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Garken bison da ke kiwo a cikin ciyawar Belovezhskaya Pushcha: akwai mata, maza da dabbobi. Gaban garken babban garken shanu ne. Bayyanuwar wannan babban gilashi yana sanya ra'ayi wanda ba za'a iya jurewa ba, yana birgewa daga tsoho, zamanin zamanin glaciation. Wannan wakilin rukunin artiodactyl hakika zamani ne na mammoth. Jikin tsoka mai ɗumi sama yana bushewa a ƙashi, lokacin farin ciki, launin ruwan duhu, mai ruwan hoda mai ja da gemu tare da dogon gashi. Girman girman dabbar, babban ƙanƙan da kai mai idanu mai launin shuɗi, ƙaho mai girman gaske wanda maza da mata ke da makamai, yana ba da kariya ta kariya daga maharbanta. Irin bison - ainihin ubangijin gandun daji.

Bison

A duban farko, bison yayi kama da shi, kuma yana da wuya a yarda cewa ya iya tsallake shinge sama da mita biyu. Yana shawo kan matsalolin ruwa ta hanyar iyo.

Bison garken dabbobi ne. A cikin hunturu, suna kafa garken shugabannin dozin da yawa. A lokacin bazara, waɗannan garkunan sun faɗi cikin ƙungiyoyi dabam. A cikin garken bison, ana yin biyayya da tsananin biyayya da oda. Wadanda suka fi karfi sune farkon wadanda zasu sha ruwa a wuraren shayarwa, wadanda suka fara zabi wurare mafi kyau don wuraren kiwo da hutawa. Idan akwai bison daidai gwargwado a cikin garken, muguwar tashin hankali amma gajeriyar fada tana faruwa a tsakaninsu. Dabbobin da ke fushi suna lanƙwantar da kawunansu tare, sun yi zina, hayaƙi. Wanda aka rasa shine yake tilasta barin barin garken.

A ƙarshen bazarar calving na faruwa. Mace suna haihuwar haihuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ga bison ɗaya mai nauyin kilo 20-25. Iya tana kiyaye bison ba kawai daga makiya ba, har ma da sauran bison. Bison yayi girma a hankali. Tsawon rayuwar su shine shekaru 30-40 ko fiye.

A lokacin rani, bison yana ciyar da ciyawa da ganye. A cikin hunturu, suna cin willow, Aspen, alder da sauran haushi bishiya, har da harbe da kuma fure bishiyoyi da ciyawa. Yawancin lokaci kuje cikin safe da maraice. Bison ya kware da wari da ji, amma hangen nesa bashi da kyau.

Iyakar abokan gaba na bison shine kyarkeci, musamman a lokacin hunturu, tare da dusar ƙanƙara. Wadanda abin ya shafa su ne mata da yara. A lokacin da ka kaiwa wani fakitin karnukan karnuka, bison shirya tsaro na madauwari, yana ba da rauni da kuma kananan dabbobi a cikin da'irar.

Ba haka ba da daɗewa, garken bison da yawa sun yi yawo a cikin dazuzzukanmu, har ma da dazuzzukan Turai. Sun zauna a cikin dazuzzuka masu dazuzzuka, da dazuzzuka har ma da mutane. Sarakuna da sarakuna, da sarakuna da boyars sun shirya farauta don farauta, da kuma ƙaramar idi wanda aka kashe da dama dabbobi. A cewar kundin tarihi, ga wadanda suka halarci taron shugabannin a shekarar 1431, wanda ya gudana a cikin Volyn, ana gabatar da biskikan 100 da aka shirya a kowane mako. Kuma a cikin 1752, bisa ga ra'ayin sarkin Poland Augustus III, a cikin daji na Bialowieza 42 da masara 13 sun mutu a farauta. A cikin kaka na 1860, a ƙarshen Tsar Alexander II, an shirya farauta a cikin kurmi ɗaya ɗaya, inda aka kashe dabbobi 96, ciki har da bison 28. Irin waɗannan farauta ana shirya su kowace shekara.

