Babbar irin ƙwaro ko katako mai ɓoyewa - babban gidan da keɓaɓɓen gidan ƙwaro. Halin halayyar wannan nau'in babbar gashin-baki ne, ya fi tsayi fiye da jiki. An rarrabe su kamar haka: kwari na arthropod coleoptera barbel.

Masu tara kayan masarufi suna da matukar son waɗannan ɗumbin ƙwayoyin cuta saboda bambancinsu ga girman jiki, siffar elytra, fitattun nau'ikan zane-zane, gurneti da ƙyalli akan elytra, da launuka iri-iri. Wasu samfuran bushewa sun bushe kimanin $ 1,000.

Hakanan, wata ƙasa ta katako na ƙwayoyin katako tana da ikon rusa mahimmancin gandun daji cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, don haka yan gandun daji su rusa su. Saboda dalilai na sama, duk da yawan ɗaruruwan halittu da rarrabuwar ƙasashen duniya, ana samun mutanen da aka jera a cikin littafin nan mai suna Red Book a cikin gidan ƙwaro.

Bayanin da fasali

Wadannan kwari basu da lahani a cikin kansu, suna ciyar da tsirrai, galibi nau'in itace. Amma wani lokaci suna kama da menacing. Alamar da ta fi kayatarwa ita ce gashin baki mai ɗorewa, girman su sau 2 ne, ko ma sau 5, sun wuce tsawon jiki. A gindin eriyawan idanu ne. Gashin-baki - gashin kamshin da taɓawa.

Abinda aka saba da duk waɗannan kwari sune tsarin jikin elongated, kodayake, ya danganta da nau'in halittar, siffar kanta zata iya faɗaɗa sosai a gaɓoɓin kuma mafi elongated. A cikin tsarin jikin tsofaffi, ana iya rarrabe manyan sassa uku: kai, kirji da ciki. An rarraba gabar jiki zuwa bangarori 5 - ƙashin ƙugu, ƙwanƙolin kafa, cinya, ƙafar ƙafa da ƙafa.

Suna da nau'i-nau'i 3 na paws, chitin elytra mai wuya, wasu kuma suna da manyan jaws. Abun ciki yana da taushi, ya kasu kashi kashi, galibi sau biyar. Da kan su ke zagaye, yana faruwa an saka shi sosai cikin prothorax.

Maza sun bambanta da mace a cikin gashin baki mai tsayi, babban juji na maza ma an haɓaka su, ciki na da kyau, kuma sau da yawa ana fentin su a wani launi daban. Siffar jikinsu ya fi taushi da fadi. Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna halin da irin wannan abu shine dimorphism na jima'i. Wannan shi ne lokacin da mata da maza suka bambanta, kamar dai daga jinsin dabam ne.

Yawancin ƙwayoyin gwanaye suna ɓoye saƙo, ƙamshi ko ƙaho. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon yaduwar haƙarƙarin prothorax a farfajiyar mitsitsi na kashin, ko kuma lalacewar kwatangwalo na kafaɗun gaban kafaɗa. Suna yin irin wannan sautin lokacin da abokan gaba suka tsoratar dasu. Da alama tsoratar da su.

Launinsu daban ne. Ya ƙunshi launi na fuka-fukan chitin da gashi a jiki. Launuka suna murna da iri-iri. Haske mai haske - launin rawaya mai kirim, letas, lemun tsami, ruwan hoda.

Abubuwan duhu masu duhu - launin ruwan kasa, shuɗi, baki. Mafi yawancin lokuta canza launi yana faruwa - ratsi, aibobi da sauran alamu, wasu lokuta rikitarwa da ado. Duk bambance-bambance na waje na irin ƙwaro suna dogara da mazauninsu da jinsuna.

Atesididdigar mawuyacin hali suna bayyana kusan 26,000 nau'ikan waɗannan halittun, amma waɗannan bayanan suna canzawa sau da yawa. Kusan kowace shekara ana samun sabon nau'in daga wurare daban-daban, galibi daga wurare masu zafi da wuraren da ke kusa da mai daidaitawa. Koyaya, a cikin wayewar kai Turai, kasashen Asiya da Amurka mai ci gaba, an sami sababbin halittu.

A Rasha, akwai nau'ikan 583. Duk da bambance bambancen da yalwa, masana kimiyya sunyi nazarin waɗannan kwari. Yawancin su masu matsakaici ne na katako. Amma akwai ƙattai a cikinsu. Misali, wani katon ɓarayi-titan da yake zaune a Arewacin Amurka ya kai 19-22 cm tsayi.

