Grizzly kai, ko bear bear (a cikin Latin Ursus arctos horribilis) - wani yanki ne na bera mai launin ruwan kasa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan dabbobi da ke rayuwa musamman a Alaska da yammacin Kanada.
Akwai jita-jita da yawa game da bears grizzly. Mafarauta suna magana game da tsoron wannan dabba da kuma tsoron da take zugawa. Amma menene ainihin sanannun game da wannan dabbar bear?
Bayyanar
A cikin girma da kuma bayyanar sa, grizzly bear yayi daidai da raunin da Siberian yake dashi na bera mai launin ruwan kasa. Shi mai girma ne, mai nauyi da ƙarfi. Halin da yake rarrabewa shine kasancewar dogo (kusan 15 cm). Irin waɗannan kafan suna sa shi farauta mai farauta, amma ba zai iya hawa bishiyoyi ba.
Tsawon jikin grizzly akan matsakaita shine 2.5-2.8 m, amma wasu mutane zasu iya kaiwa har zuwa 4. Mitar nauyin bera shine 500 kilogiram akan matsakaici, amma zai iya kaiwa 1 ton. Matan sun kai kimanin kilogram 350.
Jikin dabbar yana da ƙarfi, ƙwayar tsoka, an rufe shi da kaƙo mai kauri. Launin bango na baya da kafada shine launin shuɗi, sauran sassan jiki sune launin ruwan kasa. Daga nesa, dabbar tana da launin toka. Saboda haka sunan grizzly bear, wanda fassara daga Turanci a matsayin "launin toka."
Gashin kansa yana da girma tare da kananan kunnuwa masu zagaye. Mucks na dabba yana ɗan ɗanɗano eɗe, a ƙarshensa hanci ne mai baki. Yana da hankali sosai. Idanun suna gaban kai, su ma ƙanana ne.
Grizzly jaws suna ci gaba sosai. Akwai hakora masu karfi da yawa a cikin bakin.
Rufin beyar yayi gajarta, amma da karfi sosai. Gobe ta fi guntu da fadi fiye da kafafun kafa. Wutsun dabbar ya ɗan gajarta fiye da na dabbar bera.
Yaɗa
Da zarar grizzlies sun rayu a cikin yankin fara daga arewacin Mexico, kuma a cikin sararin zuwa Alaska da Texas. Amma a yau, waɗannan dabbobin za a iya samun su a Alaska da yammacin Kanada. An ware mutanen dake kewaya a arewacin Idaho (cikin tsaunin Rocky), a yammacin Montana da arewa maso yammacin Wyoming, da kuma a arewacin tsaunin Cascade (Amurka, Washington).
Grizzly salon da halaye
Grizzlies suna haifar da rayuwa mai kama da beyar launin ruwan kasa: suma galibi suna cin abincin shuka, kuma suna hibernate a cikin hunturu.
Saboda babban faffadar, berayen bera basa iya hawa bishiyoyi, a cikin samarin su sai su hau har sai an kirkiro manyan kaho. Adult grizzly iya sauƙi tsallaka kogin. Waɗannan suna ɗaukar kifi, suna ciyar da zuma, wanda suke samu, suna lalata amya.
Girman bera bashi da tsoron kusan kowa. A sauƙaƙe yana iya jimre ko da cizo. Dabbobin daji da dabbobi, da ganin babban gazuwa, suna jin tsoro. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa grizzly ba ta da maƙiya.
Duk da cewa ana ta kai munanan hare-hare a kan mutane, wasu tsoron mutane a cikin jaka. Akwai lokuta yayin da beyar ke ɓoyewa, yana jin warin ɗan adam.
A cikin ƙuruciyarsu, gizagizai jingina ne mai ban dariya wanda suke da sauƙi ga hora. Zasu iya wasa tare da mutane har ma da kare su. Rayuwar grizzly cikin bauta daidai yake da ta talakawa - a cikin hunturu tana tafe a cikin kogo.
