Martes pennanti, wanda kuma aka sani da masunta na cat, ɗan asalin dabbobi masu shayarwa ne na Arewacin Amurka. Yana da alaƙa da marten Amurka, amma ya fi shi girma.
An tarwatsa Ilka a tsakiyar nahiyar, yana fadada daga dazuzzukan daji a arewacin Kanada akan iyakar Amurka. Yankin sa na farko ya fi zuwa kudu, amma a shekarun baya an fara neman irin wadannan dabbobi, don haka a karni na 19 suna gab da karewa. Taƙaitawa a kan harbi da tarko ya haifar da farfado da jinsin har ya zama ana ɗaukar su kwari a wasu biranen New England.
Ilka mai cin gashin kansa ne wanda ke da siririn siriri, siriri. Wannan ya ba ta damar bin abin da ke cikin daji a cikin kogon bishiyoyi ko kuma tono ƙasa. Ana kiranta masunta masunta. Duk da sunan ta, wannan dabarar ba ta cin kifi. Duk batun shine rikice-rikice na sunaye a cikin yaruka daban-daban. Sunansa na Faransa yana da daraja, ma'ana ferret. A sakamakon canzawar ma'anar “fassarar” zuwa Turanci, ya zama mafi inganci, wanda yake nufin “masunta”, duk da cewa basu da bambanci tsakanin masunta.
Bayyanar
Dabbobin dabbobi mata, a matsakaita, sun fi maza girma. Tsawon jikin mutum ya girma daga 900 zuwa 1200 mm. Girman jikin mutum baya wuce gram 3500-5000. Jikin mace yana daga 750 zuwa 950 mm a tsayi kuma tsawon 2000 zuwa 2500 a nauyi. Tsawon wutsiya na maza ya bambanta tsakanin 370 da 410 mm, kuma tsawon wutsiya na mata ya kai daga 310 zuwa 360 mm.
Launin launi na ulu mai bambanta daga matsakaici zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Hakanan za'a iya samun inuwa na zinariya da na azurfa waɗanda ke kan kai da kafadun dabbar. An rufe wutsiya da ƙafafu da ulu baƙi. Hakanan akan kirji na mai farauta na iya zama wani yanki mai haske. Launi na Jawo da ƙirar ya bambanta tsakanin mutane, ya dogara da jinsi da kakar. Ilka yana da yatsun hannu guda biyar, yatsun su ba mai tsawo ba ne.
Ilka
Ilka Abin nasa ne daga dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin Marten. Ilka shine wakili mafi girma na masu martaba. A wata hanyar, ana kiranta pecan ko marten-angler. Duk da wannan suna, wannan dabarar ba ta cin kifi. Asalin kalmar "masunta" an danganta shi da masanin turanci, ingantaccen faranti na Faransa, wanda ke nufin ferret.
Habitat
Wannan nau'in Marten mazaunin gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka ne, daga California, tsaunin Sierra Nevada, kuma ya ƙare tare da West Virginia, yankin Appalachian. Wurin zama mazaunin tudun ƙasa ne da gandun daji, waɗanda ke da kambi na sama mai yawa. Yana iya zama gauraye, coniferous ko deciduous gandun daji.
Theasan daji da aka fi so don ita shine gandun daji mai ɗora tare da ɗumbin bishiyoyi masu yawa, rami mai zurfi, gindin itace, busasshen itace da guguwa Yawanci, tari yakan dogara ne akan nau'in bishiyoyi kamar fir, spruce, thuja, wani lokacin akan wasu rikicewa. Yayi nesa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Wadannan dabbobin suna jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki yayin rana. Duk da cewa da tarin hauhakin bishiyoyi da kyau, ya fi dacewa a gare shi ya hau ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, wannan wakilin marten sau da yawa ya zauna a cikin burrows, wanda tsawon dogon tunnels yawanci dage farawa, dug a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tushen abincin wannan magabacin shine raccoon, hares, muskrats, beavers, squirrels, mice, shrey da tsuntsayen. Ilka yana kashe ganima sakamakon cizo a yankin na bayan kai na wuya ko kuma wuya. Lokacin da ya farauta, yakan bincika irin wuraren ɓoye na ɓoyayyun abubuwa kamar shara da ɓarnatattun bishiyoyi. Yawan neman abin da ke faruwa yana da wuya ya zama mai nisa. Yana kuma cin berries da 'ya'yan itace, kamar su apples, nuts, moss da ferns. Ilka bazai raina dabbobi ba, irin su dabbobi da aka kashe da barewa.