Akwai wani babban jinsin a Kudancin Amurka - ƙwayar katako ta Brazil, babban haƙoran haƙora, wanda girmansa ya kai 17-18 cm.Wancin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta daga Fiji ita ce ta uku mafi girma daga cikin manyan ƙwaro irin ƙwayoyin da aka sani a yanzu. Girmanta ya kai 15 cm.

Lumberjack

Babbar ƙwayar tsibirin Turai a wannan lokacin ita ce masasassar masassaƙa, yana da kusan cm 6. A cikin Rasha, akwai kuma babban wakili na wannan nau'in - Ussuri relic barbel. Ya girma zuwa 11 cm.

Relic mashaya

Akwai ƙananan ƙananan hukumomi 11 da ke da alaƙa da cinikin. Bari muyi magana game da wasunsu. Sunaye: real barbel, lamina, barbel, prondrina, prionina barbel, spondylidin. Lamines sun haɗa da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin gwoza sama da 13,000; a waje guda, yawancinsu suna da kyan gani. Misali, wasu suna da ratsi mai launin baƙi da kore a launi tare da fikafikan su.

Prionins sun hada da nau'ikan 1000. Wannan shine ɗayan tsoffin kwari. Ana samunsa a koina a duniya, sai dai laran yankin polar na sanyi. Girman yana da banbanci sosai, daga mm 2 zuwa 178 mm, amma mafi yawa waɗannan waɗannan manyan ƙwaro ne, wasu lokuta har zuwa 22 cm.

Fentin launin ruwan kasa, baki, sautunan launin ruwan kasa. Don wannan subfamily ne ƙattai daga cikin irin ƙwaro ke cikin: luman itace-titan, ƙwayar katako ta Brazil, babba-yatsa, da Ussuri relic lumberjack.

Yawan nau'ikan Parandrins 50, suna rayuwa ne a cikin tsaunuka da ƙananan kwari. M ga iyali, kamar yadda suke da wani ɗan gajeren eriya, mafi tuni na stag beetles. Launi na fikafikan wuya yawanci ja-kasa-kasa ne ko baƙi.

Wisis ko lepturins dangi ne na 100 da keɓaɓɓu 2500. Lesan ƙananan ƙwaro, fuka-fukan ana fentin su da rawaya-baƙar fata.

Spondylidins sun haɗa da nau'ikan 100. Waɗannan wakilai ne na dare da maraice. Gashin gashin baki shima baya da tsawo sosai, girmansu yashafi jiki. Launin fuka-fuki launin shuɗi-baki ne ko mai baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa.

Wannan belin da ƙwaro a cikin hoto yayi kama da hoto daga frescoes na Masar. Yana da kyau a bayyane, a tsakiyar jiki akwai tsaka-tsakin yanayi, fuka-fuki tare da kyawawan matte sheen, wani abu kamar kayan ado na tagulla. Gashin gashin baki ya yatsu, kafafu suna da matukar kyau. Kawai samfuri ne don suturar makamai.

Bayyananniyar ƙwayar gwaiba

Wani fasali na iyali shine dogayen tsummoki da kuma dogayen hannu, a wasu halaye sunfi girman tsawon jiki.

Paceaƙwalwar ajiyar tana da dorewa, a ƙarƙashin wuya elytra na bakin ciki, kaɗan, amma an fi ɓoye fuka-fukan aiki

Beetles kansu na musamman kyau da m. Tarin mafi girma da kuma manyan wakilan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna zama wajibi ga kowane masanin ilimin kimiya na novice. Tarin yakan ƙunshi babban irin ƙwaro - titanium, gobara mai tsayi, ƙaruwar Ussuri da baƙar fata baki ɗaya. Hatta bishiyar ƙwayar baƙar fata da ke da santimita shida, wanda galibi ana samun sa a yankunan Rostov da Stavropol, yana ba da ra'ayi mafi inganci. Wadannan kwari suna son rayuwar rayuwa ba tare da bambanci ba, kuma ba kamar sauran kwari, sun fi son sarari. Wato, hanyar ɓarnar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar ɗakin kwanciyar ku ba za ta kwanta tare da bango ba, amma a tsakiya, ba a kunyata wuraren da haske ba. Ga mutumin da ba a shirya ba, haɗuwa tare da babban ƙwaro, a fili yana ɗaukar kansa maigidan ɗakin, taron zai iya zama m.

