Dabbobi ne kawai, nau'i-nau'i koyaushe suna samar da kawai don tsinkayen zamani. Idan ma'auratan ba su fasa ba, to, a koyaushe akwai dalili kan hakan - alal misali, ƙaramin girman dabarun mutum, da rashin mafaka ko karancin abinci. Amma ko da a cikin waɗannan halayen, masu tsalle-tsalle suna zaune a yanki ɗaya ba tare da sadarwa da juna ba. Irin wannan tsarin ana iya kiransa tsarin haɗin latent: babu haɗin gwiwa tsakanin mutane, kowane yana rayuwa da kansa

Tarihin Rayuwa a Zoo

Kwarewa a cikin sanya tsalle-tsalle ya nuna cewa dole ne a sami wurin zafi a cikin aviary - dumama. Dabbobin suna amfani da wannan wuri a ƙarƙashin fitila. Ya kamata iska ta bushe. Abincin yau da kullun ya kamata ya ƙunshi abinci iri-iri, kamar yadda dabbobi ke ci kaɗan, amma kowane lokaci abinci daban.

Ana iya ganin 'yan kunar bakin wake a cikin nunin zanen' 'Night Night' ', inda ake zubar da yashi da rassa a cikin babban bene. 'Yankin Ivory Coast suna zaune tare da Afirka masu barcin barci. Tunda dabbobi suna amfani da bangarori daban daban na ɓoyewa, suna haɗuwa sosai. Tun da farko tsummoki ma sun ci gaba tare da yankan kwarzana, kuma babu tsanawa tsakanin dabbobi.

Feeders a cikin aviary suna kan zuriyar dabbobi a cikin tukwane na sanye da kayan. Abincin yau da kullun na masu tsalle-tsalle ya haɗa da kwari, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, karas grated, gida cuku, ƙwai mai sanyi, ƙwayayen ƙwaya, ganye (leas, dandelions, kabeji), abincin yara. Ba dole ba ne a bayar da ruwa sosai. Kodayake masu tsalle-tsalle suna cin ɗan kaɗan, koyaushe ya kamata su sami abinci sabo.

A halin yanzu ba wakilta a gidan zu

Aikin bincike tare da wannan nau'in a cikin Gidan Zoo na Moscow

1. G.V. Vakhrusheva, I.A. Alekseicheva, O.G. Ilchenko, 1995 "Jumpers giwaye mai gajeren zango: adanawa da kiwo a cikin bauta, ƙwarewar ƙwallayen ciyar da ƙanana", binciken kimiyya a cikin wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi, fitowar ta 5

2. S.V. Popov, A.S. Popov, 1995 "Canjin yanayi ya shafi halayen 'yan giwa-gizai masu gajeren hatsi (Macroscelides proboscideus)?, Bincike na Kimiyya a cikin Yankuna Zoological, Issue 5

3. A.S. Popov, 1997 "Wasu fasalulluka na dabi'ar hauren giwa (Macroscelides proboscideus) a yayin gabatar da wannan gidan na Moscow", binciken kimiyya a cikin wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi, fitowar ta 9

4.S.R. Sapozhnikova, O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, 1997 "Nauyin kaya na yau da kullun na Short-Eared Elephant Jumpers (Macroscelides proboscideus) a cikin Kama", Binciken Ilimin Kimiyya na Kwayoyin Zoological, Issue 9

5. S.V. Popov, O.G. Ilchenko, E.Yu. Olehnovich, 1998 "Ayyukan dabba a cikin Bayyanar" Tsarin Dare "," Binciken Kimiyya na Kwalejin dabbobi, Bayanai 10

6.S.R. Sapozhnikova, O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, 1998 "Halayen -an Takaitaccen phaan Ragon uman Tumbi a Tsarin Halittu", Bincike na Kimiyya a Garkunan dabbobi, Bayarwa 10

7.O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, 1999 "Tasirin ayyukan yau da kullun na dangi na giwayen giwaye (Macroscelides proboscideus), Binciken kimiyya a cikin wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi, fitowar ta 11

8.O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, S.R. Sapozhnikova, 2003 "roduarfafa phaaƙƙarfan Efa Eleumnt Jumpers (Macroscelides proboscideus) a Zoo na Moscow", Binciken Kimiyya na Kwalejin Kimiya, Bayanai 16

A ina masu tsummoki suke zaune?

Wadannan mazaunan wuraren rayuwar rana da rana ana samun su ne kawai a Afirka (ban da Yammacin Afirka da Sahara), inda suka mamaye wurare da yawa. Wasu nau'ikan sun fi son hamada, kwari ko savannah, wasu sun fi son filayen ciyayi na dutse, wasu kuma sun gwammace tsawan dutse, wasu kuma sun fi son gandun daji.

Gidaje da yawan giram ɗin ɗan giwa

Mahalli na al'ada don masu bouncers yana bushewa da Afirka. Yawancin lokaci rabin kudancin ƙasa, ƙasa na Namibia da kuma ɗan Botswana. Yankin su gaba daya ya kai rabin mil miliyan murabba'in kilomita. Haka kuma, galibi ana samunsu daidai a waɗancan wuraren da cutar ta lalace ba ta hanyar lalacewa ba, suna fifita yankin hamada tare da daskararren ciyawar ciyawa.