Koyaya, abincin da aka fi so don wannan magabaci shine porcupines na itace. Haƙiƙa, manufar maƙasudin fuska a cikin tafarnuwa ne, wanda ba shi da kariya ta hanyar allura mai wuya. Yana yin tsalle-tsalle kuma yana sa wanda aka azabtar dashi a cikin motsi kullun. Sakamakon irin wannan harin, baranda ya fada cikin wawanci kuma ya fadi ba tare da karfi ba a gefen sa, kuma maharbi ya kama hancinsa da hakora. Marten ɗayan tanda ɗaya a matsayin tushen abinci ya isa kwanaki da yawa. Koyaya, Ilka ba koyaushe ne ake cin nasara ba; wasu mutane na iya yin mummunan rauni ko ma a kashe su.
Ilka da wani wakilin dangin Marten (Marten Amurka) suna daga cikin ƙananan karnukan da ke iya cinye abubuwa cikin ɓoye da ɓoye. Ya kan farauta a kowane lokaci na rana, da dare da rana. Zai iya hutawa a wani wuri a keɓe, kamar itacen ɓaure, tarko a cikin dutsen ko a ƙarƙashin tarko.
Kiwo
Ilka yana cikin halin rayuwa ne kawai. Ya danganta da yawan samarwa, shafukan yanar gizon kowannensu suna da girma dabam kuma sun bambanta daga 4 zuwa 50 sq Km, matsakaicin adadi shine kilomita 25. Maza suna da yankuna da yawa fiye da na mace.
Hadin kai ya faru ne kawai a daidai lokacin daskarewa, wanda zai kasance daga ƙarshen hunturu zuwa farkon lokacin bazara. Duk tsawon lokacin kiwo, dabbobi suna yin sautin halayyar da tayi kama da kukan yara. Idan daya namiji ya shiga yankin wani, to ya yiwu fada tsakanin su. Don ƙayyade iyakokin ƙasarsu, suna amfani da fitsari da asirin glandon da ke kan hannayen paws.
A cikin mace, daukar ciki ya ci gaba a duk shekara. Saurin isa bayan haihuwa, ta sake yin shiri. Cubs an haife shi kusan tsirara da makafi. A cikin ɗan tsintsiya ɗaya zai iya zuwa 5. Suna samun 'yanci ta watan 5 na rayuwa. Matsakaicin rayuwa na tari zai iya kaiwa shekaru 10.
Daraja ga mutum
Wani mutum ya ci gaba da wannan marten, duk da tsananin furcinsa. A wasu lokutan Ilka yakan shiga yankunan karkara kuma suma kansu cikin rijiyoyin ƙasa. Hakanan zai iya farautar ƙananan karnuka da ɓarayi. Ilka na iya zama runduna da keɓaɓɓu kuma mai ɗaukar cutar canine, brucellosis, rabies da sauran cututtuka.
Ilka ya shiga cikin ka'idar adadin yawan porcupine wanda ke lalata kananan bishiyoyi da amfanin gona.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Ilka mutum ne mai hazaka mai tsayi da itace. Haka kuma, galibi wadannan dabbobin suna motsawa ne a kasa. Su ne gaba daya kadai. Babu wata hujja da ta nuna cewa ilki ta taɓa tafiya cikin nau'i-nau'i ko rukuni, ban da kwanakin halayen ma'aurata. Bayyanancin bayyanar da tsokanar zalunci galibi ana lura da maza, wanda ke tabbatar da darajar rayuwa ce ta masu fa'ida. Wadannan magabatan suna aiki da rana da dare. Zasu iya zama masu iyo masu iyo.
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna amfani da wuraren shakatawa don nishaɗi, kamar rami na bishiyoyi, kututture, rami, shinge na rassan da keɓaɓɓun daga rassan, a kowane lokaci na shekara. A cikin hunturu, gidansu ƙaƙƙarfan burushi ne. Ilka na iya zama a cikin mazaunin a duk shekara, amma galibi yana zaune a cikinsu cikin bazara da kaka. Don yawon shakatawa, suna gina kogon dusar ƙanƙara wanda yayi kama da burma a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya yi ta da magudan rake da yawa.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Ba za ku iya haɗuwa da su sau da yawa ba, tun da suna da "yanayin rufin asiri."
