iya kai musu hari a kowane lokaci.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Puma an haɗa shi a cikin yawan nasarorin duniya kuma an jera shi cikin Littafin Guinness na Rukunin dabbobi a matsayin dabba mai mafi yawan sunaye. Jihohin da ke magana da Ingilishi kawai suna da abubuwa fiye da 40 na cat.

A da, an yi imanin cewa akwai nau'ikan dabbobi sama da 25 na waɗannan dabbobi. Amma a cikin duniyar yau, dangane da binciken kwayoyin, kawai an bambanta jinsuna 6, daga cikinsu 4 sun riga sun kare:

• Puma pardoides,
• Puma basudaida,
• Puma pumoides,
• Puma trumani.

Yarjejeniyar Puma na yanzu da Puma saceuaroundi suna zaune a Amurka. Tun da farko, sabbin jaguarundi sun tsaya a matsayin wata halittar ta daban ta Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi a matakin kwayar halitta ya sami kusanci tsakanin wadannan jinsunan, sakamakon abin da tsarin na yanzu ke rarrabe su da wannan dabi'ar.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: puan ƙaramar maan fari ma har yanzu bai sami tabbacin kimiyya na wanzuwar shi ba, kuma mai yiwuwa almara ne. A mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan suna haɗa tare da gashin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wanda za'a iya kuskure don baƙar fata daga nesa.

Wani binciken na DNA ya nuna cewa cheetah shine mafi kusancin dangi na waɗannan kuliyoyin da ke cin amana. Jikinsa na yau da kullun ya ba da damar raba shi cikin dangi na Acinonychinae daban, duk da haka, dangantaka ta kusa da cougars duk da haka ya tilasta shi danganta shi da dangin kuliyoyi.

Bidiyo: Puma

Lokacin farin ciki da gashi gajere basu da tsarin magana. Jawo ja, launin ruwan ƙasa, wanda yayi kama da na zaki. Daga bambance-bambance - girman, rashin saƙa, tassels a kan wutsiya da hanci mai ruwan hoda. Akwai wani farin haske a ciki a ciki. Maƙarƙashiya cougars ana hange su, kamar lynxes, furcinsu yayi kauri da laushi.

Cubs suna buɗe idanunsu makonni 2 bayan haihuwa. A cikin jarirai, pumas suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, amma bayan watanni shida sai ya canza zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko amber. Tsarin kan rigar yana fara lalata lokacin yana da watanni 9, aibobi sun ɓace kuma gaba ɗaya suka ɓace cikin shekaru 2.

Haraji

Sunan Rasha - cougar (zaki na dutse, cougar)

Sunan Turanci - Cougar

Sunan Latin - Puma concolor

Kamewa - kaddara (Carnivora)

Iyali - Fine (Felidae)

Kyau - puma

Tsohuwar rarrabuwa, wanda aka danganta da halayen halittar mutum wanda aka adana shi har zuwa 1999, aka kasafta kusan kashi 24-30 na cougar.

Dangane da rarrabuwa ta zamani dangane da binciken asalin, akwai rabe-raben 6 da aka danganta da wuraren yanki:

Puma concolor couguar - Arewacin Amurka (daga kudancin Kanada zuwa Guatemala da Belize),

Puma concolor costaricensis - Amurka ta Tsakiya (Nicaragua, Costa Rica da Panama),

Pric concolor capricornensis - gabashin Kudancin Amurka (daga gefen tekun kudu na Amazon a Brazil zuwa Paraguay),

Puma concolor cabrerae - tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka (arewa maso gabashin Argentina, Uruguay),

Puma concolor puma - kudancin Kudancin Amurka (Chile, kudu maso yammacin Argentina).

Raarancin puma na rikice-rikice shine Florida puma (Puma concolor coryi). Yawaitar yanayi a cikin 2011 ya kasance sama da mutane 160. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da fadama na kudancin Florida (Amurka). An bambanta wannan cat ta ƙarancin ƙarami da babban paws. Launin gashi mai duhu ne, mai launin ja. Sakamakon ƙetare dangantakar dake da nasaba da juna, mutanen wannan rukunan sun sami rukunin wutsiya mai lankwasa.

Wata kungiyar talla ta Gabas ta Tsakiya, Wisconsin cougar (Puma concolor shorgeri), ta kasance a ƙarshen 1925.

A halin yanzu, suma Florida da Wisan Wisconsin basu da rabuwa cikin rabe-raben rabe, ana alakanta su da membobin Puma concolor couguar.

Ba'a ayyana adadin kuɗin da aka sanya din cikin gidan zoo ba.

Ina cougar yake zaune?

Hoto: Mammal Puma

Gidajen Puma ya tashi daga Dutsen Rocky a kan arewacin Amurka zuwa Patagonia a kudu. Saboda karbuwa ga kowane irin yanayin rayuwa, mazaunin wadannan mafarautan sun bambanta sosai - daga dazuzzuka bayyane da kuma shimfidar wuraren tsaunuka zuwa gandun dajin da ciyayi. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da rufin asiri kuma suna guje wa wuraren buɗewa sosai.

Tun farko cougars sun rayu a yankuna daban-daban na Amurka, adadinsu shine mafi fadi idan aka kwatanta da duk sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa na nahiyar. Amma saboda wargajewar jama'a, dabbobi dole suyi watsi da mazauninsu na asali. Wurin zama a wurinsu ya zo daidai da abin da suka farauto - barewa. Babban zaɓi na zaɓa shine wurare don tsari da abinci mai yawa.

Yawancin wuraren da za'a samo waɗannan dabbobin ya sa mazaunan karkara ba su sunayen ba daidai ba ko sunayen waƙa. Wasu ƙananan kuɗi suna masu suna bisa ga mazauninsu. Inda wannan magabacin yake zaune ya dogara da jinsinsa. Amma m duk sun fi son wurare tare da ƙaramin yanki bude kuma tare da ikon kwantan.

Tunda yanayin manyan kuliyoyi lamuni ne, maza na zaɓar wa kansu yankuna sosai, waɗanda ke daga murabba'in kilomita 20 zuwa 50. Yayin da mace take da karancin buƙata kuma ta mamaye wuraren da ke da tsawon murabba'in kilomita 10-20.

Me cougar yake ci?

Hoto: Puma Cat

Puma mafarauta ne ta dabi'a. Abubuwan da take ci a yawancin lokuta sun fi ƙarfin cin abincin ganima. A matsakaici, suna cinye kilogiram 1300 na nama kowace shekara. Waɗannan sune kamar 48 ungulates.

Tana farautar dabbobi iri-iri, gwargwadon mazauninsu:

Cougars bai bambanta dabbobi da dabbobin daji ba, don haka raguna, kuliyoyi, karnuka na iya zama waɗanda ke azabtar dasu. Tunda zasu iya raina bututun ƙarafa, suma suna farautar kwaɗi, kwari, katantanwa. Skunks sau da yawa suna amfani da makamansu na ƙonawa masu guba da cougars suna watsi da waɗannan dabbobin.

Zakin zakuna duwatsun dabbobi ne masu ƙarfin hali kuma galibi suna kai hari ganima da ta wuce girman su. Da farko, suna bin ganima daga mafaka, a hankali suna tsegumi, sannan a kai hari kan ganima daga baya kuma a karya kashin mahaifa ko choke. Saurin gudu da kuma ikon hawa bishiyoyi suna bawa cougar damar kama ostriches da kama birai a cikin bishiyoyi.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna da hankali sosai. Ba za su taɓa daina cin abincin da ba a gama ba kuma ba za su raba shi ba. Cougars koyaushe suna komawa wurin kisan kai ko ɓoye ragowar a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ko rufe su cikin ganye. Cougars ba sa son gudu bayan waɗanda aka cuta. Idan tsalle na farko bai buga ganima ba, kuliyoyi ba za su kori ɗan lokaci ba.

