Pheasant na yau da kullun shine tsuntsu daga umarnin kaji, wanda ake ɗauka alama ta ƙasa ce ta Georgia, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da suna ta biyu - Caucasian pheasant. Tsuntsu ya samo sunan shi daga tsohuwar birni na Phasis, a wurin da a yanzu Poti yake.
Taimako
- Tsayin jiki da wutsiya: maza 70-90 cm, mace 55-70cm.
- Mass: maza 1.3-2 kg, mata 1-1.4 kg.
- Tsawon wutsiya: maza 45-60 cm, mace 20-25 cm.
Fuka-fukan suna gajeru, m. A kan kafafu na spur. Wutsiya tana da tsawo, mai ɗaukar hoto. Ya haɗu da fuka-fukai guda 18, suna matsawa har ƙarshen. Ana bayyana dimorphism: maza masu tsananin kyau sun fi girma girma kuma suna da launi daban-daban fiye da mace.
Ofaya daga cikin sifofin bayyanar mace mai narkewa shine yanki a kusa da idanun da kunci ba tare da sunkuce ba. Yayin isarwar, waɗannan wuraren sun zama ja mai haske.
Launin maza - daɗaɗawa aiki ne na fasaha. Gabaɗaya, sautin gaba ɗaya shine jan launi ko tare da shunayya mai ruwan hoda. Fuka-fukan suna da launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Shugaban shi ne emerald-ƙarfe. Gaban wuya da kirji suna da shunayya mai kauri. A bayan kai akwai gashin fuka-fukan zinariya masu tsini waɗanda aka ɗaure da kore a saman.
Yankin da ke bayan wuyan yana da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko tare da tint mai ruwan hoda. Fuskar launi na gaba yana da yanayin skaly na duhu aibobi. Kusan dukkanin gashin tsuntsaye na jikinta suna da iyaka. Kasan yana wuta. Mafi yawan lokuta ciki mai duhu ne. Beak da kafafu rawaya ne.
Theididdigar yawancin rashi na pheasant na yau da kullun suna da abubuwa da yawa cikin launi. Misali, pheasant na kasar Georgia yana da launin ruwan kasa a ciki wanda ya lullube shi da gashin fuka-fukai. A launi daga cikin Jafananci pheasant ne yawanci m kore. A cikin launi na mashahurin Khiva, launuka masu jan karfe.
Mata basu fito da kyawawan launuka ba. Don haka, yanayi ya kare, yana mai da basu ganuwa ga masu dabaibaye, yana mai iya yiwuwa su haifi da ciyar da zuriya. Yawancin launi mace yana yawan bambanta, amma a cikin kewayon yashi-launin ruwan kasa.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Dole ne maigidan da ke da irin wannan launi mai kyau a rayuwa, ya ɓoye kullun, don kar ya zama ganima na maharbi. Pheasant yana da matukar jin kunya da hankali. Yafi son neman mafaka a cikin bushes ko is is a cikin m ciyawa.
Muddin zai yiwu ya hau cikin itaciya ya huta a cikin ciyawar. Kafin ya sauko ƙasa ya daɗe yana nazari. Don haka kwatsam kuma ya yi ƙasa da sauri, yana canza yanayin ta kuma shiga wata hanya mai faɗi, tana shirin cikin iska.
Daga cikin dukkan membobin gidan kaza, tsohuwar fata ita ce zakara a cikin saurin gudu. Matsayin da yake ɗauka yayin gudana shima yana da ban sha'awa: yana shimfiɗa wuyansa da kai, yayin da yake ɗaga wutsiyarsa. Don haka, kayan girke-girke wanda aka girka suna taimakawa sosai don inganta yanayin gudu na gudu.
Ban da lokacin kiwo, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin bazara, ana kiyaye pheasants a cikin rukunin jinsi ɗaya. Kungiyoyin maza sun fi yawan kungiyoyin mata. Ana yin fitarwa don neman abinci da safe da maraice. Tare da shigowar bazara, yanayin ya canza. Ana kiyaye pheasants a cikin kananan dangi. Don rayuwa, zaɓi yankin kusa da tafki, mai arziki a cikin ciyayi da abinci. Zaunar a cikin gandun daji, undergrowths.