Halin ƙwaro a cikin yanayi

Gwanin ƙwaro ba ya haɗari ga ɗan adam. Duk da mummunan rawar da akeyi, an bambanta irin ƙwaro da natsuwa da nutsuwa, yakan kasance cikin nishaɗi, baya ɓoye baya gudu, baya jin tsoron zama cikin tafin hannun sa, baya yin yunƙurin cizo ko cutar da mutum. Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace, suna da gashin baki mafi tsayi da siririn jiki mai santsi. Ana bambanta mata ta hanyar sifofinsu kuma ba dogo mai tsayi-yawa - wanda ya fi guntu fiye da maza na nau'ikan daya.

Gashin-baki wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci na ƙwayar cuta. Suna jin irin ƙwaro a kusa da su, yana ɗaukar canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da zafi. Idan kwaro yana jin tsoro, yana narkar da gashin-baki a daidaituwa da tofin jikinta don ya zama kamar ba za'a iya lura dashi ba. A cikin yanayin al'ada, gashin-baki yana haɓaka gaba da gaba kuma yana taimaka wa irin ƙwaro tayi sararin samaniya.

Meye irin ƙwaro?

Abincin ɗan kwaro ya girma shine tsire-tsire masu fure, fure, fure, da haushi da ƙananan tsire-tsire. Irin ƙwaro na beetan Adam baƙi ne mai ɗanɗano, kyawawan halittu marasa lahani.

Karin kwari su ne voracious larvae na sha'ir ƙwaro. Tsutsa yana da tsawon rayuwa na 1-2 shekaru, amma a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi zai iya wanzu a cikin gandun daji shekaru da yawa, a wasu yanayi har zuwa shekaru 50. Watanni da yawa, lardin larvae na lardin ya sami damar rushe ginin mazaunin katako tare da rufin gidaje da kayan sawa, yana sa bai dace da zama ba. A cikin adalci, mun lura cewa ba duk dusar ƙanƙan da ba a cinye itace ba. Wasu larvae sun sami damar ciyar da ƙasa da humus, tsire-tsire masu ganye, asalinsu.

Yawancin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna iya tashi. Ba koyaushe ba ne, kawai lokacin balaga. Fuskoki suna fadada mazaunin, suna sa yiwuwar rikice-rikice tsakanin al'ada su zama gama gari tsakanin mashaya. Yankin jirgin sama yawanci bashi da girma, daga dubun-dubun mita zuwa ma'aurata kilomita.

Abin da ya sa ƙwayoyin cuta suna yin irin wannan sautin

Additionalarin ƙarin fasali mai ban sha'awa ana iya ɗaukarsa wani nau'in gurɓataccen abu, wanda aka samu ta hanyar shafawa da ƙafafun kafa a wuya da kuma haƙarƙari akan ciki. Sautikan suna da ƙarfi sosai, suna da ikon juyawa gidan katako zuwa dandamali don Silent Hill ko wani fim mai ban tsoro na mazaunan birni. Mazauna sun yi imanin cewa kyakkyawan gidan wani yanki ne mai sanyin hali na zaman lafiya a cikin jeji.

Sautin karaya yana ɗaukar nauyi - suna tsoratar da ƙanana da ƙanana, kuma a cikin lokacin matsi, wani ƙaramin ƙarfi da ke ba da damar kwari su sami abokan da suka dace.

Balaguron rayuwar Barbel

Tsarin rayuwa na yawancin nau'in ɓarke ​​yana ɗaukar shekaru 1-2. Matar irin ƙwaro tana sanya ɗaruruwan ɗari, har zuwa ƙwai 400 a cikin wurin da ya dace - moistened herbal substrate, a cikin laushi mai laushi, bayan yin rami a cikin rata tsakanin allon ko a cikin lahani na log ko allon. Mace na iya sa ƙwai ko da a cikin ƙaramin yanki, a cikin bege cewa a nan gaba tsutsa za ta kula da kanta ta cinikin katako. Wasu nau'ikan suna sanya ƙwai a cikin haushi ɗaya a lokaci guda, a cakuda kogon daban don kowane kwai.

tsutsa tsutsa

Babban halin da ake ciki don nasarar ci gaban ƙwayayen kwai shine zafi da zafi. Tsutsa fararen tsutsa ne mai fararen fata ba tare da kafafu ba, amma tare da wuce gona da iri tare da gefan jikin mutum tare da daskararren kai dauke da manyan makoki masu karfin zub da itace. Daban-daban jinsunan gwoza na Longhorn sun fi son itaciyar itace daban-daban, amma a gabaɗaya, yawancin ƙwayoyin birrai suna da damar ciyar da kowane itace. Tunda akwai larvae da yawa, kama ɗaya na iya haifar da lahani kai tsaye.