Abin ban sha'awa, saboda yawan rarrabuwar jama'a game da yanki mai yawa a cikin 1996, an yi kuskuren jumpers a cikin Red Book a matsayin ɗayan mawuyacin hali. Amma tuni bayan shekaru 7, masana kimiyya sun sake nazarin shawarar su, tare da maye gurbin matsayin dabbar da saba: "daga hatsari." Kuma a yanzu, kawai hatsarin da ke damun sake maido da wadannan dabbobin shi ne kwararar mahalli na yankin da aka mamaye.

Bayanin bayanin waje na bouncer mai gajeren zango

Yumbu mai gajeren wando shine mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin dukkan mutanen gidan tsummoki. Tsawon jikinsa bai wuce santimita 12.5 ba.

Amma wutsiyar waɗancan dabbobin suna da tsayi. Tsawon sa ya kama daga 9.7 zuwa 13.7 santimita. Gabaɗaya, ana iya faɗi cewa bayyanar ɗan gajeren wando mai kama da hankali ga wakilan dangin da suke ciki.

Jumper mai gajeren zango (Macroscelides proboscideus).

Tsarin bakin ciki na wuyan jumper mai gajeren zango na da matukar elongated. Kunnuwa dabba, idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsummoki, an zagaye shi da karfi sosai kuma yai kasa da na sauran wakilan wannan halittar.

Yanka na farko a kan kafafun hular yana da kambori kuma ƙanƙane cikin girma. Mayafin yayi laushi, mai kauri da tsawon isa.

Jikin na sama yana canza launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa mai yashi ko baƙi. Abun ciki yawanci fari ne ko launin shuɗi a launi.

Jan gajeren wando mai ɗan gajeren wando, ba kamar sauran membersan iyali ba, ba shi da zoben halayyar haske a cikin idanun.

Yaran mace mai gajeran wando suna da nau'i-nau'i uku kan nono, kuma an bambanta kwanyarsa da manyan rukunin na'urori. Tsarin hakori na waɗannan tsalle-tsalle 40 ne. Abin ban sha'awa ne, abin da ke faruwa a sama shine ƙarami. Babu wani zoben haske a kusa da idanun halayen wasu masu tsalle-tsalle. Gashinan yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da tsararren kamshi mai ƙamshi a ƙasan gefensa.

Menene ma'anar tsalle-tsalle?

A waje, tsummoki suna kama da manyan juye. Tsawon jikin jikin dabbobi tare da kai, ya danganta da nau'in, ya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 30 cm, suna awo daga gram 45 zuwa 500. Wutsiyar dabbobi dogo ne, kusan daidai yake da tsawon jiki, an rufe shi da gajeren gashi. Jawo mai kauri da taushi, a launuka iri-iri na launin toka da launin ruwan kasa.

Aka ce, Allah, da ya samar da dutsen, da alama yana wasa da masu canzawa: ya ɗauki ƙashin ƙyallen ƙafafun daga kangaroo, ganga da wutsiya daga bera, da kuma proboscis daga giwa. Wasu nau'ikan kuma suna da alamomin kunci, kamar hamsters, a ciki masu tsalle-tsalle suna tanadin abinci. A zahiri, irin wannan nau'in sifofin da ba a saba dasu ba suna da sauƙin amfani da dabbobi ga yanayin rayuwa mai wahala.

Abinda yafi kayatarwa a cikin damfara shine watakila dogon bakin bakin proboscis. Dabba na iya ɗaga, ƙasa da jujjuya shi. Irin wannan hanci wanda ba a saba gani ba yana taimakawa mai jan hankali jin ɗanɗanin abincinsa daidai - tururuwa, tsutsotsi da sauran hanyoyin motsa jiki.

Longafafun kafaffuwa masu rauni tare da diddige mai tsayi suna kama da wata gabar kangaroo. Kodayake haɗin gwiwa na abubuwan tsalle-tsalle ba su da ci gaba kamar na jerboas, yawancin nau'ikan sun yi tafiya mai nisa, ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi. Hannun kafafu suna taimakawa dabbobi a cikin hadari - sun gudu daga abokan gaba da tsalle-tsalle. Godiya ga dogayen kafafu da tsarin yakar hanyoyi, ba shi da wahala mai jumbi ya bar nesa da masu bin sa - macizai da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Koyaya, hanyar da ake amfani da ita ta juyawa tana tafiya akan kafafu huɗu.

Duk masu tsalle-tsalle suna da harshe mai tsayi, wanda zasu iya tsayawa waje da gefen hanci kuma su jawo ƙananan ganima a cikin bakinsu.

Jumpers kyawawan halaye ne masu kyau. Idan aka ɗauke su, da wuya su yi amfani da haƙoran hakoransu.

Siffofin Rayuwa

Abubuwan bazuwa suna jagorantar galibi rayuwar yau da kullun, suna aiki koda a cikin sa'o'in da suka fi zafi. Waɗannan dabbobin ƙasa ne na musamman.