Nakasasshe, farauta mara iyaka ya zalunci sarakunan gandun daji, dabbobinsu kuma suka narke da sauri. A cikin 1755, an kashe bishop na ƙarshe a cikin jihohin Baltic, a cikin 1762 - a Romania, da kuma a 1793 - a Jamus. A farkon karni na mu, an kiyaye cakulan sosai a ƙayyadaddun lamura a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka da kuma fadama (a Arewacin Caucasus da Belovezhskaya Pushcha). Amma ga shi sun kasa tserewa. Bison karshe na Belovezhskaya Pushcha ya kashe a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1921 daga tsohuwar gandun dajin Baltrameus Shpakevich. Kuma yanzu bison a matsayin nau'in halitta ya daina wanzu a cikin yanayin halitta.

An yi sa'a, dozin bisho mai tsarkakuni ya wanzu a cikin gidajen dabbobi na duniya. A cikin 1923, a babban taron kasa da kasa a cikin Paris, masanin ilimin kimiya na Poland Jan Stoltzman ya ba da shawara, kamar yadda ba a lalace gaba ɗaya ba, don ƙirƙirar Societyungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Cutar Bison. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga littafin Bison Nazarin Kasa da Kasa. A cikin ƙasashe 15 na duniya akwai bison 56 kawai - babban kayan don kiwo. A hankali, kowace shekara, sakamakon kyakkyawan tsari da kuma babban ƙoƙarin likitocin dabbobi a kasashe da yawa, yawan bison ya fara ƙaruwa.

Yanzu bison suna zaune a cikin wuraren shakatawa na bison da kuma wuraren ajiyar daji - a cikin Caucasus, a Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Tsarin Bison na Tsakiya kusa da Serpukhov, a Khopersky Reserve, Carpathians, Mordovia Reserve, Baltic da sauran wuraren ƙasarmu.

Don ceto da wadatar bison a cikin ƙasarmu, ya kamata mu yi godiya ga Soviet mai binciken dabbobi, ƙwararre a cikin binciken bison Mikhail Alexandrovich Zablotsky. A farkon 1976, akwai bison kusan 1,500 tsarkaka a duk faɗin duniya, wanda 567 suke cikin USSR.

Bison shine mai mallakar Belovezhskaya Pushcha

Dukkanmu mun san manyan dabbobi kamar su, bison, gaurom. Amma mafi saba mana, ba shakka, shine bison. Yana da nasa cikin tsari na artiodactyls, dangin bovids. Wani bison sanannen sanannen sananine ne, dan kadan ya bambanta da ita ta hanyar kirji mai karfin gaske da karkatar da karancin yatsa. Bison yana da babban kai, wanda wasu 'yan btuna da gajere ke dauke dashi.

Bison (Bison Bonasus)

Bison yana da kafafu masu tsayi da ƙarfi, gashin bison ya gajarta, kawai a wuyansa ne ya fi kauri da faffai. Shahararren alamar bison shine hanci, mai launin baki, mai launin shuɗi. Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji yana da girma. Mace ta fi "rauni" - har zuwa kilogiram 700, amma namiji - bison ya yi girma zuwa 850 kg. An yi imanin cewa magabatan bison na zamani zasu iya yin awo 1! Lafin mayafinsu kusan iri ɗaya ne, launin ruwan duhu mai juyawa zuwa launi mai haske akan kambi.

Idan aka kwatanta da bison, bison yayi kama da siriri da dogaye, tsayin tsinkaye ya kai 2 m, kuma tsayi a sacrum yakai m m, yayin da tsawon jikin mutum zai iya kai 3 m

A yau, ana iya samun bison a Poland, a Yammacin Ukraine, Russia, da kuma a Hungary da Moldova. Kuma yana da wuya a yarda cewa waɗannan dabbobi masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi da zarar sun kusan zama nau'in halitta. Saboda farautar su a lokacin Tsararru na Tsakiya, sun lalata yawan bison, kuma kawai godiya ga kiwo a fursunoni tare da karramawa mai zuwa, an dawo da ita daji a farkon karni na 19.

Garken bishiyar bishiyar kaka.

Bison garken garke ne, rukunonin su na iya kirgawa har zuwa 20 na musamman, ba kasafai ake ganinsu ba, sun hallara tare da wasu iyalai da yawa, sun hada kai cikin garken har zuwa 50. Gidajen su na asali kurma ne da aka haɗe da kurmi, a cikinsu suna jagoranci rayuwa ta rashin zaman lafiya, kuma suna barin gidajensu, a dalilin yunwar.