Tare da fara yanayin sanyi, tsutsa cikin zurfin nau'in itacen kuma yana tsammanin yanayi mara kyau. Tare da dumama da dawowar cike da danshi, tsutsa ya koma zuwa saman yadudduka na itace, dalibi ya aminta, ya wuce matakin girma, gnaws a farfajiya kuma sabon ƙwaro irin ƙwaro ya bayyana.

tsutsa tsutsa

Tasirin larvae yana da girma sosai. Masana ilimin kimiyya suna ɗaukar waɗannan ƙwaro irin waɗannan shekaru iri ɗaya ne da na Dinosaurs, waɗanda suka sami nasarar rayuwa cikin duka bambancin su har zuwa yau. A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, larvae kamar ana kiyaye shi a cikin itace kuma yana iya wanzuwa shekaru da yawa. Idan abinci bai wadatar ba, ana samun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta daga larva na ƙoshin abinci bayan karatun.

'yar tsana

Bayan haihuwa, tsohuwar ƙwaro irin ta zaune kawai 'yan watanni, har sai da tsakiyar lokacin bazara. A wannan lokacin, kwari suna iya yin jirgin sama, sami abokan da suka dace, shirya masarry.

Babban fitina a duniya

Manyan wakilan gwanayen ɓarnar suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Titanium irin ƙwaro ya kai tsawon 17 cm, ban da tsawon gashin baki. Babbar ƙyallen toothed ko ƙwanƙwarar ƙwanƙwasa na iya zama sama da cm 18. Babban ƙyamar Rasha shine relic Ussuri, kawai 11 cm, amma wannan ma yana da yawa.

fasarar

Launi na irin ƙwaro na iya zama kowane, dangane da mazaunin mazauni. Saboda girman su, ƙwayoyin kwari bazai iya jin tsoron zama abincin abincin tsuntsaye ba. 'Ya'yan Beetles suna tsoratar da kananan masu farauta tare da daskararru mai kaifi.

Matsayin beli a cikin daji

A cikin yanayin kasa, muhimmin aiki mai kima yana da mahimmanci. Manya da manya sune abinci mai kyau ga tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Tsarin larva mai aiki da gulma yana cikin aiwatar da zubar da tsofaffin bishiyoyi da cututtukan, iska. Irin ƙwaro ba a banza bane wanda ake kira guntun ɓoye. Masana kimiyya suna bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin rayuwar ƙwayar bishiyoyi da yaduwar mycelia - mycelium a cikin kututture da bishiyoyi da suka faɗi. Maganar matsalar ita ce kamar haka - itace kaɗai bai isa ba don ciyar da larvae da matalin al'ada. Namomin kaza masu wadatar suna da taimako mai kyau a cikin abinci na lardin ƙwaro. Amma a gefe guda, mycelium yafi sauƙaƙa don shiga cikin katako kuma itace mai ɗauke da iska, wanda larvae ya rigaya ya shafa. Wani symbiosis mai ban sha'awa na fungi da larvae shine batun yawancin karatu a fagen ilmin kimiya.

Tare da taimakon beetles, tsofaffin kututture da sauri juya zuwa cikin abinci na gina jiki wanda ganye da matasa shuke-shuke iya girma. Beetwararrun ƙwaro da tsofaffi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsirrai na tsirrai, kamar yadda suke ciyar da pollen.

Mafi hatsari barbel

Wannan kwari ne mai duhu ko baƙar fata, wanda ya zaɓi gidan katako na zama babban wurin zama. Irin ƙwaro kanta kanta babba ne, yana da jiki har zuwa 8 cm ko har zuwa 20 cm, idan kun ƙidaya tare da gashin-baki. Larvae ƙanana kaɗan ne, kusan 3 cm tsayi da kusan mm 3 cm a diamita. Irin ƙwaro zaune a cikin taga Frames, ceilings, partitions, furniture.

lalata ɓarawon ƙwaƙwalwa

Blackaƙar ƙwayar baƙar fata ta gidan baƙar fata ke haɓaka kawai a cikin sarrafa coniferous, akasarinsu spruce, Pine da itace, misali, a cikin katako, dogayen sanda, da sauransu. Mai ƙarfi lalacewa itace a cikin ginin da gine-gine ana lura da farko a cikin wuraren da ke da dumin iska (alal misali, yankunan bakin teku, yankunan bakin teku), musamman inda yawan zafin jiki na iska yake.