Abincin tsutsa masu tsalle ya ƙunshi gizo-gizo, gwoza, millipedes, tururuwa, tururuwa, dunƙulen ƙasa, gami da 'ya'yan itace da tsaba.

Dabbobi suna da haɓakar gland mai ƙanshi. A cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, ana iya kasancewa a cikin tushen wutsiya, a kirji ko a ƙafafun ƙafa. Dabbobin suna amfani da sirrin glandon wari, ba kawai don sadarwa tare da dangi ba, har ma yana basu damar yiwa hanyar alama da zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya.

Yawancin tsalle-tsalle suna iya sadarwa ta amfani da sautuna. Wasu nau'ikan suna fitar da siginar sauti, suna buga maɗaurin kafafunsu a ƙasa, yayin da wasu ke buga wutsiyoyinsu a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Idan kun sami damfara, yana yin sauti mai ƙarfi.

Matsayin jama'a

A cikin 1996, jigon mai gajeren zango ya kasance akan jerin IUCN Red tare da matsayin "jinsunan masu saurin cutarwa" (M) Koyaya, a cikin 2003 an canza matsayin zuwa "duba daga haɗari" (M damuwa), saboda, duk da ƙarancin ƙarancin yawan jama'a, wannan nau'in ya bazu ko'ina, mafi yawa ana mamaye yankuna masu ƙarfi (m), waɗanda basu da saukin juyawa ga canji na rashin lafiyar ɗan adam. Muguwar guguwa ta haifar da nau'in na iya lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewar lalacewar savannahs.

Hali, rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki

Kuna iya amintaccen kiran masu ba da gaskiya ta hanyar halayensu - daya daga cikin dabba, duk da girman girmanta, ya mamaye wani yanki mai nisan murabba'in kilomita daya kuma mafi yawan rayuwar sa yayi kokarin kada yayi hulda da dangin sa. Sai kawai a lokacin lokacin matse, 'yan tsummoki masu gajeren zango na iya zuwa neman "rabi na biyu".

Mafi yawan gajeren tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle suna son salon rayuwar rana zuwa faɗuwar rana ko, musamman, rayuwar dare. Haka kuma, rana mai zafi a Afirka ba ta tsoma baki cikin wannan ta wata hanya: akasin haka, wadannan dabbobin suna son ficewa daga matsugunansu a yammacin rana mai zafi, don jikewar rana ko kuma birgima a cikin yashi mai zafi, suna shan ƙura. Abokan halitta ne kaɗai, a cikin abin da tsuntsayen ganima suka fito waje, na iya sa su canza halayensu su fara nuna aiki da yamma ko da dare.

Tushen abincin da aka yiwa kwalliyar shine:

• kowane irin kwari
• ƙananan invertebrates.

Mafi yawan dabbobi kamar tururuwa da ciyawa, amma a lokutan fama da yunwar suma baza su damu da ƙoƙarin shuka irin shuka ba: asalinsu, berries ko harbe na plantsan tsirrai.

Idan zamuyi maganar gida ko tsari , sannan giwayen giwaye ba su da ma'ana da kadan, saboda sun gwammace su ɓoye a cikin "gidajen" ɓoyayyun wasu dabbobin. Amma koda ba a samo irin wannan ba, ba matsala! Bawon giwa zai iya tono gidansa ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba, musamman idan akwai ƙasa mai yashi mai laushi ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsa.

Kiwo da kodan Jumpers

Lokacin kiwo Yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon kaka, yana faɗuwa a watan Agusta-Satumba. Cutar ciki tana tsakanin kwanaki 50-60, bayan haka mace ta haihu biyu ko, mafi wuya, rago ɗaya. Koyaya, ba sa shirya takamaiman wurare ko makabartu don haihuwar zuriyarsu nan gaba.

Shortan ƙaramin yatsun shortan gajere da aka haife su ana haɓaka su kuma bayan couplean awanni biyu zasu sami damar motsawa da bincika sararin samaniya. Amma ba za'a iya kiran su cikakken 'yanci ba, saboda su, kamar dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa, dole ne su fara shan madarar uwa. Ciyarwar farko tana faruwa ne nan da nan bayan haihuwar zuriya. Duk wadanda zasu biyo baya - galibi da dare.

Yana da kyau a lura anan cewa mace yawancin lokaci tana nuna kamar ba ta da zuriya. Yaron gaba daya ya manta da rayuwarsu, yayin da yaran da kansu ke zaune cikin lumana a cikin matsugunin da suka samo, lokaci-lokaci suna fita waje don bincika yankin. A ƙarshen rana ne kawai mahaifiyar mai sakaci ke tunawa da nauyin iyayenta. Tana iya ciyar da jariranta sau 3-5 a dare. Amma yayin da zuriya suke girma, adadinsu yana raguwa da sauri zuwa ɗaya kowace rana. Kuma tuni akan ranakun 16 zuwa 20, masu tsalle-tsalle suna barin ramin asalinsu kuma zasu fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.