Grizzlies bears guda ne. Suna ta yawo koyaushe, suna kangewa iri iri tare da wasu wakilan nau'ikan su. Grizzly bear rikice-rikice tare da wasu bears na iya faruwa ne kawai a lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.
Da zaran beyar ta farka bayan shagulgulan, sai ya tashi ya tafi. Ya kwashe lokaci mai tsawo yana neman abinci. A cikin kaka, grizzlies suna cin wahalar tara babban lokacin farin ciki, wanda zai isa duka lokacin hunturu. Sannan sun fara ba da ramin don hunturu. Don wannan, karamin tudu ya dace sosai, wanda a cikin hunturu zai ɓoye a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Ba za a iya kiran matsalar rashin jin daɗi na bera mai zurfi ba, ya fi kama da hasken wuta. A wannan lokacin, yanayin jikin dabba na daskarewa.
Lokacin da narkewa ta shiga, beyar ya bar kogon ya fita waje neman abinci. Amma idan dusar ƙanƙara ta sake ci gaba, ƙwaya ta koma kan rami, inda zata zauna har zuwa lokacin da zafin ya fara.
Abinci mai gina jiki
An yi imani da cewa Bears masu kisan jini ne, amma a zahiri sun gwammace su ci berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Sunada kansu ga tsarin kaddara, amma abubuwa ne daban. Haƙiƙar baƙin hakora suna dacewa da abinci mai cakuda.
Daga abincin tsire-tsire, grizzlies suna amfani da ƙananan harbe na tsire-tsire, kwayoyi, berries da 'ya'yan itace, algae, asalinsu. Wani lokacin beyar mai launin toka na iya cin ƙwai tsuntsu, kifi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kwaɗi, gami da kwari da larvae. Suna ciyar da abinci. Suna jin ƙanshi a nesa mai nisan kilomita 28.
Manyan dabbobi ma ana farautar su da sihiri. Yawancin lokaci, waɗanda abin ya shafa sun tsufa, mutane marasa lafiya, ko ƙwararren saurayi.
Babbar bear begen yana da iko sosai har da tsananin ƙarfinsa da kaifi mai kaifi, zai iya kashe barewa. Wannan zai samar masa da abinci na tsawon mako guda. Bayan farauta da cin abinci, beyar ta huta. Yana yin wannan a cikin tuddai na dutse ko cikin ramin ɗan lokaci wanda aka yi liyafa da ciyawa.
Lokacin da salmon spawning ya faru, grizzlies sukan taru kusa da gabar koguna, suna ƙoƙarin kama kifaye. Kuma tunda sun yi iyo sosai, koguna masu ruwa basa tsoronsu. Don kama kifayen, sai suka sa ƙyallen a cikin kogin suka kama kifin da bakinsa, ko kuma su murƙushe shi da duniyan. Wasu bears suna da fasaha sosai don suna iya kama kifaye a kan tashi lokacin da suka tsallake daga ruwa. Udan zuma suna kama kifi musamman cikin rukuni, kowannensu yana da nasa tsarin.
Grizzly Bears kuma suna son lalata kudan zuma da cin zuma.
Zuriya
Lokacin damuna na bera mai launin toka ya fadi a watan Yuni. A wannan lokacin, namiji zai iya jin ƙanshin mace ko da a cikin nisan mil da dama. Tare, ma'aurata sun zama 3-4 kawai, mafi ƙarancin kwanaki 10 (isasshen hadi), sannan kuma su watse.
Mace tana ƙyamar yaran har tsawon kwanaki 250, kuma tuni a watan Janairu, an haife ƙaramin cuban mata. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar san 2-3. Suna nauyin 400-700 g .. cubawon ɗiya ana haife su tsirara, makafi da rashin kula, saboda haka watanni da yawa mahaifiyar ke lura da su.