Tsoffin dabbobi, armadillos, coyotes, marmots, squirrels, kwari, kananan tsuntsaye don zaki na Amurka wani haske, mai gamsarwa. Don bin ganima, cougars yayi kama da ban sha'awa da kuma tsalle a tsalle. Yawancin lokaci suna farauta cikin duhu, a ranar zafi suna son kwanciya a gefen rana.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Cougar daji

Tunda cougars masu cin gashin kansu ne bisa ga dabi'a, kowane ɗayan yana mallakar manyan abubuwan mallaka. Masu ɗaukar hoto suna alamar iyakokin ƙasarsu tare da fitsari, feces da nicks akan bishiyoyi. Rukunin wuraren mutanen da ke son juna na iya shiga tsakani, amma maza ba za su taɓa shiga yankin juna ba idan suna jin cewa kayan suna da ma'abuta.

Yana faruwa cewa kuliyoyin daji dole su canza yanayin saboda yanayi. Za su yi ƙoƙarin barin ƙasashen waje su mallaki yankin kyauta. Hanyar tayi nisa. Don haka, an sadu da cougar daga Wyoming a Colorado, kuma wannan shine kilomita ɗari biyar.

Zakin zakoki suna da haquri kuma dabbobi masu shuru. Idan tiger ya faɗa cikin tarko a ƙoƙarin 'yantar da kansa, cougar zai kasance cikin nutsuwa zai cire tarko, koda kuwa zai ɗauki kwanaki da yawa. Idan kuwa bai yi nasara ba cikin 'yanci da wuya, to ya fada cikin zina kuma zai yi shuru har yanzu yana kwance.

Cougars baya kaiwa mutane hari kuma suna kokarin nisanta su ta kowace hanya. Ba abin mamaki ba da la'akari da cewa ana san da saukin kai. Cougar ba zai nuna tashin hankali ba har sai ya kasance yana jin yunwa har ya kasance yana gab da cinye ko zai yi ƙoƙarin kare zuriyarsa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: 'Yan asalin Amurka ta Arewa sun yi imanin cewa cougars halittun shaidan ne. Hawayensu sun firgita kowa ya tsorata. Amma sautin kudanci, waɗannan kuliyoyin suna fitowa ne kawai cikin yanayin fushi, sauran lokacin da suka tsarkakakku kamar kuliyoyi.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Puma Cub

Lokacin damuna na zakuna na Amurka bai daɗe ba - daga Disamba zuwa Maris. Vapors yana samar da kimanin makonni 2, sannan sake lalata. Kwai kawai waɗanda ke da yankin kansu suna da haɗari ga kiwo. Maza na iya yin aure tare da mata da yawa da ke rayuwa a yankuna kusa.

A wannan lokacin, tsakanin maza akwai faɗa don zaɓan waɗanda suke da babbar murya. Mai nasara yayi ƙoƙarin rufe mace da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu daga iyakokin makircin sa. Estrus din yayi tsawon kwana 9. A lokacin balaguro, kamar sauran kuliyoyi, cougars suna sa sauti mai ban tausayi.

Jurewar zuriya yana wadatar kwana 95. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, kitan kitse biyu zuwa shida na iya bayyana, wanda ke aunawa zuwa cm 30 a tsayinsa kuma yayi nauyi zuwa rabin kilogram. Bayan 'yan makonni, yaran sun buɗe idanunsu, kunnuwansu, hakoran farko sun fara girma. Tare da shekaru, zane a jikin mutum da zobba akan wutsiya sun ɓace.

Kallon uwayen cougar a gidan, ya zama a bayyane yake cewa mace bata barin kowa ya shiga cikin yayan kuma bai basu damar su kalli su ba. Zancen farko zai gudana ne kimanin wata daya bayan haihuwa. Har zuwa wata daya da rabi, jarirai suna shayar da madarar uwa, sannan kuma suka sauya zuwa abinci mai tsauri.

Iya tana kulawa da yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyu, bayan wannan sai matasa su nemi kayansu. Don ɗan lokaci zasu iya riƙe ƙungiyar, amma sai kowannensu yayi hanyar kansa. Mace suna shirye don kiwo a shekaru 2.5, maza a 3. A kan matsakaici, suna rayuwa shekaru 15-18 a cikin daji, a cikin bauta - fiye da shekaru 20.

Dabbobin Puma. Bayani, fasali, jinsuna, salon rayuwa da mazaunin cougar

Dabba mai alheri tayi nasara da hade da iko da kyau na maharbi. Sunan kimiyya Puma concolor yana nufin "cougar launi daya ”, amma launuka masu launuka suna sanya kayanta ado. Daga bayanin farko na maharbi a ƙarni na 16 har zuwa yau, sha'awar dabbar ba ta ƙare ba. Fiye da sau ɗaya an yi ƙoƙari don horar da mafarautan, har ma don sanya su dabbobi.

Puma - maƙaryaci ne mai sanyin hankali

A cikin cat cat puma an yi la’akari da ɗayan wakilan mafi alheri, masu ƙarfi, kyawawan dabbobi, waɗanda aka fara bayyana a tsakiyar ƙarni na 16. Wani suna na wannan babban cat shine cougar, ko zaki.

Bayanin da fasali

Ana kiran Puma daban. Baya ga babban abu, sunayen suna tartsatsi: zaki mai dutse, cougar. Daga cikin tsarukan da ke da alaƙa, dabbar tana matsayi na huɗu a cikin girman, bayan damisa, jaguar, zaki. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai 180 cm, wutsiyarsa ta kai 70 cm, nauyin mutum yana kai kimanin kilogram 80, amma manyan wakilai sun kai sama da kilo 100. Cougar masu girma dabam mace kasa da maza ta hanyar 25-30%.

Cougar cat cat

Jikin mai farauta bashi da sauqi. Wsarna suna da faffada, ana amfani da manyan fulotsan fyaɗe don kama ganima. A kan kafafu na baya, waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da na gaba, cougar yana da yatsu 4, akan gaba - 5 yatsunsu. Sharp claws taimaka cougars tsaya a kan bishiyoyi. Kamar kowane kuliyoyi, akwai lobes uku na madaukai a kan sheqa.

An yi karamar kankara da kunnuwa masu zagaye. Cougar a cikin hoto koyaushe tare da bayyana idanu kewaye da baki baki. Iris ne launin toka, hazel, kore. Teethaƙƙarfan hakora, dabbobi suna karya kasusuwa, ƙwayar hawaye. Matsayin ƙugiyoyi da manyan abubuwan ɓoye suna ƙayyade shekarun karnukan daji.

A launi na gajeren m Jawo ne launin ruwan kasa tare da launin toka ko launin toka. Kashi da kai koyaushe suna cikin duhu da launi fiye da ɓangaren dabbobi. Alamun Whitish tan suna kan kirji, amai. Alamu masu duhu akan shugaban cougar, tip na wutsiya, kunnuwa.

Yanayin yana shafar tsarin launi na ulu: a cikin yankuna na arewacin, fur ɗin dabbobi yana da launin toka, a cikin yankuna masu zafi yana da ja. A cikin Latin Amurka, ana samun mutane masu haske sosai, fari, launin shuɗi mai duhu. Babu wani nau'in zabiya da ma'anar kwalliya tsakanin cougars Cougar baƙar fata, gwarzo na zane mai ban dariya "Mowgli", almara ce mai fasaha. Wani lokacin baƙar fata baƙaƙe ana kiran panthers.