Bison ya rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara. Wadannan dabbobin suna jure sanyi sosai, a cikin hunturu sun fi muni fiye da masu aikin jinya

Kowane dan bison yana da kansa, shi jagora ne, da yawa ga mamakinsa - wannan shine ƙwararrun mata da kuma manyan mata. Wani fasali mai ban mamaki na waɗannan dabbobin shine amo, ba su iya magana da murya, matsanancin haɗari na iya sa su yi baƙin ciki. Kuma duk da girman su, suna tafiya daidai da natsuwa. Ko da ci gaba da gudana, kasance ba amintacce.

Saurari muryar bison

Su ne manyan tsalle-tsalle. Gudun bi, za su iya tsalle tsalle ko rami har zuwa mita 2! Suna da matsayi madaidaiciya a cikin motsi, matasa koyaushe ana bi da kai, ,aurarun maza da mata suna rufe su. Duk da girman su, bison suna da kwanciyar hankali, kuma kusan basu taɓa kaiwa mutane hari ba. Duk da kyakkyawan kyawun ƙanshin ji da ji, suna da rauni mara hangen nesa.

Bison musamman yana son rassan Linden, willow, ash, hornbeam, itacen oak, rasberi da blueberry.

A cikin yanayi mai natsuwa, bison kuje cikin kwanciyar hankali, yayin hutawa a rana ta rashin hutawa da taunawa.
Babban abincin waɗannan dabbobi shine kowane nau'in tsire-tsire, kuma menu ya fi sunayen 400 na kowane nau'in tsire-tsire. Abinda aka fi so shine ɗan itacen ɓaure. A cikin hunturu, suna tono dusar ƙanƙara tare da hanci, suna cire ciyawa, lichen ko berries. Kada ku raina namomin kaza da allura. A cikin rana guda, dabbar da ke tattare da wannan nau'in ta ci matsakaicin kimanin kilo 50 na ciyayi, kamar ruwa. A lokacin rani, a yanayin zafi, suna zuwa sau biyu a wuraren yin ruwa, a cikin hunturu suna isa da dusar ƙanƙara.

Yakin aure na bison

Lokacin bison ya dace da lokacin bazara - farkon faɗuwar rana. Maza suna jawo hankalin mata tare da takamaiman ƙanshin musky, shirya faɗa a tsakanin su don hankalin matan. Wasu lokuta a cikin irin waɗannan gwagwarmaya zasu iya haifar da juna da mummunan rauni. Dukkanin hanyoyin da ake nuna juyayi yana tattare da bin diddigi, da busawa ga bishiyoyi. A ƙarshen "bikin aure", ciki na faruwa, wanda yai daidai watanni 9. Jariri jarirai masu nauyin kilo 23. Kuma a haihuwarsa tuni yana da launi mara kyau, kuma yana buƙatar kawai sa'a daya da rabi don fara bin mahaifiyarsa. Bison mace na da madara mai yawan gaske, wanda za ta ciyar da jariri, mafi kyau, har zuwa shekara 1. Kodayake abincinsa na farko, yana iya fara ƙoƙarin cika su don wata 1. Zai zama dattijo wanda ya manyanta bayan shekaru biyar na rayuwa, kuma zai kwashe shekaru 2 na farko na rayuwarsa a hankali daga mahaifiyarsa. Tsawon rayuwa a cikin bison shine shekaru 20-25. A cikin zaman talala, tare da kulawa da ta dace, wannan adadi ya karu zuwa shekaru 35.

Bison yana ciyar da madara

Babban maƙiyi mai haɗarin bison ya kasance koyaushe kuma ya kasance - mutum. Tun da bison dattijo kusan ba shi da abokan gaba a cikin daji, kawai fakitin kyarketai na iya zama banda. Wannan ga yara na iya zama barazana da lynx, da bears, da damisa. Tun daga tarihi, dabbobi kawai suke farautar waɗannan dabbobin, kuma ba ma saboda nama ba; a cikin mazan dabba, yana da tauri tare da wani ɗanɗano. Kuma saboda girman. A zamanin farko, bison dattijo ya samar da abinci don ɗabi'ar gaba ɗaya. Ba kamar wani dattijo ba, matashin bison yana da nama mai laushi mai laushi. Abin dogaro ne a san cewa duk jinsin Turawa da Caucasian bison sun lalata daidai da masu sihiri.