Jumper giram-gajere mai tsayi ba su cikin mashahurin dabbobi. Ko ta yaya, zuwa gida, bisa manufa. Ba su shahara kuma da wuya a same su a shagon dabbobi. Mafi muni, mutumin da ke son samun irin wannan dabbar, dole ne ya tuntuɓi ɗaya daga cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi da ke tsintsa cikin kiwo. Kuma akwai ma yan kadan daga cikinsu. Ba tare da ambaton cewa ƙwararren masani wanda ya ƙware da halaye na dabba zai fara rushe shi daga irin wannan siyayya.

Duk da irin kamannin da suke da dabbobin, sa irin wannan “mu'ujiza” a gida bashi da wahala, har ma mafi wahalar shine fara fara kiwo dasu. Wadannan matsaloli an danganta su da yanayin rayuwa irin ta dabba, ciyar da kwari da kuma takamaiman abubuwan da ke ciki.

Sauqi! A kowane hali, daga yanayin yanayi a cikin wannan tsari babu wani abu mai rikitarwa. Duba da kanka: muna ɗaukar giwa kuma rage shi zuwa girman motsi, na farko, an yarda? Wataƙila, wannan shine yadda giram ɗin tsummoki suka kasance.

A kowane hali, masana kimiyyar shekaru sun jujjuya su ta kowane fanni, don haka a gwada, da sauransu. Kuma daga rabba-rabbi kamar kwari, da kwari, da buɗaɗɗu.

Kuma a ƙarshe, sun tsaya a gaskiyar cewa giram ɗin tsummoki suna cikin abubuwan da aka cire Afrotheria , wanda, ban da wasu da yawa, ba a bayyane dabbobi daban ba, ya haɗa, kawai ba ku yi dariya ba, a zahiri, giwaye! Su, masu tsalle-tsalle, har ma a cikin wuraren ajiye dabbobi ana ajiye su kusa da waɗannan Kattai masu launin fata.

Menene giram jumper? Wannan ƙaramin ƙarami ne, har zuwa santimita 10 kuma tsawonsa ya kai girman gram 50 shaggy rashin fahimta akan ƙafafun da suka dace tare da idanu masu ban sha'awa da dogon wutsiya. Kunnuwa suna zagaye, kamar cheburashka, amma yayi karami sosai. Wannan mu'ujiza tana zaune ne a Afirka kawai kuma bawai za ta ƙaura daga nan zuwa wani wuri ba, sai dai idan masu mallakar dabbobi a cikin hanzari su gan shi.

Amma lokacin da yake motsawa, jumper, kamar "tauraro" mai ban sha'awa, yana buƙatar halayyar musamman: zazzabi mai kula da dakin da kuma sabo sabo, ko kuma ma kwari iri iri don karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kuma sabo, gida cuku. Amma galibi tururuwa da filaye an fi son su.

Af, saboda wannan dalili, da kuma wasu dalilai da yawa, an bada shawarar sosai kar a kiyaye babbar giwa a gida. Wannan ba dabbar gida bane a gida, ba abu bane mai sauki tare dashi a gidan zuba. Amma wannan haka ne, af.

Hancin dabbar yana da daɗewa kuma yana kama da akwati, wanda ake kira hopper da giwa. Kuma me yasa, a zahiri, jumper? Komai yana da sauki a nan. Wannan sunan asalin gari ne wanda mazaunan gari suka sanya su tun kafin a fara bayyanar masana ilimin likitan dabbobi. Gaskiyar magana ita ce ƙafafun dabbar dabbar daddawa sun fi na farkon gaba kuma idan yana cikin haɗari, yana tsaye akan waɗannan kafafu kuma yayi saurin sauka zuwa jahannama, kamar ƙaramin kangaroo.

Kuma idan sararin samaniya ta bayyana kuma babu abokan gaba a cikin kusancin, to wannan hopper ɗin ba ya ɓatar da ƙarfinsa kuma cikin nutsuwa yana tafiya akan dukkan ƙafa huɗu. Tabbas, har tsalle tsalle lafiyar lafiyar bai isa ba, kuma girman sa ba ɗaya bane. Amma yawanci yana kulawa don zuwa rami wanda mutum zai iya jira masifa. Haka kuma, tsummoki ba sa tafiya da nisa daga ramukarsu, ba damuwa ko menene?

Yin tsalle tsalle ba mai sauki bane. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar tsoratar da shi da kyau, to abubuwa zasu tafi. Af, idan kun tsoratar da dabba sosai (alal misali, ba zato ba tsammani dauke shi, daji da ba a sansu ba, a cikin hannayenku) to, shi ma zai ba da wata murya - hakan zai fara rawar jiki.Kodayake yawanci a rayuwa, tsalle-tsalle yana ɗaukar hankali.