A karo na farko kenan da suka fito daga kogon rami a ƙarshen bazara (ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu). A hankali mama ta saba musu don samun abinci. Zuriya daga baya suna bin uwa duk inda suke. Amma wani lokacin a wannan zamani, maza manya na iya kaiwa hari ga cuban sandar.
Da farko daga lokacin sanyi, beyar ta fara neman sabon kogo, mafi faɗi, ga babban danginta. A shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, 'ya' yansu sun bar mahaifiyarsu kuma suka sami 'yanci sosai.
Har ila yau, lokacin balaga na mace yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 3, kuma maza - yana da shekaru 4. Grizzlies ya shiga tsakanin sauran nau'in beyar. Don haka, lokacin da aka ƙetare ƙudirin grizzly tare da belar polar, wani tsiro mai haɓaka (mai iya haɓaka zuriya) ya tashi - polar grizzlies.
Darajar grizzlies ga mutane
Gwargwadon grizzly shine ɗayan manyan mafarauta na Arewacin Amurka, wanda aka san shi da rashin tsoro. Masana kimiyyar suna kiran wannan ƙananan bala'in horribilis (wato, "ban tsoro, mummunan"). Jita-jita tana da cewa beyar ba ta tsoron mutane. Zai iya yin adawa da wani mutum, koda kuwa yana da makamai.
Yawan waɗannan dabbobin a farkon karni na ashirin sun haɓaka sosai wanda adadinsu ya wuce mutum dubu 100. Sun fara kai hari kan garkunan dabbobi, har ma da mutanen da kansu. Don kare kansu da dabbobi daga wannan magabatan, manoma da yawa sun fara harba hayaƙi, a sanadiyyar yawan jama'arsu ya ragu sosai (kusan sau 30).
Yau, grizzly Bears sun karbi matsayin kariya. Ana iya samun su galibi a cikin wuraren shakatawa na Amurka: Glacier, Dutsen McKinley, Yellowstone, daga inda ake sake su zuwa wasu yankuna na Amurka. Har wa yau, adadin bears yana da kusan mutum dubu 50. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna, grizzlies ya ninka sosai har suka bada izinin farauta na yanayi. Gashi yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 30.
Aka maimaita maganar shari'ar da aka yiwa mutum da gemu, wanda a lokuta da dama yakan mutu. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa sun kasance 'yan yawon bude ido waɗanda suka zo da beyar a lokacin da beyar ke neman abinci. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun ce beyar na iya kaiwa mutum hari idan ya rikice yayin cin abinci.
Hadarin da ke tattare da jigilar mutane a jikin mutum shine beyar yana da ƙarfi sosai: yana iya kashewa tare da bugun aya. Amma irin waɗannan halayen ba su da yawa. Idan mutum ya harbi beyar kuma ya ji masa rauni - dabbar ta zama mafi tsananin zafi. Yana da matukar wuya a kubuta daga gare shi, saboda, duk da girman girma, grizzly yana gudana da sauri kuma yana iyo da kyau.
A Arewacin Amurka (a tsakanin Indiyawan) ana ɗaukarsa babban abu don auna ƙarfin ƙarfi tare da ƙima. Mutumin da ya ci nasara bisa bera mai karba yana karɓar abin wuya da haƙoransa azaman lada.
Girgiza kai bidiyo
Yakin mafarauta a cikin kwaruruka na Tsarin National Yellowstone a Amurka. Masu mallakar filin shakatawa sun ci karo da sabbin abokan hamayyar da suka zo daga arewa - fakitoci na kyar. Shafin tare da fim: Bershan bears da Wolves.
Kuma ku kalli bidiyon:
- Grizzly Bear Fight - Manyan manyan masu farauta biyu sun gano wata dangantaka.
- Yaƙin grizzly Bears - bidiyo daga tashar tashoshin dabbobi (Turanci).
- Yaƙin grizzly yana ɗauke da lamba ta 2.
- Grizzly Bear Film - Austin Stevens matafiyi hotunan hotunan gulma a cikin gandun daji na Yammacin Kanada.