Wani bison yana koyon yin gurnani, amma wani bison da ya girma yana wasa tare dashi. Saboda wannan wasan, har ma ya shiga ramin don ya kasance daidai da matakin dala

Ya kasance babbar nasara cewa a lokacin da aka gama lalata wannan nau'in, manufofin 66 sun kasance a cikin bauta. Ta hanyar ofungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kare Dabbobi, an fara shirin kiwo na bison. Da farko ya fara zuwa wuraren kiwon dabbobi, daga baya aka saki dabbobin farko zuwa yankin da ke dajin Bialowieza. Sannan a hankali aka fara jigilar su zuwa kasashen Turai. Yau a duniya kusan dabbobi 3000 suke rayuwa, kuma 1700 kawai suke cikin daji. Babu wanda ya yi nasarar cinye naman bishiyar, kuma dangin dabbobin da suka haye tare da dabbobin ba su da kwana. Amma ana danganta su ne da alaƙar rashin ma'anar su da kuma yawan adadin wadataccen furotin. Irin bison da aka tsallaka yana da suna - bison.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Bison shine wakili na karshe na wakilin sa a yankin Turai. Dangane da bayanan tarihi, dabbobi sun fito daga zuriyarsu na dā - bison. Suna wakiltar dangi na bovine kuma sun kasance a cikin yanki na dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Bayanai na tarihi sun nuna cewa a cikin dusar kankara, bison ya wanzu kuma ya kasance abin farauta ne ga mutanen wancan lokacin. Waɗannan tabbaci suna tabbatar da zane-zanen kogon na waccan lokacin da masanan ilmin tarihi suka gano. Hakanan, an ambaci wannan dabbar mai ban sha'awa ana samunsu a cikin tsoffin littattafan Masarawa da Rome. An san shi da tabbas cewa a cikin tsohuwar Roma, bison ya kasance mahalarta a cikin yaƙin gladiatorial.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Bison dabbobi

Bayyanar dabbar yana matukar burgewa cikin girman da ikon sa. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum yakai mita 3. Tsawon dabbar a wurin mayun nisan sa ya kai kimanin mita 2, kewayen wuyan a mafi girman wurare shine mita 2.5-3. Gaban jiki yafi qarfi da girma. A wuyansa gajere, babba. Tare tare da gaban bayan baya, wuyan yana samar da juzu'i mai nauyi, mai ɗaukar hankali. Ana bambanta Bison ta hanyar kirji mai fadi da kuma yanki mai tarin yawa, mai ɗaukar ciki.

An rufe kansa da kansa. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa yaji kamar an sa wutsiya a saman kai. A waje, fuskar bison karami ce dangane da jiki. An lura da ɓangaren gaban gaba. Bangaren parietal yana da isasshen ƙarfi, ƙaho mai girma. Thearshen ƙaho ana yawan faɗuwa ko a nuna shi. Hornsahon suna da laushi, haske, baki. Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, zagaye, rufe da farin gashi. A yayin bincike na gani, basa iya ganuwa. Yana da halayyar cewa dabbobi ba sa banbanta da yanayin gani, amma suna da kyakkyawan wari da ji.

Bidiyo: Bison

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gashin dabba na iya zama launuka daban-daban dangane da matsakaitan matsuguni da yanki na mazaunin su. Bishirin Bialowieza suna da launin toka-launin toka mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Gashin kansa yana sanadin duhu, duhu mai duhu, kusan gemu baki. A cikin hunturu, ya zama mai kauri da duhu.

Siffofin halayyar wakilan wannan nau'in:

Jaws suna da hakora 32,
Hannun bakin ciki, ciki har da lebe da harshe, launin shuɗi-lilac,
Harshen ya yi layin da papillae babba,
Short, babban wuya,
Babbar, idanu baki daya
M, mai ƙarfi, ƙafafun kafaffu tare da manyan motsi,
Tsawon tsayi daga 60 zuwa 85 santimita,
Wutsiya tana ƙare da ƙoshin lafiya
A fannin cinya fuska da ƙananan muƙamuƙin gemu,
M, gashi mai kauri yana rufe kai da kirji,
A gaban Hump,
Hornsaho mai zagaye
Yawan mutum daya ya kai kilogram 800-900,
Maza sun fi mata yawa.