Cougar akan itacen bushe

Launin ƙananan cougars ya bambanta. Ana rufe Jawo da baƙar fata, fararen duhu a ƙafafu, akan wutsiyar zobe. Bayan watanni 9 na rayuwa, alamomin su bushe, gaba ɗaya sai shekara biyu. Mayafin dabbobi yana da kauri, mai kauri.

Yunkurin cougar ya zama agile, mai sauri, cikin saurin tsalle wutsiya tayi aiki kamar daidaitawa.Ba kamar jaguars mai alaƙa ba, tigers, shiga tarkon ba ya ƙare da halayyar mahaukaci, amma tare da ƙyamar mafarauci bayan ƙoƙarin da yawa don 'yantar da kansa.

Ba kamar manyan zaki ba, damisa dusar ƙanƙara, damisa, damisa ba su da ikon yin motsa jiki da hayaniya. Amma suna yin zuhra, kamar mazaunan gida, cikin sadarwa tare da 'yanmata, wani lokacin suna yin kuwwa a lokacin matsu.

Cougar yana da ƙarancin abokan gaba. Ya raunana, matasa dabbobi za a iya farmaki da jaguars, grizzlies, alligators. Babban hatsarin da ke faruwa ga masu farautar shi ne mutumin da ya harbe su, ya kafa tarko. Cougar dabbar daji musamman da wuya kai hari ga mutum. Abubuwan da aka kai harin an tsayar da mutane, yara, ƙetare hanyoyin dabbobin da daddare. Yarda da taka tsantsan a cikin mazaunin dabbobi ya isa don guje wa haɗuwa mara daɗi.

Cougar a cikin hunturu

A Amurka, inda babban dabbobin farauta yake, dubun dubatar dabbobi sun kare. Godiya ga iyawar cougars don sajewa da wuraren da ba a saba gani ba ta hanyar matakan kiyayewa, yawan adadin jama'a yana murmurewa a hankali.

Halitta Cougars maƙiyi

Hoto: Dabbobin Puma

Cougars kusan ba su da abokan gaba na halitta. Koyaya, har yanzu suna tsoron bears mai baƙar fata, jaguars, grizzlies, crocodiles, black Caimans, fakitoci na Wolves da manyan Mississippi. Baribals da grizzly suna iya jin daɗin ɗanɗano abincin da aka kama. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan dabbobin suna kai hari mai rauni, dattijo ko raunin rauni.

Daya daga cikin makiya shine mutumin da ya sanya tarko da tarko akan cougar, yana harbi kuliyoyi don riba. Cougars dabbobi ne masu saurin gaske kuma, idan za ta iya tayar da harbi daga bindiga, to, tarko zai sa ta wahala tsawon lokaci. Idan ba ta yi aiki ba, za ta yi shiru na jira dinta.

Shugaban Amurka Theodore Roosevelt ya kirkiro wata al'umma don kare dabbobi, amma a lokaci guda an ba da damar kashe cougars ba tare da hukunci ba tare da goyon baya ga shugaban al'ummomin binciken rayuwar New York. A cikin yankin Amurka bayan wannan an lalata ɗaruruwan dubunnun dutsen.

Tare da shigowar Turawa a yankin na Amurka, yawan lalacewar cougars ya fara ne sakamakon harin da magabatan suka yi kan dabbobi a matsayin kudi mai sauki. Daya daga cikin kudaden da aka karba a cikin jihohi da dama sunan "mayaƙin doki". Bayan haka, farauta don neman cougars tare da karnuka ya fara, yana tura su cikin bishiyoyi, inda za'a iya harbe kuli a saukake.

Iri Cougars

Tsarin zamani na cougars ya samo asali ne daga ɗaurin dabbobi zuwa wani yanki, bambancin kwayoyin halitta.

Puma concolor couguar - Tsarin jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka, ya hada da irin mayukan Florida. Habitat a cikin fadama cikin gandun daji na kudancin Florida. Arancin mafarauta suna cikin littafin Red saboda wani mawuyacin hali.

Florida Puma tayi barazanar

Dabba karama ce babba, mai launin ja da launi, tare da manyan alade. Ingwancin dabba da ke da alaƙa kusa da kai ya haifar da bayyanar ƙarar juzu'in wutsiya. Sanadin lalacewar shine karancin fadama, guba, farauta dabbobi. Wannan ya hada da puma na gabashin, wanda ya ƙare a cikin 1925.

Puma concolor costaricensis - zauna a Amurka ta tsakiya.

Pric concolor capricornensis - Yankin rarraba a gabashin Kudancin Amurka.

Puma concolor concolor - rarraba a arewacin yankunan Kudancin Amurka.

Puma concolor cabrerae - rayu a Kudancin Kudancin Amurka.

Puma concolor puma - Yankunan rarraba a Kudancin Kudancin Amurka.

A halin yanzu, an haramtawa farautar pumas, kodayake suna ci gaba da kashe su saboda lahanin dabbobi.

Cougar Gabas ta Tsakiya

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Cougar Predator

Duk da gaskiyar cewa an haramta farautar Pumas a kusan dukkanin jihohi, lalata halayen zakoki na Amurka ya ci gaba sakamakon hare-hare kan gonakin dabbobi. Amma, duk da cewa mazauninsu sun zama mara amfani saboda lalacewar mahallin, saboda sauƙin daidaitawa ga kowane yanayin rayuwa, yawancin jinsuna suna da yawa.

Kasancewar yana gab da ƙarewa a karni na 20 a Amurka, yawan pumas a yamma kawai yana da manya kusan 30,000 kuma suna ci gaba da mamaye jihar zuwa kudu da gabas. Yarda da kowane yanki yana taimakawa cougars su yawaita.

Sakamakon mamaye iyaka daga dutsen zaki, yawan jama’ar Florida puma ta kai darajoji masu haɗari kuma a halin yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Farauta, korar fadama da fadama dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi sun haifar da lalata jinsunan. A cikin 1979, akwai kusan mutane 20. Halittar halitta ba zai yuwu ba kuma ana kiyaye karnukan daji.

Talauci na kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da haihuwar jarirai masu rauni da nakasa, sakamakon abin da rigakafi ke raguwa kuma mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka ke ƙaruwa. A yanzu, kowane ɗayan yana zaune a yankuna na Florida Reserve kuma adadin su yakai raka'a 160.

Na dogon lokaci, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa cougar gabashin, wanda asalinsa daga Kanada da Amurka, yana kan jerin rushewa. Amma a shekarun 1970, an gano wasu tsoffin mutane da yawa a cikin New Brunswick, wadanda aka kwashe su nan da nan. Shekaru da yawa sun sami nasarar yiwa kusan 50 mutane.

Tarihi na gano nau'ikan

Puma nasa ne na ƙwararrun ɗan adam. A cikin Latin, ƙirar sa tana kama da concolor puma, inda puma shine sunan cat da aka samo daga harshen asalin Amurkawa na Quechua, kuma concolor yana fassara launin launi ɗaya da nuna kyakkyawan launi na dabbar dabba - azurfa (a cikin yankuna na arewacin) ko launin ja (a kudu). 'Yan uwan ​​da ke kusa da yarinyar ita ce cat cat na daji Jaguarundi da Miracinonyx na rigakafi daga Arewacin Amurka. Duk da girmanta mai yawa, cougar yana nufin ƙananan karnuka waɗanda ba su san yadda ake girma ba saboda cikakkiyar ƙwayar hyoid.