barnar ƙwaro

Biranen suna farawa ne a tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma na ƙarshe har zuwa watan Agusta, suna faruwa a ranakun zafi, musamman da rana da yamma. Matsa a takaice dai. Matar na rayuwa ne kawai game da kwanaki 25, kuma yana sanya ƙwai kawai kwanaki 12, nan da nan bayan mating. Kwai kwanciya yana rinjayi ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙanshin terpenes da haushi na substrate. Matar ta sanya kwayaye a cikin ramukan katako zuwa zurfin 20-30 mm. A cikin liyafar 2-8, mace na iya yin matsakaicin nauyin 200, a mafi yawan ƙwaya 420, wanda larvae ya fito a cikin makonni 1-3. Ba da daɗewa ba zasu fara lalata wurare, m a sashe, wucewa kawai ta yadudduka na itace bazara da kuma clogged da lafiya rawar soja gari da kuma excrement. Matakan hankali suna fadadawa zuwa mm 12 mm. Fuskar da ke saman itace ya ci gaba da kasancewa, ya yi kama da takarda. A hankali, sapwood yana daɗaɗaɗɗa, yayin da ƙwaƙwalwar galibi ya kasance ba ya kasancewa. Manyan larvae suna shirya rami na jirgin ƙasan kwari na gaba, sannan su faɗaɗa hanya kuma suka shirya doll doll, wanda aka liƙa tare da ƙoshin shaɗa a gefe ɗaya kuma an lalata shi da gari mai juyawa a wannan bangaren. Tsutsa tsintsiya ya wuce ta gabanin yaro, wanda yai makonni 1-2. Matakan kafa kamar yadda yakamata yai makonni 2-4. Lokacin da jikin karamin irin ƙwaro yayi ƙarfi, yakan bar itace ta wurin rami m. Dukkanin ci gaba yana wuce shekaru 2-10, galibi shekaru 3-6 kuma ya dogara da ƙimar abinci, zazzabi da gumi na itace.

Black Brownie Lumberjack rarraba a Turai, Siberiya, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Asia Minor da China. An samo shi a kudu zuwa arewacin Afirka, an kuma kawo shi zuwa Kudancin Afirka da Arewacin Amurka. Blackarƙar katako ta ɓarna gida ɓataccen fasaha ce na katako a cikin gidaje da tsare-tsare.

Laifin da ke tattare da kwari

Duk lahani yana da dangantaka ne da lalacewar aiki na kayan katako da gine-gine. Koyaya, lalacewar gine-gine, rufi, da kayan gida na iya zama muhimmi. Gwanin ƙwaro ya sami nasarar juyar da itace mai ƙura zuwa ƙura.Ganuwar da aka lalata da kuma benaye na iya zama barazanar rayuwa sakamakon yiwuwar rushewa.

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Yadda za a fahimci cewa tsarin yana kamuwa da larvae

Idan ƙananan tarin turɓaya itace suka bayyana a kusa da bango na katako, wannan tabbataccen alama ce ta kasancewar katako. Kada kuyi tsammanin sabbin alamu, kamar rufin rufin. Yi aiki. Abin takaici, tsutsa yana da dukkanin katunan kyau - yana da lafiya, yana da abinci mai yawa, idan ba ya son yanayin, zai iya zurfafa kuma ya yi shekaru goma a wurin. Chemicals da suka ratsa zurfin itacen bishiyar bata wanzu. Saboda haka, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta zai ci gaba.

hakowa gari

Abin ban sha'awa da yawa, yawancin masu aikin katako suna so da katako - itacen oak, mahogany, ash, gyada. Irin waɗannan kayayyaki da bangarorin ciki, matakala, suna da tsada sosai. Fahimci cewa itace mai mahimmanci dole ne ya sami ceto ta hanyar halayyar sihiri. Itace mai soyayyen itace yayi amo sosai akan tasirin. Sauti mai narkewa na nufin kasancewar muryoyin murɗaɗɗiyar ƙwaro. Wasu maƙeran zauren majalisar sun koyi yadda ake ajiye abubuwa da kwaro ke ci, har ma don ba da kyawun yanayi ga wuraren da aka maido da su. Irin wannan jin daɗin ya isa isasshen kuɗi har ma da na arna, amma sakamakon yana da ban mamaki.

In mun gwada da taushi itace - spruce, Pine, Birch, wahala more daga kwaro. Gano gaban kwaro ta sauti yafi wahala. Koma a kan itacen ba tare da ƙyallen ku ba, amma tare da bayan guduma. Idan farfajiya ta tashi kuma sauti ya bushe gaba daya, lamarin ba shi da kyau. Dogayen itacen da aka ci za'a iya soke shi ko da maɓallin sikirin. Dole ne a kawar da gutsuttukan da aka shafa nan da nan kuma a maye gurbinsu da sarrafawa ta farko daga larvae na ƙwayar gwal.