Duk da girman girman su, bison na iya tsalle kan shinge game da tsayin mita 1.5-2 sama da sauri.

Don haka mun gano yadda bison yayi da kuma nawa yake. Yanzu gano inda bison yake zaune.

Ina bison yake zaune?

Hoto: Bison Reserve

Bison dangin bijimai ne. Har zuwa lokacin murkushe taro, sun dasa wani yanki mai yawa. Sun rayu a adadi mai yawa a cikin Caucasus, a yamma, kudu maso gabas da tsakiyar Turai, Iran, da Scandinavia. Abin lura ne cewa a waccan lokacin ba su kasance a cikin daji kawai ba, har ma a wuraren budewa - tudu, kwari. Kamar yadda suke karewa, wakilan jinsin sun tafi ƙarara da kururuwa masu nisa.

A yau, mazaunan bison biranen daji ne, gandun daji waɗanda ke kusa da jikin ruwa. A yau, babban yankin mazauninsu shine yankin Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

Mun gano inda bison yake zaune, yanzu bari muyi tunanin me yake ci.

Me bison yake ci?

Hoto: Bison daga cikin jan littafi

Bison - dabbar dabbobi. Tushen abincin unguwa shine nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri daban-daban. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa kusan nau'ikan tsirrai ɗari huɗu na iya zama tushen abinci ga wannan wakilin na ungulates. Bison ciyar a kan haushi bishiyoyi, ganye, matasa harbe na shrubs, lichens.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana daidaita tsarin abincin ta hanyar yankin zama, gami da sauyin yanayi da yanayin lokaci. A lokacin rani, dabbobi suna ci berries, ganye maple a adadi mai yawa. A cikin kaka suna iya cin namomin kaza, berries, acorns, hazelnuts.

A matsakaita, ɗayan mutum yana buƙatar kimanin kilo 45-55 na abinci a rana. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye, ana ciyar da bison tare da hay. Irin waɗannan masu ciyarwa suna shirya kawai don irin wannan dabba. Da'awar sauran nau'in dabbobi don tanadi yana haifar da fushi da hare-hare daga gefen bison.

Muhimmin abu shine ruwa. Ana bukatar amfani da dabbobi ta kowace rana. Ko da sun ɓuya daga zafin rana a cikin kurmi, a ƙarshen ranar babu shakka za su je wurin shayarwa.

Mun gano cewa bison yana ci, yanzu zamu fahimci halinsa da salon rayuwarsa.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Bison a Rasha

Ta hanyar dabi'unsu, bison ana ɗaukar dabbobi masu aminci da kwanciyar hankali. Bayyanar tsokanar zalunci baƙon abu bane a gare su. Kada mutum ya ji tsoron haduwa da shi. Dabba na iya kusanci mutane da kusancinsu.Ba za su haifar da lahani ba kuma ba za su kawo haɗari ba idan babu abin da ke barazanar su. Koyaya, idan dabbar ta ji barazanar ga kanta ko zuriyarta, to ya zama mai matukar tayar da hankali kuma mai matukar hatsari. Zai iya sa sautuka suyi kama da naushi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: girgiza kai shima yana nuna cewa dabba bashi da damuwa. Lokacin da aka kawo masa hari, bison yayi saurin bugawa tare da tsaurara karfi. A cikin dabbobi, ilmin kiyaye kansa yana da matukar girma.

Idan akwai shamaki a cikin hanyar ungulate dabba wanda ke haifar da haɗari a gare shi, ya fi son wucewa da shi. Bison ba a la'akari da dabbobi kawai. Sun kirkiro garken, wanda ya hada da wakilai daga 3-4 zuwa 16-20 na nau'ikan. Mafi yawan garken kuwa na mata ne da yara. A saman garken kuwa ya kasance ƙwararrun masani, hikima da girma ga mata. Maza suna jagoranci rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Suna son haɗa garken a lokacin aure. A cikin lokacin sanyi, sanyi mai zafi, ƙananan garken sun haɗa tare.