Jaguarundi - karamin cat na kaddara, mafi kusancin dangin cougar

Pedro Cieza de Leon, wani matafiyin Spain da kuma labarin ƙasa a cikin littafin Chronicle na Peru an aiwatar da ɗayan farko na puma a cikin 1553. Wannan littafi ana iya ɗaukarsa Encyclopedia na farko a cikin labarin ƙasa, ilimin dabbobi da kuma ilimin dabbobi na Kudancin Amurka.

Kabilun Indiya sun mai da hankali sosai ga waɗannan dabbobin, amma a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban: da alama dai Inco cougars suna da alaƙa da allahntaka da tsawa, Apaso sun ɗauki kukansu a matsayin masu lalata mutuwa, kuma ƙwayoyin Cherokee dabbobi ne masu tsabta kuma ba a lalata su. Sunan cougar sau da yawa an haɗa shi da sunan cakudiyar mutum don ya ba shi ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi.

Mutanen Sifen, waɗanda suka zo yankin na Kudancin Amurka a ƙarshen ƙarni na 16, sun sami matsaloli game da cougars: suna farautar shanu da nishaɗi, Indiyawan sun hana halakar dabbobin daji. Ko da bijimin a matsayin kyauta ga cougar da aka kashe ba zai iya canja ra’ayin jama’ar yankin ba. Indiyawan sun rataye munun dabbar a gidajensu, ta haka suna korar mugayen ruhohi. Game da farautar tsattsarkar dabba don dabbobi, sun ce wannan: "Puma yaro ne mara kyau wanda ya hau kan hanyar da ba ta dace ba."

Tun ƙarni da yawa, mazauna Sabuwar Duniya suna da kyau da alherin cougar, kuma mafi girmancinta da yaudarar sa ya zama tilas ta ji tsoron wannan kyakkyawan mai ƙaddara.

A zamanin da, sararin cougars yana da faɗi sosai: daga Kudancin Alaska zuwa Yankin Magellan. Bayan mamayar mamayar Amurka da fararen fata, an bayyana pumas a matsayin farauta ta duniya, da farko don kare dabbobi, sannan kuma saboda kyawawan shingaye da nama. Ga wanda aka kashe, har ma sun bayar da kyauta. Kuma kawai a cikin karni na XX, lokacin da masu farauta ke gab da lalacewa, an haramta farautar ganyayyaki kuma an sami tanadi da yawa.

Yau, sau 6 na bambanta cikin girma da launi ana magana akan jinsin puma. Cougars suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan Arewa da Kudancin Amurka, a cikin filayen, ba a yawancin lokaci a cikin gandun daji da kuma wuraren lalatattu.

Bayanin Cougar

Puma babban mayafin ne, a Amurka yana ɗaukar girman matsayi na biyu bayan jaguar. Koyaya, ragi iri daban-daban sun banbanta da girman - mafi karami suna zaune kusa da mai daidaitawa, kuma mafi girma suna kusa da kusoshin. Pwararren motsa jiki mai ƙarfi tare da ƙafafun kafaɗun kafa yana ba da izinin cougar ya yi tsayi (har zuwa mita 10) da tsayi (har zuwa mita 2) tsalle-tsalle da haɓaka mai yawa (har zuwa kilomita 50 a kowace awa) a takaice masu nisa.

Bayanai na waje: launi, launi na ido da kayan aikin jiki

Tsawon cougar ba tare da wutsiya na iya zama daga 100 zuwa 180 cm ba, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 100. Mata sunkai kusan kashi uku bisa ɗari kamar maza. Tsawon dabbar dabbar da ke cikin mayukan 60 cm ne 80. Jiki yana da ƙarfi, amma yana da sassauƙa, yana kama da na zaki. Jikin yana da tsawo, kafafu sun yi kasa sosai, kafafun hindu sun fi gaban girma. Hannun paw suna da faffadar hannu, sanye take da faffadan sarƙoƙin ƙira, 4 yatsunsu a bayan, da biyar a gaban. Irin wannan yatsan ya ba da izinin cougar don hawa bishiyoyi daidai, ka riƙe wanda aka azabtar, kuma manyan dabaru suna taimakawa sosai don motsawa yadda ya kamata a dusar ƙanƙara. Kyakkyawan wutsiya mai ƙarfi da tsayi yana ba shi daidaituwa yayin ficewarsu ta fice.

Cougar zai iya cikin yardar alheri tsalle babban tarko

Shugaban yana karami, ƙananan kunnuwa masu kafaɗa suna zagaye, hanci yana da girma da faɗi. Idanun masu bayyanarwa suna launin ruwan kasa ko launin shuɗi a launi, galibi ana bayyana su da kyau a layin duhu, kamar hanci da baki. Hakora suna haɓaka da kyau, shekarunsu da launi suna ƙayyade shekarun dabba. Ana amfani da goge don kama ganima, da kuma lalata abubuwa don lalata tsokoki da ƙasusuwa na wanda aka azabtar.

Puma tana da kyakkyawar fuska tare da kayan keɓaɓɓiyar fuska da kallon annashuwa

Jawo danshin na puma mai kauri ne, gajeru kuma mai tsauri, launi yana da launin toka-toka, launin rawaya mai duhu ko ja, amma tare da tintsin: akan ciki, makogwaro da kirji sun fi sauki akan manyan sassan jikin mutum, akwai alamun baki a jikin dutsen, kunnuwa sun fi duhu babban launi, bakin wutsiya shima duhu. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa canza launi na cougars yana da kama da launi na masu yuwuwar cutar - deer.

Yankunan suna da sutura mai kauri, mai santsi da danshi, wanda aka lullube da tabe da ratsi, tare da zobba akan wutsiya, da idanu shuɗi.

A cikin cubs, idanu suna shuɗi har zuwa rabin shekara, sannan a hankali juya launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa

Halin

An san cougar don yanayin sirrinsa, mai natsuwa da yanayin rashin rikice-rikice, amma yana da isasshen ƙarfin zuciya da ƙarfin zuciya. Akwai lokuta lokacin da cougar yayi yaƙi da cin nasara da berar grizzly da alligators. Kuma ba za ta rasa damar damar cin abincinsu ba.

Wadannan kuliyoyin da ke birgewa suna ɓoyewa cikin nasara cikakke kuma suna nasara guje wa mutane, wanda ke sa wahalar nazarin su don dalilan kimiyya. Cougars ba sa nuna zalunci ga mutane, sai dai idan sun nuna hali na barazana ko kuma masu kutse cikin farauta. Yawancin lokaci suna kai farmaki cikin dare ko da yamma, amma kuma suna iya yin farauta da rana.

Ba kamar yawancin kuliyoyin kuli-kuli ba, cougars ke da wuya kaiwa mutane hari, sun gwammace su guji su. Tsakanin 1890 da Janairu 2004, kusan rikodin ɗari aka rubuta a Amurka da Kanada, mafi yawan abin da ya faru ya faru ne kawai a tsibirin Vancouver. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa yara ne ko kuma gajerun mutane, kuma harin ya faru ne a almuru ko da dare. Cougars na iya samun sauƙin farfadowa idan mutum yayi motsi da sauri kuma shi kaɗai.

wikipedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0

Cougar yana da haƙuri na haƙuri. Idan tarkon, ya shiga tarko, har ya shiga mahaukaci, har ya iya fasa ɗan gogewar, to cougar zai kasance cikin natsuwa da juriya da ƙoƙarin 'yantar da kansa, idan kuwa baiyi nasara ba, yana iya zama har yanzu tsawon kwanaki.