'Yanci daga haihuwa

Dabba dabba ce mai shayarwa, amma ba ta zauna a wuyan iyayenta na dogon lokaci, kuma an haife ta kusan mai zaman kanta: a sutturar da kanta kuma da idonta a buɗe. Bayan ciyar da makwanni uku tare da mahaifiyarsa (wanda bai ma gina mazauni don haihuwarsa ba), kuma ba tare da ganin mahaifinsa ba (wanda ya tafi wani wuri kafin haihuwarsa kuma bai taɓa dawowa) ba, jumper din ya ci abinci kyauta. Ya zabi ko ya haƙa rami don kansa kuma yana rayuwa a cikin saƙar har ƙarshen ƙarni.

'Ya'yoyin tsalle-tsalle suna kafa ma'aurata ne kawai don bukatun na ɗan gajeren lokaci, bayan wannan sai su watse cikin sauri kuma ba su da juna kuma gaba ɗaya baya buƙatar ƙungiyar. Kodayake wani lokacin zaka iya samun a cikin yanayin dabbobin da ke rayuwa na dogon lokaci a cikin biyu, uku, amma wannan lamari ne mai rahusa, wanda yawancin lokuta ke bayani ta hanyar mawuyacin yanayi: karamin yanki don rayuwa, ƙasar da ba wuya ku tona burgo ɗaya ko biyu, abinci kaɗan da ƙari har yanzu. Wato, wasu masu tsalle-tsalle suna zaune kusa, kusan a cikin rami ɗaya. Amma suna rayuwa kamar a cikin mazaunin jama'a, ba sa kulawa ta musamman ga juna, idan ya cancanta, don haka ne zance.

Rayuwar giwa jumpers tayi sauki kuma bata da zunubi. Rana ita ce lokacin babban aiki. Kuna buƙatar kama da ci tururuwa, ƙaura daga daji zuwa daji gwargwadon bukatunku, kuma da tsakar rana kuna buƙatar tsayawa kan kafaɗun kafaɗa da kwanduna a rana. Da yamma, kuna buƙatar karin ma'aurata don cin abinci kuma, a ƙarshe, hau kan wani rami nesa da masu farautar dare.

Rayuwa a gidan zoo a dabba yana gudana kusan jera iri ɗaya. Af, a cikin gidan namun giwayen giwa ya fara fitowa ne kawai a cikin 1991, tun daga Afirka ta Kudu. Ya zuwa yanzu dai kamar yadda muka sani, ana ajiye tsummoki a gidajen dabbobi a cikin Minsk, Riga, Grodno da Berlin.

Jumper takaice (lat. Macroscelides proboscideus ) yayi kama da wani abin dariya mai ban sha'awa game da sha'awar kansa: sun ce, ya makale hancinsa ko'ina kuma kusan rasa shi. Tabbas, ba su tsage shi ba, amma sun tsawaita shi sosai.

Wannan shi ne mafi karami memba na gidan jumper. Tsawon jikinsa kamar wani sashe ne 9.4-12.5, wutsiya - daga 9.8 zuwa 13.1 cm Wannan jariri yawanci bashi da nauyi fiye da 50 g. Abu na farko da ya kama gaban ka shine siriri mai tsananin amo. . Amma kunnuwa, ya yi akasin haka, ƙananan ƙanana ne kuma sun zagaye sosai fiye da sauran nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da shi.

Gashin gashi mai gajeren wando yana da tsawo da laushi. A saman, yana iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai yashi, lemo ko rawaya, gwargwadon yankin da ke kewaye, amma a ƙasa koyaushe yana da launin shuɗi-fari. Har ila yau wutsiya tana da kyau sosai. A gefensa mai ƙamshi mai ƙanshi mai daushi.

Wadannan jariran suna zaune ne a yankin kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu. An samo su a Namibia, Afirka ta Kudu da kudancin Botswana. Haka kuma, jimlar rarraba nau'in ya wuce fadin murabba'in kilomita dubu 500, kuma tsalle ɗaya don rayuwar mai farin ciki da wadataccen abinci yana buƙatar aƙalla murabba'in kilomita.

Suna ciyar da ciyawa, tururuwa da sauran kwari. Wani lokacin sukan ci harbe-tsire na ganye, berries da asalinsu. Yin aiki a lokacin rana, kuma jin babban har ma a cikin mafi yawan sa'o'i. Haka kuma, suna qaunar yin gasa a cikin rana, suna tsaye a kafafu da kafaffu, kuma suna wanka da kura.

Gaskiya ne, tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin ba sa barin wuta - ba su da wata ma'amala ga samun ciji tare da wasu abubuwan rufe fuska. Saboda haka, mai son zafi, amma dabbobi masu hankali ana tilasta su ɓoye cikin ciyayi mai yawa ko suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa mai duhu. Yawancin lokaci ana iya ganin su a faɗuwar rana ko wayewar gari, lokacin da suke sauri su wuce daga wannan wurin zuwa wata.

Jumpers gajere-mai tsalle suna jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, haɗuwa kawai don dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Hadin gwiwar mutane da yawa a kan wani rukunin yanar gizo za a iya tilasta kawai - idan babu isasshen abinci a kusa, dabbobin suna matsawa kusa da juna.