Girma tare da shukakkun tsirrai masu tsini waɗanda ke kare waɗannan tsuntsaye daga masu farauta suna matukar son su. Babban mai cin abincin kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi zai hau cikin ƙaya. Itatuwan kwari da ke cikin kwari da kogin rafi marasa ƙarfi suna korafi.
Habitat, mazauni
Pheasant ya bazu sosai: daga Pirinei Peninsula zuwa Tsibirin Jafan. Yana zaune a cikin Caucasus, Turkmenistan, Far East, Arewacin Amurka da Turai. Mai ikon zama a duk inda a cikin hunturu tsayin dusar ƙanƙara bai wuce cm 20 ba .. A cikin tsaunuka, wutar jahannama tana jin daɗin yanayin zafi har zuwa 2600 m a matakin teku.
Abincin abinci na gama gari
Abincin mai daɗin abinci ya ƙunshi abinci na shuka: tsaba, berries, harbe, 'ya'yan itatuwa. Bole na nau'in tsire-tsire ɗari yana cinyewa. Pheasants suma basa qin abincin dabba: tsutsotsi, katantanwa, kwari, gizo-gizo, kananan macizai da beraye.
Koyaya, ƙarin pheasants sun fi son abincin shuka. Har zuwa wata mai haihuwar jarirai suna cin abinci ne kawai na asalin dabbobi, kuma lokacin da suka girma suna canzawa galibi zuwa tsarin abincin.
Don narkewa mai kyau, pheasants suna buƙatar balaguro: ƙwaƙwalwa. An samo abinci a ƙasa, raƙasa ƙasa da ƙarfi na paws da baki mai kaifi. Daga bushes tara abinci bouncing. A lokacin da abinci ya zama ƙasa, za su iya nemo ragowar 'ya'yan itacen a kan bishiyoyi.
Kiwo da zuriya
Da zuwan bazara, pheasants za su fara dacewar yanayi. Idan mazan da na farko suka rayu a wuri daban, yanzu lamarin ya canza sosai. Maza sun bambanta da fakitin suka tafi. Bayan sun zaɓi ko kuma cinye yanki na kusan mita 400-500, sai suka fara kare ta.
Don yin wannan, koyaushe suna sintiri a yankin, a gefe guda suna nuna wasu maza cewa an mamaye yankin, a gefe guda kuma suna gayyatar mata. Mace, ba kamar maza ba, ba sa yin tafiya ɗaya a lokaci guda, ana gudanar da su cikin rukuni na mutane 3-4. Daga wannan rukunin, pheasant yana zaɓan abokin tarayya.
A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, pheasants suna da yawa, amma a cikin garkuwa suna nuna al'adar auren mata fiye da daya.
Maza suna faɗan yaƙi tare da theiran’uwansu, suna kare ƙasa ta 400-500 mita kuma suna pat patake kullun, suna kariya daga mamayewa da kiran mace zuwa ga kansu. Mace suna zuwa cikin groupsaramin rukuni na mutane 3-4. Namiji ya zabi mace da mata tare da ita.
Harshen dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta ko kuma ta halin dusar kankara tana farawa ne da cewa pheasant ya tashi ya fara bugun fuka-fukan sa da sauri don kar su taɓa ƙasa.. A wannan yanayin, wutsiyar tana buɗewa, ta tashi da digiri 45-50. Namiji ya kwance, ya kwance ƙasa, ya karɓi hatsi ya jefa su, ta haka yana gayyatar mace.
Sauti da pheasant ke sawa yayin fitarwa suna da ban sha'awa. Akwai babbar kukan aure, wacce ta kunshi kalmomi biyu “kh-kh”. Wannan kaifi ne, gajeriyar magana, ɗan ƙaramin abu da sauti mai girma. Bayan sa, yawanci yakan fashe fuka-fukansa sosai kuma yana rawar murya. Kuma akwai sautin na biyu na ƙawa, a lokacin farin ciki da kusanci da mace, sai ya yi shuru, “kurma-gu-gu”.
Kafin yin ɗamara a cikin namiji, wuraren tsegumi akan jikin suna sake yin kama. Bayan danshi, namiji ya bude wutsiyarsa da fikafikan sa ga mace kuma ya sunkuyar da kanta da kanta, har ta kusan taba kasa. Sannan a hankali ya zagaya abokin aikin sa yana mai jin motsin mara nauyi. Game da yin ladabi, budurwar mace ta gina gida.