Cougars suna tafiya daidai akan bishiyoyi kuma sun sami damar kama tsuntsu ko biri a can

Cougars yana jagorantar rayuwa mai karko kuma kada kuyi hulɗa tare da wakilan nau'ikansu. Suna saka alama ta musamman kuma ba sa barin wasu cougars a kai. Haka kuma, yankin mallakar cougar na iya zama dubun ko ma daruruwan murabba'in kilomita. Lokaci na sadarwa don zakuna dutse yakan faru ne kawai a lokacin lokacin canjin, kuma ga mace ma yayin kasancewa tare da yaran. Af, ana aiwatar da kararraki game da iyakokin ƙasa ba wuya - cougars sun fi son dangantakar maƙwabta. Suna kashe duk rayuwarsu kaɗai a cikin farautarsu.

Yaran dabbobin da ba su da tarko a gare su da dabbobin da suka manyanta wadanda suka rasa abin da suka mallaka sakamakon yawan rikice-rikicen mutane ana kiransu "mutane masu wucewa." An tilasta musu yin balaguro don bincika ƙasa ta kyauta, wanda zai zama sabon gidansu. Suna ƙoƙarin shawo kan ƙasashen waje da sauri, ba tare da shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe ba kuma ba da bayyanar musu ba.

Abincin Puma

A yamma, cougar yakan fita neman abinci. An yi garkuwa da shi, yana tsalle a bayan wanda aka azabtar kuma nan da nan yayi ƙoƙari ya ciji wuya. Ganima na gargajiya ga cougars shine ungulates kamar muzamai, barewa, guanaco, da babbanhorn. Rashin rabonsu a cikin abincin cougar ya fi rabin.

Babban abinci ga kuliyoyin tsinkaye sune nau'ikan jinsunan ungulates.

Maharbi na iya kai hari ga dabbobi har ma da karnuka da karnuka, wanda manoman Amurka ba sa so da shi. Ba ya ƙin ƙaramar ganima: coyotes, dawakai, zomaye, squirrels, squirrels, hares, mice, tsuntsaye, kifi har ma da kwari da katantanwa. Koyaya, cougar yana da niyyar kashe dabbobi fiye da yadda zai iya ci.

Genarancin halitta yana bawa cougar damar jimre da armadillo, porcupine, maciji ko dabbar skunk. Puma baya son yin iyo, amma a lokaci guda yana iyo sosai kuma yana iya kamun kifi.

Cougar yana ɓoye ragowar ganima a cikin daji, ciyawa ko dusar ƙanƙara, ƙoƙarin rufe naman gaba ɗaya. Wasu lokuta kuliyoyi suna lura da ita sama daga sama kuma ku ci gawawwakin da zaran an cire cougar. Baya ga kwari, dawakai, coyotes da sauran dabbobi masu yawa na iya yin wannan, tunda cougar hanyar haɗi ce a jerin abincinsu. Haka kuma, Indiyawa sun yi irin wannan a zamanin da - sun sami suttattun cougars kuma sun ɗauki naman da kansu.

Cougar yana da ƙarfin gaske da jimiri kuma yana da ikon jan mataccen wanda ya mutu akan nesa, wanda nauyinsa ya wuce nauyin cougar sau 5. Namiji ya kashe kamar barewa a mako guda, kuma yakan ci naman da aka ajiye na kwanaki da yawa, yana kusa. Amma idan wasu dabbobin suka samu suka ci naman, to lallai ne ya sake fara farautar.

Tsawon shekara guda, cougar yana cin kimanin ton na nama, wanda shine kusan unguwanni 50

Zakin dutsen da kansa bai taɓa cin naman da wasu dabbobi suka samu ba. Yana ciyarwa kawai a kan waɗanda aka zalunta.

Tsammani rayuwa a cikin daji

Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar cougars a cikin daji daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15 ne, kuma cougars na iya rayuwa a cikin gidajen dabbobi har zuwa shekaru 20. A cikin yanayin halitta, cougars da wuya mutuwa ta tsufa, abubuwan da suka fi haifar da mutuwa sune faɗa tare da dangi, raunuka daga farauta, rashin lafiya, yunwa, har ma da ayyukan ɗan adam: halakar cougars, canje-canje a mazaunin dabbobi, motoci da sauran dalilai.

Sauran abubuwan fasali

Yatsa maƙarƙashiyar dabarar cougars daga 1 zuwa 12 dabbobi ne a murabba'in kilomita 80.

A dabi'a, cougar ba shi da abokan gaba. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, yana iya yin gasa tare da ganima tare da kyarkeci ko bears mai launin ruwan kasa, a cikin yankuna na kudanci tare da jaguar, kuma a Florida tare da Mississippi alligator. Jaguar na cougar yana da haɗari sosai kuma a cikin haɗuwa kai tsaye wataƙila ya ci nasara, don haka cougar yayi ƙoƙarin kada ya shiga rikici tare dashi. Puma da wuya ya ci karo da beyar, tunda suna ciyar da nama ba kawai, har ma akan abinci mai tsiro, amma karnukan karnuka, da suka rasa hanyar su cikin buɗaɗɗen, sun sami damar cinye kwayar. Bi da bi, za ta iya kashewa kuma ku ci ƙyamar wolf, tana yaƙi da fakiti.

Sau da yawa, mafarautan ba sa haɗarin haɗuwa da cougars na manya, har ma suna iya ba su ganima, amma ma'aurata ƙanana sune maraba a gare su. Saboda haka, mafi yawan fadace-fadace da wasu magabatan ke yiwa mace ta kare kyansu.

Ta kare cuban sandar, mace na iya shiga yaƙi tare da kowane abokin hamayya kuma ta kayar da shi: akwai lokuta idan cougar ya jimre da beyar da baƙi

Mazaunin Puma da rawar a cikin yanayin ƙasa

Ana samun Cougars a cikin Amurka. A Arewacin Amurka, waɗannan dabbobi an kiyaye su galibi a tsaunukan yamma, kuma suna yadu sosai a Kudancin Amurka.Shaidun gani da ido sun ce har yanzu ana samun cougar a cikin Quebec (Kanada) da Vermont (Amurka).

Dangane da rarrabuwa ta zamani dangane da binciken asalin, akwai rabe-raben 6 da aka danganta da wuraren yanki:

Puma concolor couguar - Arewacin Amurka (daga kudancin Kanada zuwa Guatemala da Belize),

Puma concolor costaricensis - Amurka ta Tsakiya (Nicaragua, Costa Rica da Panama),

Pric concolor capricornensis - gabashin Kudancin Amurka (daga gefen tekun kudu na Amazon a Brazil zuwa Paraguay),

Puma concolor concolor - Arewacin Kudancin Amurka (Kolumbia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia),

Puma concolor cabrerae - tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka (arewa maso gabashin Argentina, Uruguay),

Puma concolor puma - kudancin Kudancin Amurka (Chile, kudu maso yammacin Argentina).

http://www.moscowzoo.ru

http://www.moscowzoo.ru/animals/khishchnye/puma/

Raungiyar corestar da aka fi sani a duniya ana kiranta Florida ko Puma concolor coryi. An jera shi a cikin littafin Red a matsayin wani nau'in haɗari - yanzu akwai mutane 150-200 kawai a cikin duniya kuma Florida tana aiki tukuru don kiyayewa da dawo da yawan ɗumamar Florida. Rashin saurin asarar da aka samu ya samo asali ne sakamakon rafukan ruwa da ke gudana, wanda mazaunin Florida ne, gurbatar muhalli da kuma farautar waɗannan dabbobin.