Shin zai yiwu a rabu da ƙarnatar rigakafi

Cikakke kuma mai tabbacin rabu da mu lardin ne mai wuya, kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Amma sanya tsutsa ya mutu ainihin gaske ne. Ana aiwatar da aiki ta hanyar haɗari sosai. Tushen abubuwan da ke da guba shine phosphine. Hakanan, bidi'a akan kasuwar Rasha XILIX GEL yana ba ku damar ba da garantin kan abubuwan da aka sarrafa tun shekaru 10.

Karanta ƙari game da fumigation fosphine fumigation nan.

Kasancewa a cikin gida yayin sarrafawa ba tare da abin rufe fuska ba a cire shi gaba daya. Bayan 'yan awanni, zaku iya yin iska da wuraren shakatawa kuma kuyi maganin bango na waje. Abubuwa masu guba wadanda ke da sinadari na Phosphine suna da sauƙin canzawa kuma yanayin zai fita da sauri.

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Yin rigakafi da kariya

Lokacin gina gida na katako, gidan wanka, kayan karewa, rufi, rafters, filayen katako, tabbatar da ingancin kayan katako. Ba su da alamun halayyar kamuwa da cuta tare da lardin itace na katako. Duk haushi, gasa, ya kamata a hewn gabaɗaya, ba tare da wata alama ba. Tsarin babban cortex da bast shine ingantacciyar mazauninsu na larvae wanda ke ba da hanyarsu gaba kuma cikin saurin sauri. Koda karamin yanki na haushi da aka bari a baya saboda sakaci zai iya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta na gidan gaba daya. Ku ƙona haushi da aka cire, kar ku bar don hunturu.

maganin kashe kwari

Kula da sarrafa itace

Lahani na hukumar da katako, kasancewar nicks, fasa, rot - wurare masu dacewa don sanya kwalliyar kwari. Gibba tsakanin rakodin, katako, yatsa na kayan halitta - gayyata kai tsaye ga masu aikin katako a gidan. Yi amfani da ulu mai ma'adinai, ƙwayar kwari, rufe dukkan ɓarna har sai sun kasance cikakke. Dole ne a kula da itacen tare da impregnation na musamman, sannan a shafe shi da ado da kayan ado ko saka ruwa mai ruwa tare da aikin plasticization.

Lokacin amfani da varnishes da man bushewa, tilas murfin katako dole ne a sabunta shi duk shekara. In ba haka ba, kwari za su lalata gidan da sauri. A cikin yanayin sanyi tare da dogon lokacin sanyi, ayyukan katako na katako ba su da yawa sosai. Gidaje na iya tsawan daruruwan shekaru kuma suna riƙe ƙarfi. A cikin gumi da zafi canjin yanayin zafi, lardin da ke tattare da ƙwaro suna haifar da haɗari sosai kuma da sauri suna rusa gine-ginen katako da ba su kariya.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Belan ƙwaro Barbel yana rayuwa a duk duniya inda akwai gandun daji. Rarraba su ya dogara da wadatar abinci - galibi bishiyoyi. Banbancen shine Arctic da Antarctic, daidai saboda ƙarancin wadatar abinci.

A cikin hanyar rayuwa, suna da cikakken wayoyin hannu. Suna rarrafe, da yawa da sauri sosai. Wasu daga cikinsu suna iya tashi. Idan ka dauko irin ƙwaro, yakan fitar da mai magana da halaye. Rayuwarsu ta dogara da yanayi da mazauninsu.

A cikin yankuna na kudanci, wadannan kwari "sun zama fikaffi" tun tsakiyar bazara. Bishiyar Asiya ta Tsakiya ta fara tashi kusa da kaka. Wasu suna aiki da rana, galibi suna ciyar da furanni masu buɗewa da rana. Wasu kuma suna aiki da dare. Abincinsu ba ya ɓoye a cikin duhu.