Girman yankin da aka ba da kariya ya bambanta tsakanin murabba'in kilomita 15 zuwa 35, matsakaita game da muraba'in kilomita 25. Kowane ɗayan ɓangarorin maza suna da girma fiye da mace kuma yana iya ma'amala da su, amma su, a matsayin mai mulkin, basu dace da jerin waɗansu maza ba. Kowane mutum na Ilka yana da kyakkyawan jin ƙanshi, ji da gani. Suna yin magana da junan su ta hanyar murmushi.
Kodayake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan yawan waɗannan magabatan a wasu yankuna, musamman a kudancin Ontario da New York, tuni sun murmure. A cikin wadannan yankuna, suna dacewa da kasantuwa da gaban mutum har suka zurfafa a cikin yankuna na kewayen birni. A wa annan wuraren, an sami rahotannin yawaitar kai hare-hare ta tari akan dabbobi da ma yara.
Yana da mahimmanci a yarda cewa waɗannan mafarautan sun yi ƙoƙari su nemo abinci kuma su kare kansu, amma yana da matukar wahala a kira shi tabbatacce. Don tabbatar da amincin kansu, an nemi mazauna karkara da su hana shigowa da datti, sauran abincin dabbobi da wuraren kiwon kaji. A cikin yanayin da ke damuwa, ilki sun sami damar amsawa da ƙarfi ga barazanar da aka ji. Marasa lafiya wakilan jinsunan kuma zasu iya yin halayen musamman ba a tsammani.
Rayuwa
Duk da sunan ta, Pine marten da wuya ta kama kifi. Babban abincinsa shine hares da rodents, kamar mice, squirrels, beavers da muskrats. Amma ban da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, pecans suma suna farautar rakon, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, da tsuntsayen. Idan za ta yiwu, ku ci ƙwai tsuntsu. Wataƙila Marten baya ƙin ɗaukar kaya, idan yana jin yunwa sosai. Wani lokacin pecans yakan ci berries da 'ya'yan itace.
Wannan maharbin yana kama wadanda abin ya shafa a doron kasa da kan bishiyoyi, har ila yau yana shiga cikin karsashi. Wannan dabba ce mai aiki, da alama cewa dare da rana, a kowane lokaci na shekara, pecans suna neman ganima. Amma wani lokacin, ba shakka, har yanzu yana yin hutu a cikin farauta. Sannan Marten ya hau cikin rami, rami ko tarko, inda yake bacci, ya huta - yana dawo da ƙarfi.
A cikin dusar ƙanƙara, pecans wani lokacin suna kai hari ga manyan dabbobi - deer matasa.
Idan lokacin ya yi kama da yunwar musamman, ana iya samar da pecans a cikin filayen girke-girke na birni kuma su shiga gefen biranen. An sami maganganu na pecans suna kai hari kan dabbobi da yara.
Pecans kansu yakamata suyi hattara da manyan mafarauta. Abokan gaba na wannan dabba sune dawakai, lynxes, zakuna dutse. Marten anglers da tsuntsayen ganima an farauta su: owls, hawks, gaggafa. Ga mutum, Marten-angler yana da ban sha'awa saboda kazamin furfura. Koyaya, wannan Jawo bashi da kyau sosai kuma mai daɗi ga taɓawa, don haka mafarautan dabbobi na Jawo suna wakiltar babban haɗari ga pecans.
Idan wannan dabba tana buƙatar hutawa, to, tana ba da fifiko ga wuraren ɓoye.
Marten anglers dabbobi guda ne. Suna motsawa wurin farautarsu da wurin kusan kilomita 25 kuma, tun da suka lura da ƙasarsu wani ɗan jinsi iri guda, yana da tashin hankali. Pecans alama ce kan iyakokin wuraren farauta na mutum tare da fitsari da kuma asirin glandar plantar.
Bayanan Ban sha'awa
Pecan yana da iko ɗaya mai ban sha'awa: wannan dabba wani lokacin tana kulawa da kashe porcupine. Hanya ta duel kamar haka: marten yayi kokarin ciza boon kwalin a cikin makarkashinsa wanda ba a kiyaye shi, allurar ta tanada kullun, tana kokarin tserewa daga harin, sai ta fashe, ta fadi a gefenta, kuma pecan ya tsaya a ciki. Amma, ya kamata a sani cewa sakamakon wasan ba koyaushe ne ba shi da tabbas.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Fisher gashi - menene?