Cougar Florida ƙanana ne babba kuma yana da launin ja mai duhu, haka kuma ƙarshen wutsiyar wutsiya

A Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya, akwai shaidar gano farin fararen baƙi. Kodayake, cikakken bincike game da waɗannan shari'o'in yana nuna cewa baƙar fata cougars suna launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko kuma wasu sassa na jikin dabba (fuska, kirji) ana fenti baki. Farin Cougars (albinos) da alama ana wanzuwa, kamar yadda sauran halittattun dabbobi masu rai.

Baƙi zuwa Sabuwar Duniya tun a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19 karni ya lalata zakunan dutse, yayin da suke yanka dabbobinsu. Bugu da kari, yan Adam sun canza mazaunin dabbobin daji sosai, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar kazanta, babban ganima ga kwari a Arewacin Amurka. A farkon karni na 20, akwai 'yan sanduna kadan da suka rage, kuma bayan wasu shekaru 60, asararru da dama sun kusan bacewa.

Kwanan nan, an san cocoar na Gabashin Puma Puma a Amurka, tun shekaru da yawa mutane ba su taɓa ganin wannan nau'in ba har ma a cikin tsaunukan tuddai na Arewacin Amurka.

Ayyukan ɗan adam marasa hankali suna tayar da daidaito ga yanayin tsabtace yanayi a Arewacin Amurka kuma manoma ɗaya suka sha wahala. Misali, armadillos mai cike da yawa, wanda cougars ya ci abinci a baya, ya haƙa ramuka masu yawa wanda shanu da dawakai a cikin kullun suka afka cikin, ya karye ƙafafunsa ya mutu.

Yanzu a Arewacin Amurka, farin fari mai kaifin gaske yana da matukar tasiri, yana zama cikas ga yanayin kasa.

Farar fata daga fararen fata - babban abin farauta saboda zaki

Nama suna cin ciyayi, gami da wurin da wuraren wasan yara ke zaune, wanda ke haifar da raguwar yawansu. Wannan daya ne daga misalai masu yawa na rashin daidaituwa na halitta. Kwararru a fannin ilmin halitta da ilmin dabi'a suna yin kira da a maido da daidaiton yanayin halittu a Arewacin Amurka ta hanyar komawa pumas na muhalli da kyarma jan (wadannan dabbobin, kamar cougars, suna gab da lalacewa).

Rayuwar Puma a cikin zaman talala

A zamanin yau, ya zama na zamani don kiyaye dabbobin daji, gami da kuliyoyi masu tsinkaye, a cikin gidaje. Cougars ba togiya kuma a yanar gizo zaka iya samun abubuwan tallatawa na sayar da 'yan ƙwari, kazalika da bita da bidiyo game da kula da ayyukan cougars.

Cougar a cikin gidan sau da yawa yana yin kama da cat na talakawa

Amma yanke shawara a kan irin wannan mataki, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa kasancewa tare tare da cougar ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba, don wannan zaku buƙaci daki na musamman ko aviary, abinci mai tsada, rakiyar likitan dabbobi da ƙari. Bugu da kari, har da cougar da aka sirara ya kasance dabba mai farauta, tana yin biyayya ga dalilai na dabi'a, don haka babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da cikakken aminci ga sauran dabbobi, har ma da masu kansu. Ba za a iya horar da manyan cougars ba, saboda haka muna magana ne kawai game da cubs.

Amma game da gidan namun daji, cougars sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, akwai kwanciyar hankali da zama. Hakanan ana basu wakilci sosai a cikin gidajen shanun na Rasha.

Siffofin Kulawa

Masanan ilimin halitta waɗanda suka yi nazarin tsutsotsi sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya dace da aikin dabbar da ta dace da kuliyoyi da karnuka da ke zaune a gidan, amma ba za su iya yin tsayayya da farautar tsuntsaye ba. Saboda haka, idan akwai kaji, ducks ko geese a cikin gidan, maigidan ya hada da yar tsintsiya yana yawo a yadi zai jure da asarar tsuntsu lokaci-lokaci. Yara puma suna ciyar da madara da nama mai dafaffen abinci, suna cin hatsi da kayan marmari kawai idan sun dafa akan abincin nama.

Ana ciyar da ƙananan pumas tare da madara, sannan a hankali an canza shi zuwa tafasasshen, sannan kuma zuwa nama mai daɗi

Yayinda suke girma, pumas an canza shi zuwa nama mai kazanta. Maƙaddara tana cin kusan kilogiram 2 na nama ɗaya a rana, zaɓi mafi kyau shine naman sa. Idan ba a ba da cougar nama ba, zai yi rashin lafiya.

Kamar sauran kuliyoyi, kafin ku ci nama mai laushi, cougar ya ba shi, kuma bayan cin abinci, ya wanke sosai sannan ya yi bacci awanni da yawa.

Cougar yana buƙatar a ba shi ruwa mai yawa, har ma da ciyawa sabo ko kayan abinci na musamman na bitamin, wanda likitan dabbobi zai ba da shawara.

Halin da samarin cougars a cikin gidan basu bambanta da kittens na yau da kullun ba, suna wasa da yawa, musamman tare da abubuwa masu motsawa, suna sadarwa tare da wasu dabbobi, kuma suna son mutane. A lokaci guda, ƙananan cougars da aka gani suna da kyan gani da kyan gani. Suna iya yin sautikan ban sha'awa, kamar tsuntsayen da suke nishi kamar ciyawar. Kasancewa cikin yanayi mai kyau, cougars na iya yin tsarki kamar kuliyoyi, shaƙewa daga tsoro, grumble daga haushi.

Cuban Puma suna kama da halin yara na yara, su ma suna son yin wasa kuma suna da alaƙa da masu mallakarsu

Puma za a iya kuma ya kamata a fitar da shi don yawo a kan leash, wannan yana ba ta damar kasancewa a cikin yanayin halitta - gandun daji ko wurin shakatawa. Dole ne a canza shi cougar da ya girma zuwa aviary, kamar yadda dabba dabba za ta shirya matsaloli da yawa a cikin gidan ko birni na birni. Don rayuwar kowane tsinkaye, gidan kansa ko ƙaramin gida tare da babban filin da keɓaɓɓu da filayen jirgin sama sun fi dacewa.

Puma tana jin jiki, kasancewa a cikin babban titi aviary ko yawo a farfajiyar, kuma a cikin wani gida na talakawa tana da gundura da shaƙewa

Hanyoyin kulawa da gashi, kunne, idanu da kusoshi, cougars za a iya haƙuri da haƙuri kawai idan an saba da su tun daga ƙuruciya. Yatsun cougar dogaye ne masu kaifi, don haka lokacin da ake ajiye dabbar a gidan, lallai ne a datse su akai-akai.

Lokacin da aka tsare shi a cikin gida ko Apartment, kuna buƙatar datse cougars na claws, in ba haka ba ba za'a iya magance matsala ba

Yawan Puma da kariya

Godiya ga aikin mai aiki don adana cougars a matsayin jinsin, farauta gare su yanzu ya zama iyaka ko an haramta shi a yawancin ƙasashe. Gaskiya ne, akasin haramcin, mutane har ila yau suna wargaza ɓarnar ƙasa saboda farautar shanu. Placedarancin da mafi ƙarancin nau'ikan an sanya su a cikin ajiyar kaya, kamar Florida cougar - ƙananan tallafin da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red tare da matsayin "cikin mawuyacin hali." Gaskiyar ita ce cewa gandun daji na Florida suna ci gaba da ɓacewa cikin hanzari kuma cougars na gida ba zai iya kasancewa kamar yadda yakamata ba kuma suna haihuwar zuriya. Don haka, mutane suna kirkirar ajiyar yanayi wanda suke sarrafa rayuwa da haifuwar tsutsotsi ta amfani da masu watsa rediyo na musamman waɗanda aka sanya jikin jikin dabbobi. Yanzu masana kimiyya suna aiki tukuru don ƙetara Florida puma tare da wasu biyan kuɗi. Idan har aka yi nasarar wannan yunƙurin kuma za'a iya dawo da jinsi, to za a girka cougars a sauran jihohin Amurka.