Tana yin wannan ne a kashin kanta, namiji ba ya shiga cikin aikin gina gida da kuma ilimin kajin. Zurfin mazaunin ya kasance daga 2 zuwa 12 cm, a diamita na 12-30 cm yawanci ana gina shi a ƙasa, yayin da suke ɓoye cikin ciyawa ko cikin ƙaya.
Mace ta sanya ƙwai na launin ruwan kasa kusan a tsakiyar Maris - farkon Afrilu. Tana yin wannan sau ɗaya a rana. Adadin ƙwai 8 zuwa 12 ake samu. Sannan mace ta sanya kwai cikin kwanaki 22-25. A wannan lokacin, kusan ba ta tashi daga masarar ba, tana jan ragamar kananan magabatanta kuma yana kare pheasants.
Matan da aka yayen ba kawai a lokuta idan karfin ta ya fita. A takaice dai ta tashi daga gida don cin abinci. A sakamakon haka, nauyin mace yana rage kusan rabin. A lokuta da dama, namiji yana kusa kuma yana kawo abinci.
Broods na pheasants ana samun koda a cikin kaka, duk da cewa yawanci mace tana samar da kwai ɗaya ɗaya a kowace kakar. Wannan na faruwa ne idan jinginar farko ta mutu a hannun maharbin kuma mace ba ta da zabi illa ƙoƙari ta jinkirta sake sakawa.
Pheasants da aka yiwa yankan ya zauna a cikin gidan har yan 'yan awanni, sannan kuma da farin ciki bi mahaifiyarsu don neman abinci. Suna buƙatar kariya na kimanin kwanaki 80, amma bayan kwanaki 12-15 suna da cikakken ikon tashi. Mace tana koyar da kajin don samun abinci, kuma da farko abincin jarirai abinci ne na dabbobi masu wadatar furotin. Balagagge a cikin budurwar budurwa yana farawa a ranar 220 na rayuwa, kuma wannan yana nuna cewa sun sami zama cikin manya mai zaman kansa.
Daga ranar 250th, yawancin pheasants suna farawa sosai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, maza suna yin wannan, tun da kwai a cikin mace suna fitowa ne kawai daga bazara ta gaba. A cikin zaman talala, mace na haɗe kai da lura da ƙa'idodin baki ɗaya.
Abokan halitta
Abokan gaba na magabata na yau da kullun sune dawakai, dawakai, cougars, lynxes, karnukan daji, da kuma wasu nau'in tsuntsayen dabbobi masu farauta, kamar mujiyoyi, kuliyoyi.
A karkashin yanayin rayuwa, kusan kashi 80% na mutane suna mutuwa a farkon shekarar rayuwa.
A cikin yanayin zamani, babban haɗarin pheasants shine mutum. Nama mai mahimmanci, mai gina jiki na waɗannan tsuntsaye shine dalilin neman su. Sau da yawa mutum kan yi amfani da karnukan farauta a kama dabbobin pheasants, waɗanda suke da sauƙi da sauri ga waɗannan tsuntsayen. Bayan kare, mai kare mai kyanwa, kare ya hau kan bishiya kuma a daidai lokacin da tsuntsu ya tashi, maharbi ya yi harbi.
Kifi na kamun kifi
Naman nama mai daɗin ci da wadataccen abinci ya daɗe mutane suna daraja shi. 100 grams ya ƙunshi 254 kcal. Nama mai kyau yana da amfani mai amfani ga jiki, yana ƙaruwa da juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban, yana ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi. Kiwo mai kyau sosai ya fara ne a karni na 19. Amfani da farauta, don abinci, haka kuma don yin yadi. Ayyukan kayan ado yawanci ana yin su ta hanyar kayan ado na zinare.
A cikin karni na 20, farawar magarya a cikin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu ya zama abu gama gari. Tsarin gida na gida ya kawo babbar riba ga masu shi. Wani reshe daban na kiwo mai kyau ya bayyana.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Dabbobin pheasants suna murmurewa cikin sauri duk da cewa suna amfani da karfi wajen farauta. Daga cikin dalilai na halitta, yalwar yanayi yana shafar yanayin damuna da mafarauta. A farkon lamari, raguwar lambobi na faruwa ne bayan dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin sanyi.