Bison maganin gargajiya ne. Je zuwa makiyaya a sanyin safiya da maraice. A cikin kullun, yawancin lokaci suna shakatawa, barci, wanka a cikin yashi, bask a rana, tauna, da ulu. A lokacin bazara, rukunin dabbobi suna kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. A lokacin rani, a cikin matsanancin zafi, akasin haka, an cire su cikin ciyawar dajin. Idan babu ciyayi, suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa a binciken sa. Suna da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi waɗanda ba ku damar yin tafiya mai nisa ba tare da gajiya ba. Bison zai iya iyo.

Bison galibi maharan su ne. A irin wannan lokacin, suna ɗaukar matsayi na kariya a cikin hanyar zobe, a tsakiyar wanda mafi rauni da mafi yawan mambobi ne na kungiyar.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Bison Cub

Harshen bison yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuli kuma zai kasance har zuwa farkon Oktoba. A wannan lokacin, maza suna yin fada da juna don 'yancin aure da mace. Maza suna jagorantar rayayyun salon adonin ƙungiyoyi, suna kori matasa individualsan tsira daga ciki. Bayan wannan, farawar mace zata fara. Idan akwai masu neman shiga da yawa don yin aure tare da mace ɗaya, maza suna faɗa. Wadanda aka kayar sun bar garke, mai nasara yaci gaba da kasancewa a kotu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin haihuwar ya kai watanni 9. A lokacin da jaririn zai bayyana, mahaifiyarsa tana neman wurin zama. An haife jarirai sau ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya, mafi wuya cikin adadin mutane biyu. Matsakaicin nauyin jikin jariri shine kilo 23-25.

Bayan haihuwa, mace a hankali tana ɗan farincirinta. Bayan sa'o'i 1.5-2 daga lokacin haihuwa, jariri na iya tsayawa a ƙafafunsa kuma ya tafi bayan mama. Cubs suna neman mama don wari. Mace tare da zuriyarta sun koma cikin garken bayan kwana 2-3 domin samun cikakkiyar masaniya da dukkan membobinta.

A karo na farko da jariri zai dandana abinci bayan makonni 3-4 daga lokacin haihuwa. Koyaya, madara tana ci gaba da ciyar da abinci matsakaita har zuwa shekara guda. Cubs suna kusa da mahaifiyarsu a cikin garken har zuwa shekaru 3-4. Maza daga dabbobi matasa, waɗanda aka rabu da rukuni, sukan taru. A cikin kananan kungiyoyi sun wanzu ga farkon shekarun. Bayan samun kwarewa da ƙarfi, kowa ya fara jagorancin rayuwa mai zaman kanta, mai keɓewa.

Girma ya ci gaba har zuwa shekaru 5-6, cuban sandansu sun zama balaga yayin jima'i lokacin da suka kai shekaru 3-5. Mace na iya ba da zuriya a kowace shekara. Maza da ke da alaƙa da haihuwar halittar ɗan adam, galibi shekaru shida zuwa shekaru 16 ne. Wakilai matasa da tsofaffi na mazan da ke da ƙarfi ba su da izinin maza masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Matsakaicin rayuwar bison a cikin yanayin rayuwa shine shekaru 30-35. A cikin ajiyar yanayi na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 5-10.

Maƙiyin bison na yau da kullun

Hoto: garken bison

A cikin wuraren zama na yau da kullun, manyan maƙiyan bison dabbobi ne masu tsinkaye.

Wadanda suka fi saurin kamuwa da wadanda ke cin zarafin sune matasa mutane, haka kuma marasa lafiya, raunana da tsohuwar bison. Mata da maza manya na iya korar kowane maƙiyin. Ban da haka kuma, hari ne kan maza ne kawai, suna yaƙi da garken mata ta hanyar fakitoci. A wannan yanayin, sun ci nasara saboda yawa amfani.