Mafi yawan lokuta sukan mamaye komai akan komai, kodayake zasu iya tono su da kansu. Gidan mazaunin yana da sauki kuma madaidaiciya. Nan da nan, mace ta haifi zuriya, ba tare da la'akari da zama dole ba don shirya wannan wasu, mafi gida mafi gamsuwa.

Tsawon shekara daya, macen ta sami damar kawo brood uku, yayin da ciki a cikin ta ya kasance kwanaki 56-60. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an haifi jarirai guda biyu (ƙasa da sau ɗaya), waɗanda sun riga sun sami cikakkiyar girma. Uwarsu ta barsu a cikin matsuguni, ita kuma ta bar yin hakan don harkokinta.

Yana zuwa wurinsu kawai don ciyar dasu, sauran lokacin da aka barsu zuwa kayan aikin nasu, tunda mahaifinsu baya sha'awar su. A ranar 18-25th bayan haihuwar yara, sai suka yi ta zagawa don neman inda za su fara rayuwa mai zaman kansu. Lokacin da suka kai kwanaki 43, sun balaga.

Jumpers masu gajeren gajere ba sa rayuwa mai tsawo: a cikin daji don 1-2 shekaru, a cikin bauta - daga shekaru 3 zuwa 5. Koyaya, suna da yawa kuma, gabaɗaya, matsayin nau'in ba ya haifar da damuwa. Kawai masu tsalle-tsalle masu sa'a ne: wuraren da suka zaɓa don rayuwa ba su da sha'awar mutane sosai - sun kasance baƙi kuma ba su da rayuwa.

'Yan Sanda suna cikin gidan dabbobi masu shayarwa na Afirka kuma suna iya zama dabam dabam, galibi akwai nau'ikan guda uku: babba, babba da ƙarami.

Ya danganta da kasancewar wani nau'in, girman jikin sandar zai iya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 30 cm, yayin da tsawon wutsiya ya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 25 cm. Jumper a cikin hoto Yana da matukar kyau da ban mamaki, amma a rayuwa ta ainihi yana da matukar wahala a yi la’akari da saurin saurin motsi.

Fuskar dukkan masu tsalle-tsalle tana da tsayi, mai hannu da shuni, kuma kunnuwan masu gurnani iri ɗaya ne. Wata gabar jiki tana karewa da yatsu hudu ko biyar, kafafun hindu sun fi tsawo. Mayafin dabba yana da taushi, tsayi, launi ya dogara da nau'in - daga rawaya zuwa baƙi.

Wannan dabbobin na zaune ne a fili, cike da bishiyoyi ko ciyawa mai yawa, wanda kuma aka samu a cikin gandun daji. Sakamakon lamuran laƙabi, masu tsalle-tsalle ba sa haƙuri da zafi kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa suke neman wuraren inuwa don madawwamiyar rayuwa.

An tsara kayan wasan gaban don dabba ta iya tono ƙasa mai sauƙi tare da sauƙi. Wasu lokuta wannan yana taimaka musu ƙirƙirar nasu burrows, amma mafi yawan lokuta rodents mamaye gidajen komai na sauran mazaunan gandun daji.

Tabbas, masu tsalle-tsalle za su iya rayuwa ba kawai cikin burrows ba, har ma da amintaccen toshewar duwatsu ko rassan mai yawa da tushen bishiyoyi za su yi kyau. Kwarewar waɗannan ƙwayoyin itace ikonsu na motsawa ta amfani da duka paws huɗu ko biyu kawai.

To idan jumper dabba cikin sauri, shi, yatsa tare da duka dabbobin sa, a hankali yana motsawa a kasa "a ƙafa". Koyaya, idan akwai haɗari ko lokacin da ake kama ganima, lokacin da mai ƙarfi zai buƙaci hanzarta motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri, yakan fado ne kawai a kan kafafunsa da sauri da sauri. Wutsiya, tsawon sa wacce tayi daidai da tsawon jikin sa, ana tashe ko kullun ko dabba ga dabba har kasa, jumper din baya taba jan wutsiyar a bayan sa.

Yana da matukar wahalar haɗuwa da damfara a cikin mazaunin halitta, tunda dabba tana jin kunya, kuma kunnuwanta na hannu, suna kula da kowane irin sautin girgiza, suna ba da damar jin kusancin haɗari a nesa mai nisa. Wadannan sandunan suna rayuwa ne, akan Zanzibar. Gaba ɗaya, dangin vortexes sun haɗa da janare huɗu, waɗanda, biyun, sun kasu kashi huɗu.

Jumper hali da salon

Zabi wurin rayuwa ga dabbobi ya danganta ne da kasancewarsa ta wasu jinsuna. Ta wannan hanyar, giwa jumper na iya zama a kowace karamar hukuma, kama daga hamada zuwa gandun daji mai yawa, yayin da bouncer-gajere na iya jin dadi na musamman a dazuzzuka.

Jumpers na dukkan nau'ikan mallakar dabbobi ne. Kamar kowane ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna da hannu sosai. Yawan aiki yana faruwa a cikin rana, kodayake, idan dabbar tayi zafi sosai lokacin rana, shima yana jin daɗin bacci da duhu.