Dukansu tsutsotsi na dare da rana suna samun wuraren waha-da-kai don hutawa ko yin cudanya. Dogaro da girman, an tsara kewayon jirgin. Da ya fi girma kwaro, da kadan sai ya tashi, da yake ya fashe. Sun jagoranci rayuwa mai sirri sosai. Ganin irin ƙwaro da ya girma a cikin gandun daji babbar kyauta ce ga likitan dabbobi kuma alama ce mai ba da tsoro ga gandun daji.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Wancan menene irin ƙwaro?, ya dogara da mazaunin sa. Beetan ƙwayoyin bishiyoyi sun cika tare da kwaro da adon furanni, haushi da ganyen ciyayi da bishiyoyi. Yankakken gawa da lafiya haushi, petioles, SAP na shuke-shuke, ɓangaren litattafan almara na cacti ko wasu tsire-tsire - wannan shine abin da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ke ci.

Wato, ƙwaro irin ƙwaro ne kusan babu lahani. Kuma a nan ƙwaro irin ƙwaro - Wannan gandun daji ne na bishiyoyi, ginin da katako da abubuwan da aka yi da itace. Suna haɓaka bishiyoyi kuma suna ciyar da itace, suna haifar da babbar illa ga gandun daji a duniya.

Yawancin ƙwayoyin halittar sun kasu kashi biyu cikin ƙananan daidai saboda zaɓin nau'in jinsin itace, wanda aka zaɓa don ciyar da lardin su. Misali, itacen oak irin ƙwaro sha'ir fi son katako, itacen oak, misali.

Zai iya tsayawa a cikin itacen itacen oak, haka kuma a wuraren lalacewar itacen. Wannan irin ƙwaro yana da matsakaici a girma, daga 3 zuwa 6 cm, baƙar fata tare da ɗanɗano launin ruwan kasa, kuma mai haske kamar guduro. Elytra ja a ƙarshen. Baya ga itacen oak, ya zaɓi beech, hornbeam, Elm, gyada don larvae nan gaba.

Bakar fata baƙar fata, ko Pine ya fi son zaɓar conifers. Ana kuma kiranta bugun jirgin ruwa. Addinin sa ya lalace har ma da ƙirar jirgin ruwa gama ƙarewa, idan an gina su ne daga itacen da aka kamuwa da ita. Shi da kansa yana cin ɗanyen fure, allura da ganye.

Irin ƙwaro da suka fi son bishiyoyin coniferous don masonry - larch, spruce, Pine, sun haɗa da irin ƙwaro mai lebur, tare da launi mai shunayya.

M irin ƙwaro barbel Yakan yi kiwo a bishiyar bishiyyi mai laushi, ciyayi mai laushi. Amma larvae cutar itatuwa kusan a kan masana'antu sikelin. Sun ci gaba da lalata itace, har ma an girbe su da yankan fun amfani. Kuma suna ƙaunar zama kusa da mutane, suna ruguza gine-gine.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Dukkanin hanyoyin haihuwa ana faruwa a wuri mai kwanciyar hankali da lumana, wani wuri mafi girma. A saman bishiya, akan rufin. A cikin mace, ana fitar da wani ruwa na musamman (asirin) wanda ke jan hankalin abokin zama. Mating yakan ɗauki minti 30. Matar da ta sami kulawa ta kasance karkashin kariya da kulawa daga namiji, wanda ya kasance tare da ita har sai bayyanar qwai.

A ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, namiji ya mutu, kuma mace ta tsira daga ita ta sanya ƙwai. Matar irin ƙwaro tana sanya ƙwai ɗari 100 a cikin ɓarna na bishiyoyi da bayanan itace. Tana zabar mason din da kamshi. Bayan ya kirkiro kwaro, kwaro ya nuna rashin damuwa da zuriyar.

Larvae yakan fito daga qwai, sai pupae, kuma bayan yearsan shekaru sai suka ci wurare a cikin itaciyar suka yi biris. A larvae kansu, girma, kusan kai tsawon wani irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro. Duk yanayin rayuwar yana kunshe da matakai da yawa: kwai, tsutsa, pupa, da imago.

Wani lokaci Longhorn beetles pre-shirya wani wuri don ciyar da haɓaka larvae nan gaba. Sun zabi kananan bishiyoyi, suna cin abinci kusa da haushi kusa da kewaye a cikin hanyar zobe, kusa da tushe. A sakamakon haka, itaciyar ta fara mutuwa a hankali. Kuma jinkirta larvae yana kammala tsarin lalacewa.

Suna fitar da babbar murya, suna ciji a cikin itace. Wani lokaci a cikin daji mai bushewa zaka iya jin wannan sautin halayyar. Larvae suna da matukar wuya. Sun yarda da duk wani mummunan yanayi, suna rayuwa a busassun bishiyoyi da ƙarancin abinci shekaru da yawa.