Babban wurin ajiyar wuri inda ake yin cocin na Florida ana kiransa Big Cypress National kiyayewa kuma yana cikin marshes da gandun daji na kudancin jihar Florida ta Amurka.

Guda uku na cougars an jera su a CITES (Yarjejeniyar Kasuwancin Kasa da Kasa a cikin Hadarin Kayayyakin daji Fauna da Flora): coryi, costaricensis, couguar. Effortsoƙarin mutane ya haifar da cewa a halin yanzu yawan coanyen coke a cikin Arewacin Amurka, wanda kusan ya ɓace a cikin karni na 20, kusan mutane 30,000 ne sannu a hankali kuma suna yaduwa gabas da kudu. Cougars suna da kyau, sun sami damar rayuwa a wasu yankuna na halitta daban-daban, don haka har yanzu basu fuskantar lalata. A Kudancin Amurka, ba a fara neman pumas da ƙwazo ba, saboda haka akwai yaduwar su.

Duba hoto

Yanayi mai karimci da zakuna ga dutse tare da ƙarfi da kazanta: suna iya hawa bishiyoyi cikin sauƙi kuma suna iya tsalle daga benaye da yawa ba tare da sakamako ba, iyo da kyau kuma sun san yadda ake kamun kifi, zasu iya shawo kan babban rami tare da tsalle mai tsalle tare da kamawa da ciyawa. Babban abokin gaban wannan magabcin shi ne mutumin da, tsawon karni biyu, ya kawar da yawancin cougars da ke rayuwa a duniya. Yanzu mutane suna dawowa hankalinsu kuma suna ɗaukar matakai da yawa don maido da nau'in. Bari mu fatan cewa komai ya daidaita kuma cougars za su sake mamaye ainihin asalinsu a cikin Amurka.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da cougar

Puma kyakkyawa ne mai kyan gani, wanda yake da ban sha'awa. Masana ilimin dabbobi da kuma masu sha'awar dabbobin daji sun lura da wasu hujjoji masu ban sha'awa da suka shafi wannan dabba:

1. Cougar da gaskiya ya ɗauki matsayi na biyu na mafi girman wakilin Amurka na dangin cat. Yawan cougar shine na biyu kawai ga jaguar.
2. Madarar zaki a cikin wadataccen mai ya wuce na saniya sau 6.
3. Harshen pumas yana sanye take da bututun ƙarfe na musamman. Tare da taimakonsu, sun sami damar yar da karamin nama daga wanda aka azabtar.
4. Cougars ne kawai kuliyoyi masu ƙarfi a cikin nahiyar ta Amurka.
5. Matar tana magana da 'ya'yanta tare da saƙo mai ban mamaki suna tunawa da tweet na tsuntsu.
6. Coanyen cougars ba za su bar tsari ba har sai mahaifiyarsu ta kira su.
7. Zuni da Cherokee Indiya sun kasance manyan zakuna dutse.
8. Farauta cougars yayi nasara cikin kashi 80% na lokuta.
9. Dabbobin da aka haifa sakamakon tsallake cougars da damisa ana kiransu pumapards.
10. An haramta farautar Cougar a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Anyi wannan ne domin maido da yawan wadannan dabbobin.
11. Puma da wuya a kai hari mutane. Idan wannan magabatan yana tsoratar da mutum, to babu matsala kuna buƙatar guduwa daga gare shi. Zai fi kyau a kalleshi a ido kuma a fara kuka (an yi imani cewa irin wannan sautin yana tsoratar da waɗannan mafarautan).

Kyakkyawan, sassauƙa da ƙarfi cougar ita ce ainihin uwar gidan sararin samaniya na Amurka. Ba da tsoro cikin shiga cikin yaƙi tare da dabbobi da suka fi ta girma, wannan dabbar daji a mafi yawan lokuta tana fitowa ne da nasara, tana wadatar da kanta da abinci. Cougar yana bin mutum kuma da ƙyar yakan kai masa hari, yana fifita zama nesa da mutane.

Duba kuma mutum

A cikin 1553, Ciez de Leon ya ba da ɗaya daga cikin kwatancen farko. Kalmar cougar ta fito ne daga Quechua, yaren da ake yawan magana da shi kuma Bahaushe ne.

Mutane sun daɗe suna sha'awar alherin da ikon wannan cat. A Kudancin Amurka, sunan cat da yawa yakan yi kama da sunan mutane masu rikitarwa. Hoton cougar ana samunsa sau da yawa akan samfuran yumbu. Incas din yana hade da wannan dabba da allahn sama da aradu. A Arewacin Amurka, alal misali a Wajan Manyan Biranan, sautin da cougar ya fitarwa sun kasance sharrin mutuwa. Sauran kabilun Amurkawa sun bayyana wannan dabbar da mummunar ruhu daga baya. A lokaci guda, a cikin kabilar Cherokee, ya kasance dabba mai tsarki kuma ba a lalata shi.

Puma yawanci yana guje wa mutane, hare-hare ba kasafai ba ne kuma yakan faru ne a lokacin rani ko damina, lokacin da samari cougars suka bar uwayensu suka bunkasa sabon yanki. Tsakanin 1890 da 1990 A Arewacin Amurka, an yi rikodin hare-hare cougar 53 a kan mutane, 40 daga cikinsu sun haifar da rauni, kuma a lokuta 10, mutane sun mutu.

Puma na iya kai hari kan dabbobi: 'yan maruƙa, tumaki, awaki, galibi hakan na faruwa yayin da matasa dabbobi suka koyi farauta. A bayyane yake cewa wannan halin ya haifar da rashin jituwa a tsakanin manoma, kuma zaluncin da suke yi ya rage yawan dabbobi a Arewacin Amurka.

Rarraba da wuraren zama

Puma ɗan ƙasar Amurika ne. Tarihi, dodo ya kasance mafi girma a cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa a Amurka. Yankin rarraba wannan nau'in ya ninka daga kudu na Patagonia zuwa kudu maso gabashin Alaska. A halin yanzu, a Arewacin Amurka, an adana cougar a cikin tsaunukan yankuna na yamma. A Kudancin Amurka, cougar kusan duniya ne.

Waɗannan magabatan sun dace da yanayi iri-iri: suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu ɗumi, da kuma dazuzzukan daji, da filayen ciyawa. Ana iya samun Cougars a cikin tsaunuka a tsaunin 4700 m sama da matakin teku. Rarrabarsu ke rage kawai ta abinci da mafaka. Bugu da kari, cougars na Kudancin Amurka suna guje wa ambaliyar ruwan koguna inda aka sami jaguars.

Don farauta mai nasara, puma na buƙatar mafaka, a baya wanda yake ɓoyewa, satar abubuwa game da ganima, sabili da haka, har ma a cikin bude biotopes, maƙiyin yana zaɓar wuraren da akwai duwatsu ko bushes.