Baya ga masu farautar yanayi, ana daukar mutum a matsayin maƙiyi mai hatsarin bison. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunce mafarauta da masu farauta ne kawai suka kusan lalata waɗannan wakilan ungulates a cikin yanayin rayuwa. A bisa kididdigar hukuma, a cikin 1920s jinsunan sun kusan bacewa daga fuskar duniya. Yana yiwuwa a adana shi kawai godiya ga ƙirƙirar wuraren kariya da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa an adana mutane da yawa a cikin asassu masu zaman kansu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin karni na ƙarshe, yawancin 'yan kasuwa da wakilan manyan mutane suna murna da farauta dabbobin saboda girman su. Anyi la'akari da ƙananan dabbobi na da ƙimar musamman, tunda suna da nama mai taushi da daɗi.

Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa ban da masu ba da shawara da masu farauta, an rage yawan dabbobi da yanayin cutar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cututtukan rigakafi, cututtukan helminthic, cututtukan ƙafa da bakin, cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Bison Calf

A yau, an sanya bison bisa hukuma matsayin wani nau'in haɗari. Karuwar adadin mutane ya haifar da fadada iyakokin iyakokin da mutum ya bunkasa. An sare gandun daji a sikeli mai yawa, an lalata yawancin nau'in ciyayi.

A zamanin da, mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi masu ƙarfi yana da faɗi sosai. Sun mamaye duk yankuna Eurasia. Yin wauta da wargajewa cikin adadi mai yawa ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a farkon karni na 20, an samo bison a cikin yankin Belovezhskaya Pushcha da Caucasus kawai. Ya zuwa yanzu, mutane 65 ne suka rage a duniya.

A yau, godiya ga ƙoƙarin masana kimiyya, ya yiwu ba kawai don adana ba, har ma don ƙara yawan bijimai. A cewar masana kimiyya, a duniya akwai mutane sama da 3,000 mutane don 2006. Rabin rabinsu kawai suna cikin vivo.

Don adana jinsin, bison ya haye tare da mafi kusancin dangi - bison Amurka,
Don adana bayanan wakilai na dabbobi masu shayarwa, an jera jinsin a cikin jerin jarumai na IUCN a matsayin masu rauni,
An jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Red of Russia tare da matsayin matsayin "wani nau'in da ke gab da hallaka".

Kariyar Bison

Hoto: Bison a lokacin sanyi

A cikin 1923, a Babban Taro na Kasa don Kula da Yanayi, an kara tambayar game da buƙatar adana yawan bison da haɓaka su. Daga nan ne aka fara bibiyar farautar su. A wannan babban taron kuma, an shirya babban tsari don kiyaye manyan bijimai. Ta gudanar da rajista da rajistar mutanen da suka rage a cikin yanayin ƙasa.

A ƙarshen 30s, yawan dabbobin ba su wuce 50. Masanan dabbobi masu farautar dabbobi sun fara manyan ayyuka a kan kamewa da kuma kiwon dabbobi a cikin yanayin wuraren shakatawa, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa.

Zuwa yau, ana aiki kan kiyayewa da haɓaka nau'in halittu a cikin ɓangarorin:

Kariya daga masu farauta
Hani na hana farauta,
Hukuncin aikata laifi don keta bukatun,
Inganta yanayin rayuwa,
Halittar wuraren shakatawa na kasa, wurare masu kariya,
Ciyar da dabbobi.

Mafi girman filin shakatawa na ƙasa wanda aka saki rukunin farko na dabbobi waɗanda aka kamo shi ne Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Kawai ƙasarta kusan mutane ɗari bakwai ne ke zama. A cikin 40s, an ƙaddamar da wani shiri don mayar da bishiyar Caucasian. An shayar da su a ƙasa ta yankin Caucasian reserve.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da sababbin bayanai, likitocin dabbobi sun gudanar da bincike na yawan bison a shekarar 2016. A yayin wannan taron, an gano cewa adadin dabbobin ya karu zuwa mutane 6,000. Mafi yawansu suna zaune ne a kan iyakar mallakar ƙasa.

Bison - Wannan ƙayataccen dabba ne. Ba a banza bane ɗan adam yana ƙoƙari sosai don gyara kuskurensa da adana wannan dabbar mai banmamaki. A yau, bison ana ɗauka shine kawai dabba a cikin duniya wanda bayan kusan kusan lalacewa ta masu maimaitawa, an yadu dashi kuma ya sake rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta.

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