Suna da launi mai launin haske, daga fari zuwa launin shuɗi. Jikin kanta yana da taushi, ɗan ƙarami, tare da ingantaccen cephalothorax. An sanye shi da jaws mai ƙarfi kai tsaye, wanda zai iya yin duka yankan da aikin tauna.

Rayuwar rayuwar dattijo gajere ne. Irin ƙwaro yana fitowa daga pupa a farkon bazara, kodayake wannan shine tsutsa dole ne ya sami lokacin "pupate". Idan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta yi nisa, ƙwayar chrysalis tana binnewa cikin jigon itacen tare da rawar soja, da masu hibernates, suna jiran farkon zafi.

Amfanin da cutarwa ga mutane

Lokacin da tsutsa zai fita, an kafa rami a cikin bishiyar, daga abin da ƙananan zanen take zubewa. Don haka ya zama a bayyane inda wannan kwaro mai cutarwa ke zaune. Wani lokaci sukan ci itace daga ciki don cike sharan, sai ta rushe.

Wasu kwaro, kamar barbel, sun zama maƙwabta ɗan adam mara kyau. A cikin yanayi, ba su da yawa, amma suna jin girma a cikin gidaje na katako. Ruwan sama na gidan, benaye, maɓallin taga katako, rafters na rufi da rufin - komai na iya wahala idan wannan kwaro ya fara. Sun sa larvae da ke rusa komai na katako.

Koda kayayyaki, gadaje, tebur da kujeru na iya shan wahala daga irin wannan unguwa. 'Ya'yan ƙwayoyin tsuntsaye a hankali suna sanya kwanansu a wuraren da ba a iya zuwa - fasa fasa zur cikin kayayyakin katako. Bayan makonni 2, larvae ya bayyana daga gare su, wanda ke fara aikin lalata abubuwan da basu gani ba. Idan ba ku aiwatar da waɗannan abubuwan akan lokaci ba, bayan ɗan lokaci komai zai zama ƙura.

Akwai, duk da haka, mutane na irin ƙwaro na katako wanda ba mai haɗari ba ne, amma fa'idodi. Misali, irin ƙwaro daɗi ba cutarwa ga gandun daji. Yana shafar tsohuwar bishiyoyi da kuma masu mutuwa, wanda ke hanzarta canza yanayin katako daga itace zuwa humus. Yawancin ƙwayoyi suna yin fure a matsayin tsirrai na fure-fure, suna amfana fiye da na’urar pollinators na gargajiya.

Yadda za'a rabu da shamaki

Irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro a gida - ofaya daga cikin mafi munin maƙiyan mutum, idan ba mafi haɗari ba. Its larvae ne Hardy, voracious, kuma ba nan da nan gano. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar sanin wasu ƙa'idodi, yadda za a rabu da mu da barbel kwaridon kada a barsu ba tare da mahalli ba.

• Lokacin zabar itace, tabbatar ka bincika ko an bi dashi da maganin ƙwari.
• Lokacin gina ginin, yi amfani da ƙare na musamman don katako tare da maganin rigakafi. Za su hana mamayewa na ƙwaro.
• Idan kuna da kwaro, tabbatar da aiwatar da kula da sinadaran gaggawa. Wannan shine bromomethyl, zinc chloride, mercuric chloride. Haka kuma, ya kamata a aiwatar da irin wannan aiki sau 2-3 a shekara. Larvae nada tabbatuwa; rigakafin ya zama tilas. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa dole ne a aiwatar da tsarin a ƙarƙashin kulawa da ayyukan da suka dace. Zai fi kyau a kira kwararru daga tashar tsabta da tashoshin cutar don wannan dalilin.

Hakanan kwararru suna buƙatar tuntuɓar ku idan kun yanke shawarar aiwatar da fumigation daga kwari, magani mai gas mai guba ko shigarwa na abubuwan guba. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna buƙatar tsarin kula da ƙwararrun hankali.

Kuna iya gudanar da magani tare da busasshen tururi ko, kuma, ana iya magana, daskarewa. Wadannan hanyoyin kawai suna da wahalar aiwatarwa a gida. Kuma basu da lafiya. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dasu a cikin samarwa, kuma kawai a cikin tsayayyun wuraren da aka tsara.

Hanyar zamani don kawar da kwari a cikin gida shine iska mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta. Na'ura ta musamman tana girke itace ko da a wuya ya isa wurare, yana lalata larvae. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine aminci ga mutane da gine-gine. Yana faruwa cewa wasu sassan da abin ya shafa sun fi sauƙi a yanka kuma a maye gurbinsu da sabon, mara lalacewa da sarrafa su.