Rayuwa da halayyar zaman jama'a

Cougar na iya zama daidai da rana dare da rana. Canjin aiki ana ƙaddara shi da yunwar. Mafi yawan lokuta, lokacin da aka fi so don farauta shine faɗuwar rana, lokacin da dabba mai shiru take zama marar ganuwa. Cougar an daidaita shi sosai ga rayuwa akan yanayin ƙasa. Tana iya motsawa sauƙaƙe kan tsaunin dutsen, yana hawa bishiyoyi da kan dutse daidai kuma, in ya cancanta, ya iyo sosai.
Kamar kowane wakilan dangin cat (ban da zakuna), tsoffin cougars suna zaune shi kaɗai, namiji da mace suna haɗuwa kawai don kiwo. Girman farautar puma ya dogara da yawan yuwuwar abin farauta kuma a Arewacin Amurka ya kama daga 32 zuwa 1031 sq Km. Girman namiji ya fi na mace girma, kuma maigidan yana kishin shi da sauran maza. Usuallyangaren namiji yawanci an rufe shi tare da farauta dabarun da yawa mata. Dabbobi suna guje wa juna a cikin wuraren da ake takaddama, kuma ana samun wannan ta hanyar sa alama. Cougars alama da wasu wurare tare da fitsari, dusar ƙwaya, ko scrapes - faci na ƙasa, ko bishiyoyi, inda dabbobi suke tatattar maƙobansu, suna barin alamomin gani.

Siffofi da mazauninsu

Babban dabba, mai ƙanƙan da girmansa ga ɗan hamayya zuwa jaguar, ya kai tsayin kusan 120-170 cm, kuma tare da wutsiya har zuwa 2.5 m. Tsawon jikin mutum na babban cougar cat shine daga 60 zuwa 75 cm, nauyi shine 75-100 kg . Maza sun fi girma fiye da na mata da kimanin kashi 30%.

Ja mai launin ja a wuyan kirji da kirji wani inuwa ne mai haske, a kai yana da launin toka mai launi, kuma a kunnuwa da wutsiyar wutsiya - sautunan duhu masu duhu, kusan baki cikin launi. Gabaɗaya, ƙaramin jiki yafi wuta sama da na sama.

Masu bambanta waɗanda ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka suna bambanta ta hanyar abubuwa masu mahimmanci na azurfa, kuma wakilan kudancin pampas da tropics sun kusanci sautunan launin ja. Waɗannan ne kawai kuliyoyin Amurkawan da ke da launi mai laushi. Jawo daga dabbobi yayi gajarta, mai taushi kuma mai yawa.

A dabba cougars hakora masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke ƙayyade shekarun magabaci. Fanfuna suna kamawa don kama ganima, kuma suna yin lalata da tsotsan tsoka da kasusuwa. Tailaƙarin wutsiya mai ƙarfi yana taimakawa wajen daidaitawa yayin motsi da yayin tsalle kan farauta don cat na Amurka.

Canjin jiki mai sauƙin yanayi yana bambanta ta hanyar alheri na musamman. Shugaban yana karami, kunnuwa suna kanana, da zagaye. Alƙawura ƙasa, da faɗi. Kafafun kafaffun hular suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da yawa fiye da na gaba. Yawan yatsunsu a kan paws ya bambanta: huxu a kan hancin da biyar a gaban.

Habitat Cougars masu tsinkaya akwai shimfidar wurare daban-daban: duka wurare biyu masu laushi tare da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, pampas, ƙananan kwari mai zurfi, da kuma tuddai na tsaunuka a Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka zuwa tsakiyar Kanada. Zakin zakoki ya guji latti a arewacin.

Gabar mazaunin dabbobi tana da faɗi, amma a farkon karni na karshe, pumas a Amurka an kusan lalata. Rare puma dabba har ma ya fara hora. Shekaru bayan haka, yana yiwuwa a sake dawo da yawan jama'a, wanda yake daidai da girmansa da rarrabuwa ga damisa, lynxes. Lura cewa cougar mazaunan galibi inda manyan abubuwan farauta ke rayuwa - barewa. Hatta launin gashin furcinsu iri ɗaya ne.

Abinci da tsarin abinci

Puma ɗan maɗaukaki ne wanda ke cin abincin dabbobi. Abun farauta na iya zama dabbobi da yawa iri-iri: daga icear ,an daji, squirrels, kadara, zomaye zuwa coyotes, lynxes da sauran cougars. Hakanan ta ci tsuntsaye, kifi, har ma da katantanwa da kwari. Puma ba za ta ki daga kare ko ciyawa ba, ko ta biri ko biri. Koyaya, babban wuri a cikin abincin cougar an mamaye shi: ungulates: black-tailed, white-tailed da pampas deer, wapiti, moose, caribou da barnacle. A Arewacin Amurka, yawan ungulates a cikin abincin wannan magabacin shine kashi 60% ko fiye. Cougars ya yi nasarar farautar raƙuman da aka rutsa da su cikin tsaunukan Kudancin Amurka. A wani lokaci, sukan kaiwa dabbobi da karnuka da karnuka da kaji.
An kiyasta cewa babban dattin namiji ya kashe barewa kowane kwana 9 - 12, yana cin nama har 8 kilogiram nama a lokaci daya, kuma ya ɓoye ragowar. Har sai an ci ganima, dabbar ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kusa, tana hutawa kusa da cakar ta. Sauran masu farautar, da masu ba da izini, suna ƙoƙarin more ragowar abinci, kuma sau da yawa cougar gobe zai sake yin farauta. Maharbi yakan yi farauta da maraice, yana da sauƙi mutum ya ɗan fizge ganima, amma idan yana jin yunwa, yana iya gwada sa'ar sa da rana.

Pum tsaro

Hoto: Puma daga Littafin Jan

Guda uku na cougars an jera su a cikin Shafi I CITES: Puma concolor couguar, Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor costaricensis. An haramta farautarsu a cikin dukkan ƙasashe ko iyakance. Koyaya, makiyaya ko masu farauta suna ci gaba da kare gonakinsu daga zakuna na dutse ta hanyar kashe cougars farauta dabbobin.

Florida puma Puma concolor coryi bisa hukuma ce aka jera su a cikin IUCN Red Jerin kuma an ba shi matsayin "cikin mawuyacin hali". Yana ƙarƙashin kulawa mai ƙarfi, an kirkiro ajiyar abubuwa tare da kiyaye namun daji, inda aka sanya radiyo don sa ido kan motsin dabbobi. A cikin dabbobi dabbobi suna da tushe kuma suna kawo zuriya.

Masana kimiyya suna aiki akan yuwuwar ƙetara jinsunan Florida cougar tare da sauran. An shirya sake tsara zakin Amurka a wasu jihohi, amma wannan aikin ba mai sauki bane. Yawan gandun daji na Florida ba sau da yawa da sauri, misali, gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka.

A halin yanzu, ana yin ƙoƙari don ɗaukar dabbobin daji kamar dabbobi. Koyaya, koyaushe akwai haɗarin tsaro na ɗan adam. Wadanda suke son kawo irin wannan dabba ta gidan zuwa gidan dole ne su tuna cewa wadannan magabatansu masu iko da alheri ba sa son yin biyayya ga kowa kuma sun fi kauna.

Cougar - halitta mai adalci cikin aminci dangane da mutum. An tabbatar da cewa sun guji mutane masu tsayi. Wadanda harin ya ritsa da su galibi yara ne ko kuma wasu mutane da ke yawo a kusa da zaki a dare. Idan ana saduwa da dabba, ba a ba da shawarar gudu, duba cikin idanunsa kuma kukan.

Vocalization

Saboda kebantaccen tsarin maƙogwaron, cougars ba zai iya ruri da ƙarfi ba, su dabbobi ne masu shuru. Jin kukan, kadan kamar kukan ɗan adam, mata ne kawai ke fitarwa yayin lokacin dabbar. Sadarwa tare da kittens, suna "magana" mafi natsuwa. Bugu da kari, cougars na iya yin wanka kamar kuliyoyi na gida.