Masu tsalle-tsalle suna ɓoyewa daga zafin wuta a kowane wuri mai inuwa - a ƙarƙashin duwatsun, a cikin busasshen ciyawa da ciyawa, a nasu da ramuka na wasu, a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin da suka fadi .. Kuna iya haɗuwa da tsalle-tsalle masu rayuwa guda ɗaya da kuma wakilan ma'aurata masu aure

A cikin hoton gilashin giwa

Koyaya, a kowane hali, waɗannan sandunan suna kare lafiyar gidan su da yankin kusa da shi. Bugu da kari, a lokuta idan jumpers suna zama a nau'i-nau'i, maza suna kiyaye mace ta kansu daga mazajen kasashen waje, 'yan mata suna yin wannan aikin dangane da matan kasashen waje.

Don haka, dabbobin da ke tare da dabbobi suna iya zama masu tayar da hankali ga membobinsu. Jumpers masu tsayi su ne togiya ga wannan abin kwaikwaya. Koda nau'i-nau'i na wannan nau'in na iya samar da manyan yankuna kuma tare da kare yankin daga sauran dabbobi.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, masu tsalle-tsalle ba sa yin sauti, har ma a lokacin lokacin kiwo, faɗa da damuwa. Amma, wasu mutane zasu iya nuna rashin jin dadinsu ko tsoro tare da taimakon dogon wutsiya - suna buga ƙasa, wani lokacin suna goge ƙafafunsu.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa wasu lokuta masu tsalle-tsalle suna zaune kusa da juna, alal misali, idan babu isassun wurare a gundumar don ƙirƙirar ramuka ko abinci kaɗan. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, rodents zaune kusa da ba za su kasance da juna, amma ba za su kai farmaki juna.

A cikin hoto, tsararren tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi

Abinci mai gina jiki

Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta sun gwammace su ci. Zai iya zama tururuwa, tururuwa, da sauran ƙananan girma. Koyaya, idan jumper ta hadu akan hanya mai cin ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries, bazai raina su ba, har ma da tushen abinci mai gina jiki.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, jumper wanda ke zaune a kowane yanki yana san ainihin inda ya kamata don ci gaba. Misali, mai fama da yunwa, dabba zata iya zuwa tururuwa mafi kusa (idan kwari sun sami lokacin farkawa a wani lokaci).

Ba shi da wahala a sami irin wannan abincin - bayan an ci sosai, mai janaba na iya hutawa kusa da nan, sannan a ci gaba da abincin, ko kuma, ba shakka, komawa ramin sa na dogon bacci. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki ba sa ɓacewa ko'ina daga inda suka saba, kuma mai tsalle-tsalle ya san wannan sosai.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

A cikin daji, wasu nau'in tsalle-tsalle nau'i-nau'i ne, wasu suna jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici, haɗuwa tare da dangi kawai don kiwo.

The mating kakar Dates daga ƙarshen bazara - farkon kaka. Bayan haka, a cikin ma'aurata masu aure, tsarin aiwatar da dunkule ya faru, kuma ana tilasta masu barin gado su fita wani lokaci daga wuraren da suka saba domin rayuwa don neman abokin tarayya.

Ciki a cikin mace mai tsalle-tsalle yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci - kimanin watanni biyu. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana haihuwar cuba twoa biyu, ba sau da yawa - ɗaya. Mace ba ta gina wani gida na musamman don ta haifi 'ya mace a wurin ba, tana yin wannan ne a cikin mafi kusancin lokaci a lokacin da aka bayar ko a ramin ta. Cubs na jumper nan da nan suna gani kuma suna ji da kyau, suna da farin gashi mai kauri. Tuni a ranar farko ta rayuwa, suna iya motsawa da sauri.

A cikin hoto, matattarar tsummoki

Matan wannan dangi ba su da sanannen ƙarfin hankalinsu na mahaifiyar - ba sa tsare kuma ba sa dumin jariransu, aikinsu na yau da kullun shine ciyar da yaran sa madara sau da yawa a rana (kuma galibi ɗaya).

Bayan makonni 2-3, yaran sun bar matsugunin su kuma suka fara neman abinci da nasu wurin zama. Bayan wata daya da rabi suna shirye don haihuwa.

A cikin daji, jumper yana rayuwa 1-2 shekaru, a cikin bauta zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 4. Sayi wani ruwan lemo yana yiwuwa a cikin shagon sayar da dabbobi na musamman, kawai dole ne ku fara ƙirƙirar duk yanayin don jin dadi.