Idan ka yanke shawara siyan sutura daga masunta, to wannan zaɓi ne mai kyau. Saboda ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano da furɗinsa mai sauƙi, zai kasance mai danshi da kwanciyar hankali a cikin sanyi, yayin da yake da alama asali.
Fisher an bada shawara ga waɗanda ba su gamsu da kullun-mink kamar su ba, amma suna son asali. A takaice, yana jawo hankalin hankali, kayan amfani masu tsayi a tsayi - menene kuma ake buƙata daga gashin gashi?
Pecan fur yana da fasali ɗaya. Tana da dansandan da ya fi gajarta taushi a wuyanta, kuma a kasan ta ya zama duhu ya fi tsayi. Saboda wannan, jigon launuka na fata a cikin samfurin da aka gama yana da wuya - ba shi da sauƙi a doke miƙa mulki don ya yi kama da motsa ƙira kuma yana da kyau.
Tsarin sarari al'ada shine daidaituwa daga wuyan sama kuma rushe ƙasa, da dadewa. Wadannan riguna na gashi suna kama da na asali.
Saboda halayen Jawo, madaidaiciya, wani lokacin dacewa, suttattun fur sau da yawa ana sumbata. Tsarin yana da sauki kamar yadda zai yiwu - gashin riguna ya ci nasara a lokacin kashe aku da kansa. Ba sabon abu bane don samfurin ya narke. Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo ne da gajarta.
Abubuwan samfuran mata da na maza ana ɗora su daga phisher. Ya yi kyau a duka bangarorin. Jaket daga ciki, jaket na Jawo babbar nasara ce. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don yin ado kwanduna, hoods.
Launin halitta na Jawo daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baƙi zuwa launin ruwan kasa-dafi. Sau da yawa, Fisher-Pecan fur na suttura ana fentin a karkashin sable, don haka a zahiri wannan fur ɗin tana kama da shi. Amma a yawancin lokuta ana amfani da su da kirki.
Fisher fur: menene?
Da yawa suna sha'awar furcin masunta - wane irin dabba? Kuma babu wani abin mamaki a cikin wannan. Gaskiyar ita ce akwai rikice-rikice mai yawa waɗanda masu siyar da sihiri marasa ƙarfi suna ƙarfafa ƙarfi a cikin shagunan Jawo. Zamu gano hakan kuma da alama kuna iya rikita wannan fur ɗin da wasu.
Amma da farko, game da kaddarorin: sa mashin ya zama daidai da marten, amma kuna buƙatar la'akari da tsayin danshin fur ɗin. Fisher yana da bambancin yanayin fata: akan wuyansa, Jawo yana da wuya, mottled da ƙanƙane, sannu a hankali yana motsawa zuwa tsibin cikin duhu mai kama da fata. Wannan fasalin na musamman ne ga Pecan. An samo wannan dabbar ne kawai a Arewacin Amurka!
A waje, Jawo “sako-sako” ne, yana da matukar tasirin gaske - da zarar ka gan shi, ba za ka gauraya shi da komai ba. Wannan babban dabba har zuwa tsayi a tsayi, daga dangin Marten.
Zuwa taɓawa, fur ɗin yana kusa da marten. Amma da ya fi girma fata, da mafi tsauri da ba na roba zai zama.
Mutane da yawa suna kwatanta phisher da sable, kuma sau da yawa a cikin shagunan zaka iya jin labarin wannan fur, sai su ce, sable. Tun da farashinsa yana da ƙasa da na Sable na Rasha, saboda mutane da yawa, kalmar ta zama alama ce mai daɗi.
Yadda kusancin waɗannan tunani ya kasance ga gaskiya, za mu bincika a ƙasa.
Canja ko marten?
Anan fara babbar rikicewa, wanda masu siyarwa suke zafi, daskararren fur da dabbobi. Jawo gashi ko suturar pecan yana da kyau a cikin kanta kuma wannan ba a la'akari da wannan fur ɗin mai arha, amma ba'a faɗi abin da aka kwatanta da sable ba.
Sable mai taushi ne da taushi, yana da bambanci. Fisher yana da nauyi sosai kuma yana da farin jini. Farashi ya bambanta sosai!
Fisher - Wannan shi ne wani Pine marten-angler. Sadi na Kanada - Wannan marten Kanada ne (mai sable). Waɗannan dabbobi daban-daban ne, waɗanda galibi ke rikicewa da juna. Kuma abin da ake kira sable Amurkawa iri ɗaya ne Kanada daban-daban.