- Grizzly Bear da Polar Bear - Fim daga jerin Wild America.
- Grizzly ta kama bison - bidiyo mai son daga Yellowstone Park.
Fim game da grizzly bear
Akwai tsaunukan tsaunin tuddai da budurwa na Alaska da Kanada wanda ke almara da rayuwa mai ban tsoro, waɗanda sune mafi kusancin dangi na launin ruwan kasa. Waɗannan magabatan suna zaune a cikin yan tsirarun dabbobi a Amurka.
Wannan babban mayaudari ne wanda bashi da makiya a cikin daji. Hakanan bashi da yankin da zai dawwama. Duk da cewa ba shi da abokan gaba, ya yi ƙoƙarin kauce wa haɗuwa da wanda ba a so tare da danginsa ko dabbobinsu girmansa. Grizzly yana ciyar da yawancin bazara da lokacin bazara ne kawai don neman abinci. A hankali ya kauce wa yanayin rikice-rikice, duk da haka, a lokacin lokacin canjin, gwagwarmaya sashi ne mai mahimmanci na rayuwar beyar. A cikin irin waɗannan rikice-rikice, maza da yawa sukan yi nasara. A cikin hunturu, grizzly bear hibernates. Abin da ya sa a cikin kaka ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci gwargwadon abin da zai yiwu. Wannan ya bashi damar tara kitse domin ya iya bacci tsawon watanni. A lokacin hutu, jikin beyar yayi sanyi kawai 'yan digiri. Tsarin rayuwa yana tafiyar hawainiya, wannan yana bawa bears damar tsira lokacin hunturu rabin barci. A mafi yawancin lokuta, mafarauta, kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, tono wuraren kwanansu, wasu kuma suna neman mafaka ta zahiri. Lokacin da aka rufe duniya da farin "bargo" na dusar ƙanƙara, kawai sai ga grizzly zai hau cikin kogonsa ya yi barci har sai lokacin bazara.
Hibernation yana ƙare ne kawai da farkon kwanakin dumi da kuma dumama ƙasa. Matan da ba su yi awo da marayu ba kuma maza ne farkon wanda ya bar “gidansu” na hunturu. Yanayin yanayi ne kawai da yanayin dabbobi daban-daban musamman kan dogaro da lokacin kammala hular kwanciyar hankali. Babban aikin grizzly, bayan rashin tsari, shine neman abinci.
Grizzly kai
Yuni shine lokacin wasannin layya grizzly kai. Kafin dabbar, namiji dole ne ya lalata matar. Yana girma a hankali yana ƙoƙarin taɓa gefen jikinta da hanci. Tsawon kwanaki 180 zuwa 250, mahaifiyar tana dauke da jaririn a karkashin zuciyarta. Haɓakar ƙwai a cikin mahaifar ba ya fara nan da nan, amma a cikin fall kawai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mahaifiyar ta gaba tana buƙatar samun kitsen mai da ake buƙata don ciyar da jariri na gaba. Wannan lokacin gestation ana kiranta latent. Bear cubs koyaushe yakan faru ne kawai a cikin hunturu watanni a cikin kwanciyar hankali da kuma dadi. Smallaramin tsayi kuma mai nauyin gram 500 kawai, makafi, marasa hakora da woolan ulu.
Watanni da yawa, macen tana ciyar da zuriyarta kawai tare da madara yayin da suke cikin ramin. Matakan farko na rashin tabbas na yaran, tare da mahaifiyarsu, ana ɗaukar su a tsakiyar Afrilu - farkon Mayu, suna barin shinge mai kyau na gidan. A wannan lokacin, yaran suna ciyar da mahaifiyarsu ne kaɗai, waɗanda suke koyar da kansu don samun abinci. Mazaje sukan zama masu kisan giya, duk da irin kulawar da uwa takeyi akai.
KA SAN CEWA ...
- Archaeologists, dangane da kayan ramuka, sunyi jayayya cewa ragowar da aka samu a yankin Turai ta zamani na mallakar gemun da suke zaune a can sama da shekaru miliyan 13 da suka gabata.