Bayyanar

Sizesaramin masu girma dabam a cikin gidan hoppers: tsawon jikin mutum shine 9.5-12.4 cm, wutsiya shine 9.7-13 cm, nauyi shine 40-50 g .. Fitowar ɗan gajeren wando mai ɗan gajeren wando shine, gabaɗaya, kamannin tsalle-tsalle, kayan alatu shine cewa kunnuwansa karami ne kuma masu zagaye fiye da sauran nau'in halittu. A mucks ne na bakin ciki, sosai elongated. Gashin gashi yana da tsayi da laushi. Launi a saman jikin mutum - daga yashi-launin ruwan kasa zuwa orange-rawaya tare da tabarau daban-daban, a ƙasan - wuta, launin fari-fari. Babu alamun zoben haske na tsalle-tsalle a idanu. Wutsiyar tana da kyau sosai, tare da keɓancewar ƙyallen ta a cikin mararsa. Yanka na farko a kan kafafun hular an rage kuma an sanye shi da kambori. Mace tana da nau'i-nau'i kan nono. Wani salo na musamman game da kwanyar sune manyan kararrakin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Shekaru 40.

Rayuwa

Wani gajeran zango ne wanda ke zaune a cikin tsibiran savannas da hamada ta kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta kudu, suna zaune a Namibia, South Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu. Yankin rarraba shi ya wuce 500,000 km².

Rayuwar rayuwar galibi rana ce, tana aiki koda a cikin lokutan zafi na rana, lokacin da masu tsalle-tsalle suke son shiga cikin rana ko kuma suna wanka da kura. Barazanar daga mafarautan halitta (musamman ma tsuntsaye masu farauta) na iya sa su canza tsarin mulkinsu kuma su shiga neman abinci a maraice, suna ɓoyewa tsakanin ciyayi da rana. Matsakaicin matsuguni, yawanci suna zama kamar ɓoyayyen ɓoyayye ko ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa da mashigar da kansa yashi a cikin yashi. Ana kiyaye shi galibi kuma cikin lokacin dabbar ta canjin ciki-biyu. Yankin da jumper yake shine galibi 1 km².

Jumper mai gajeren zango tana ciyar da kwari, galibi tururuwa da ƙwari, da sauran ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyin. Har ila yau cinye wani adadin abincin shuka - harbe harbe, tushen da berries.

Bayani game da bouncer mai gajeren zango

Tarihin binciken wannan nau'in dan wani lokaci ne da ake tunawa da wargi. Ba wai kawai yanayin-yau da kullun ba ne, amma na kimiyya.

Springboks suna cinye karamin adadin kayan shuka - tsiro na shuka, tushen da berries.

Lokacin da aka gano wannan dabba a kudanci na Afirka, masu nazarin halittu nan da nan sunyi kokarin sanin ko wanene, wannan shine ainihin sha'awar dabi'a. Amma kamar su waye yake kama? Gabaɗaya, ba kowa ba amma sauran tsalle-tsalle iri ɗaya. Da farko, an sanya bouncer mai gajeren zango ne don keɓewa cikin kwari, da gaskantawa cewa su 'yan uwan ​​juna ne na shinge, ɓarke ​​da motsi. Bayan haka, bayan wani lokaci, masana kimiyyar, da suka kalli wannan dabba, suka yi “tunani da kyau” kuma, yayin da suka kalli wasu fasalolin kungiyar ta kurmi mai gajeren zango, suka yanke shawarar cewa ya kalleta gaba daya, komai girman sauti, kamar na biri! Bayan wannan, an gabatar da tsari don bayyana wakilan wakilan mambobin kwamitin na farko.

Jumpers gajere masu tsalle-tsalle suna rike da mafi yawan su kaɗai kuma a lokacin lokatanta kaɗai na balaga - cikin nau'i-nau'i.

Masu binciken burbushin halittu basu tsaya gefe daya ba kuma sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa jumpers ba alamun asali bane saboda karamin dalili shine cewa sune kusancin dangi na zamanin da. Don haka, a cikin kankanin lokaci, jumper ya sami nasarar zama dangi na shinge biyu da birai da dawakai. Irin wannan rashin tabbas a fili bai ja hankalin duniyar kimiyya ba, kuma masana kimiyyar da ke da ra'ayoyi daban-daban sun yanke shawarar raba wadannan dabbobi masu ban dariya a cikin wani sashe na daban wanda ke da daya daga cikinsu, wanda aka sanya wa sunan Latin Macroscelidae.

Sources

• Rayuwar Dabbobi: a cikin 7 vol / Ed. V. E. Sokolova. T.7. Dabbobi masu shayarwa - 2nd b., Revised. - M.: Ilimi, 1989 .-- 558 s (shafi 99).
• Dohring, A. 2002. “Macroscelides proboscideus” (A layi-layi), Gidan Yanar Gizo Banbancin dabbobi. Ya isa ga Afrilu 11, 2007.
• Stuart, C., Perrin, M., FitzGibbon, C., Griffin, M. & Smit, H. 2006. Macroscelides proboscideus. A: IUCN 2006. IUCN Red Jerin Abubuwan da Barazana. An saukar da shi a ranar 11 Afrilu, 2007.

Halin Iyaye

Uba bashi da hannu wajen tarbiya. Mace ta haihu a mafaka, amma ba ta yin wasu mazaunan. Nan da nan bayan ta haihu, tana iya barin jariranta, amma ta dawo da dare don ciyar da su. Kamar yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ba da 'ya'ya masu girma, halayen mahaifa sun iyakance ga shayarwa, abubuwan ilmantarwa, da kariya daga masu hasara.