Idan ka ga hakikanin abin wasa, ba za ka taɓa rikitar da shi da masunta ba.
Wadanda suka tabbatar da masu siyar da cewa wannan abu daya ne, kawai sable din ya fi tsada kuma ba zai samu sauki ba, yana da kyau a tuna cewa wadannan su ne dama daban. A lokaci guda, hoto-pitcha-fisher yayi kyau fur, kawai idan aka kwatanta shi da sable da bayar da sauyawa wani ɗan abu ne.
Habitat, mazauni
Ilka an samo shi ne kawai a Arewacin Amurka, daga Sierra Nevada a California har zuwa Dutsen Appalachian, a West Virginia da Virginia. Yawan jama'arsu suna ta haɗe da Sifen Nevada da kudu har zuwa tsaunin Appalachian. Ba a samun su a cikin kwari ko yankuna na kudancin Amurka. A halin yanzu, yawan jama’arsu ya ragu a kudanci yankin nasu.
Wadannan dabbobin sun gwammace dazuzzuka coniferous don rayuwa, amma ana samun su a cikin abubuwan da aka cakuda da masu rikitarwa.. Sun zabi wuraren zama tare da manyan karen tsattsauran tsallake domin farauto. Hakanan ana jan hankalin mazaunan wuraren tare da dimbin bishiyoyi mara laima. Waɗannan galibi suna ƙunshe da katako lokacin da akwai kumburi, fir, thuja da wasu nau'in halitta mai rarrafe. Kamar yadda aka zata, son su ga mazaunin yana nuna irin abincin da suke so.
Abincin ilki
Ilka - masu hasashen. Kodayake yawancin wakilai masu bin tsarin haɗaɗɗun abinci ne. Suna cin abincin dabbobi da kayan marmari. Abubuwan da aka fi so dasu sune biyun filin, baranda, squirrels, hares, ƙananan tsuntsaye da shrey. Wani lokacin ma ɗan ɓoye yakan yi ƙoƙari ya kama wani maharbi a matsayin abincin rana. Hakanan zasu iya cin 'ya'yan itace da berries. Ilki suna farin ciki da jin daɗin apples ko kowane nau'in kwayoyi.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Tushen abincin shine har yanzu samfuran nama, a cikin nau'in nau'in dabbobi na terrestrial vertebrate.
Wannan nau'in, kamar martens na Amurka, na duniya ne, magabatan dodgy. Suna gudanar da neman abinci wa kansu a tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi, da kuma a cikin lakayoyi, ramuka bishiyoyi da kuma wasu yankuna iyakance ga yankin don motsawa. Su mafarauta ne masu kaɗaici, sabili da haka, suna neman wanda aka azabtar wanda ba shi da girma a kansu. Kodayake ilki sun sami damar cinye ganima mafi girma fiye da kansu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Ilki taka muhimmiyar rawa na masu hasashen a cikin tsirrai. Suna yin gasa sau da yawa a cikin neman abinci tare da foxes, lynxes, coyotes, Wolverines, Martens American da ermines. Suna da ƙoshin lafiya kuma kusan ba kowace cuta ke cutar da ita. Sau da yawa sau da yawa, ilki ya zama abin hannun ɗan adam saboda ƙimar gashinsu. Tarko a zamanin da, da kuma raguwar iyozuzzuka da dazuzzuka masu narkewa, sun sami babban tasiri ga yawan waɗannan dabbobin.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! A cikin sassan Arewacin Amurka, irin su Michigan, Ontario, New York, da kuma sassan New England, da alama yawan mutanen Ilec sun murmure ne kawai a cikin 'yan lokutan nan. An gabatar da yawan jama'a a Kudancin Saliyo Nevada a matsayin ɗan takara don kariya a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kula da Haɓakawa.
Halakar yawancin wuraren da suka fi so ba ta barin wani zaɓi ga masu farautar ɗanye. Zoos na fuskantar mawuyacin lokacin ɗaukar dabbobi da kuma wuce gona da iri ga waɗannan dabbobin, amma an sami nasara. Tabbas, a wannan lokacin akwai wadatattun mutane masu lafiya da ƙirar bayanai. An kuma kirkiro wani shiri na musamman domin kiwo da kiyaye mahimmancin wadannan dabbobin.