- A da, karni na XX, sama da mutane dubu 90 suka kasance a Arewacin Amurka. A yau, yan kwancen kafa biyar ne kawai na wannan nau'in da ke zaune a Alaska da Kanada. A Amurka babu dabbobi sama da 300.
- Dabba zata iya gudu zuwa tsayi zuwa mita ɗari a tsini daidai da saurin dawakai. Duk da kwancen kafa da saurinsa, kusan abu ne mai wuya ka kubuta daga magabacin fushi.
Grizzly Bear farauta
Grizzly bears suna ko'ina kuma abincinsu yana da bambanci sosai. Ba nama kawai shine babban tushen abinci ba. Dabbobin suna cin 'ya'yan itace, ciyawa da berries na daji tare da nishaɗi. Jaws dabbar ta sami damar tauna abincin ba kawai, har ma da abincin dabbobi. Koyaya, don tara mai, da mahimmanci don lokacin hunturu, dabba dole ne ya ci nama.
Ingancin warin da ya kama mai farashi na iya kama wari a nesa da kilomita 28. Neman abinci, grizzly bear ba ya ƙin ɗaukar abinci da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Tare da rashin abinci, ba wai kawai ya tono Tushen ne da cin algae ba, har ma yana jin daɗin berries da kwayoyi a cikin gandun daji.
Idan dabba mara lafiya ko dabba mai rauni, da saurayi, ya bayyana akan hanyar maƙarƙashiya, hakika zai fara farauta da kisa, komai girman su. Babban ganima har na tsawon kwana biyar zai iya zama tushen abincinta na abinci don beyar da ƙanana. Wani dangi na kusa da dusar ƙanƙan dafe shine beyar mai launin ruwan kasa. Ya yi girma babba (Ursusarctoskarazarin) zaune a Kodiak Island da Alaska. Waɗannan ƙaddarar su ma masunta ne masu kyau. Lokacin da salmon tayi tafiya sama, basu rasa damar su ba. A cikin makonni da yawa, kifi ya kasance farkon tushen abinci mai gina jiki.
Me grizzlies suke ci
Kifi fasaha ce da dole kowane mai jurewa ya zama dole don ya rayu. Manya da manyan mutane suna ɗaukar wurare mafi kyau. Suna shiga cikin ruwa akan rapids ɗin kuma suna harbi cinyoyinsu suna ƙoƙarin jefa tsalle-tsalle daga cikin ruwan. Bea bea da bears da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun bears yawancinsu suna zama ba tare da kamawa ba. Suna amfani da karfinsu ne kawai wajen bin kifin cikin ruwa. Wani lokacin mafarautan suna zaune a hankali suna zaune a leji a tsakiyar kogin kuma kawai suna lura da kifin, nan da nan tsalle a kai. Ta wannan hanyar kamun kifi, suna ƙoƙarin kama shi da haƙoransu.
Girman kai mai tsananin jurewa yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa ne kawai. Sai a lokacin salman ya motsa kawai suke taruwa wuri guda. Wannan yana magana ne kawai game da gasa mai zafi da karfi mafi karfi sami wurare masu fa'ida don kamun kifi. Mai rauni, saurayi ko budurwa da ke da sanduna suna wadatuwa da wuraren da ba su da fa'ida.
Grizzly kai paw
Cubs Ana haife shi sau goma kasa da tsawon beyar.
Da kwatantawa: haɓakar ɗan adam ɗan adam sau uku ne da ƙasa da girma girma.
Alkuhu: endare tare da ƙarfi m m claws. Gwargwadon grizzly yana amfani da babban paws don kamun kifi da kuma yayin yaƙin. Arfin da ba zai iya yiwuwa ba a cikin dabbobin, idan yayi tasiri, zai iya kashe babban dabbar.
Waɗannan kalmomi nawa 3,000 da na so in raba tare masu karatu.