Kuma bari muji me zai faru idan ya yi ruwan sama a cikin hamada? Yaya wannan wuri mai ban mamaki zai yi kama?

Deserts na iya zama daban: yumbu, solonchak, dutse, yashi. Amma dukansu suna da ƙyallen abu guda - na yanayin bushe, kusan babu flora, da takamaiman fauna.

Akwai ka'idar cewa Ba za a iya yin ruwan sama a cikin hamada ba , amma ba haka ba ne, ana ruwa a can, amma da wuya, kuma idan ma za ta kasance to ruwan sama mai karfi ne.

Amma ruwan sama a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ƙafe, bai taba isa ga hamada ba, kuma ƙaramin kashi na danshi ya kai ƙasa da ƙasa a kan ƙasa.

Yawan hazo akwai ƙasa da ɗanɗuwa saboda yanayin zafi, shi yasa ake kiran ƙasa da hamada.

Don haka menene zai faru idan ruwan sama a cikin hamada yayi daidai da namu, kuma yawanci sukan tafi?

Wasu masana kimiyyar sun tabbatar da cewa ba zai zama jeji ba, amma ƙasa mai fure tare da ciyayi. A matsayin misali, mafi bushewa Tsarin Atacama na kasar Chile .

Bayan an yi ruwan sama na dogon lokaci, kawai ya yi fure. An yi ruwan sama tsawon awanni 12, amma wannan ya isa ya rayar da tsire-tsire masu barci.

Ba za mu iya tunanin yanayin zai iya tashi irin wannan ba filayen fure mai haske ! Amma idan a cikin bazara a Kudancin akwai ruwan sama, to furanni masu bacci a cikin hamada har sai Nuwamba ta farfado, kuma ta mamaye filayen tare da kyawawan filayen filayen.

Masana kimiyya sun yi jayayya cewa idan a cikin hamada don tsara ban ruwa na ƙasa, to waɗannan ƙasashe zasu juya zuwa filayen furanni na marmari.

Amma yana da daraja? Bayan duk, yanayin mahaifiya da kanta ta ba mu hamada, kuma hakan yana nufin yana buƙatar wani abu.

Ina bushewar ruwa yake fitowa

An sani cewa ruwan sama yana sauka daga gizagizai waɗanda suke haifar da yanayi a cikin sararin sama kuma waɗanda suke sakamakon zubar ruwa daga saman ƙasa. Babban girgije, a matsayinka na mai mulki, yana nuni da kusancin hazo zuwa ga ƙasa, wanda zai iya faɗuwa ga ƙasa a cikin yanayin hoarfrost, dew, ƙanƙara, ruwan sama, ko kuma keɓaɓɓen sabon abu - ruwan sama mai bushe.

Ruwan sama mai bushewa al'ada ce ga yankuna masu bushewa a duniya, da yawan zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafi. Don haka, galibi ana ganin wannan abin mamaki a cikin hamada, kamar Sahara, Namib, Kalahari, Gobi da sauransu.

Ruwan sama mai bushewa yayi daidai da ruwan sama na yau da kullun ko wani ruwan sama. Daga mafi ƙarancin ruwan danshi waɗanda ke cikin girgije kuma su taru wuri ɗaya, su samar da manyan plean ƙasa, shawo kan ƙarfin iskar da ke tashi zuwa cikin sama da yin tururuwa zuwa doron ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin nauyi.

A saman wuraren bushewa, inda yalwa da yawa ke yadudduka, ƙananan ƙwayar turɓaya sun bayyana a cikin iska, wanda ke hanzarta ɗaukar ciki. A cikin jeji, yanayin zafi yana da girma sosai, amma yanayin zafi yana da ƙasa sosai, saboda haka sakamakon ruwan sama kawai ya ƙafe a cikin iska ba tare da taɓa saman Duniya ba.

Da zarar an ga kyawawan abubuwan samaniya a lokacin bushewar rana, da jin kunci da farin ciki, yayin da kuke duban wannan sabon abu, zaku iya fada cikin ƙauna tare da hamada har abada!

Babu begen ruwan sama

Idan ruwan sama a cikin hamada mai wuya ne, to hazo yana da wahalar faɗi. Don haka, yakamata a yi la’akari da bayanai game da ruwan sama a yankuna masu tsananin kyau tare da kulawa sosai.

Don haka, a cikin hamadar Gobabeb, tsakiyar Namibia, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara shine mm 17, amma a wasu shekaru wannan adadi ya kai mil mm 150. Irin wannan ɓarna mai ƙarfi daga matsakaiciyar haɓakar da aka samu a sakamakon kallo na dogon lokaci ana iya bayanin shi ta hanyar El Nino. Yanayin yanayi yana kawo ruwan sama sosai a gabar yamma da Kudancin Amurka.
Don haka, a cikin Lima (Peru) a cikin 1925, tare da matsakaicin darajar 49 mm, fiye da 1,500 mm hazo ya faɗi.

A Kudancin Sahara, iyakar hasashe ta wuce, wanda mil 200 mm zai faɗi a shekara. Amma a cikin shekarun bushewar 1980-1984, wannan halin ya koma kilomita 240 zuwa kudu, kuma bayan 1985 ya sake komawa arewacin. A wannan yankin, canzuwar wuri ba ta lokaci ba.

Wani lokaci ruwan sama a cikin hamada na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana da ƙarfi. Yawancin lokaci suna tare da hadari saboda tsananin zafi a saman duniya. A cikin 'yan kwanaki, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na iya faduwa. Sau ɗaya cikin hamada Thar (West Indies) a cikin kwanaki biyu, digiri na 864 ya faɗi tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara na 127 mm. A Namib, wanda ke gabar tekun Atlantika a kudu maso yammacin Afirka, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin shekara-shekara na mm 17 a tsawon lokacin wani guguwa ɗaya, ruwan sama na mm 50 mm ya zama ruwan sama mai tsawo.

Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, raɓa da kuma hazo

Ruwan sama a cikin hamada yakan sauka ne akai-akai, da tsauraran matakai kuma ana rarraba su ba dai-dai ba. A cikin Sahara, alal misali, inda aka yi ruwan sama, filayen kore suka bayyana. Canzo kuma na iya faruwa ta yanayin hazo ko raɓa.

Desertasan da take bushewa a duniyar Atacama (Chile) da ruwan sha na gida ana samun su daga hazo mai yawa. A cikin wurare masu zafi da ke nesa da bakin tekun, hazo na iya faruwa a cikin yanayin dew. Misali, a cikin Sahara na Misira, yawan irin wannan danshi a shekara shine 25-35 mm na hazo. A cikin yankuna maras ƙarfi na yanayin zafi mai danshi tare da lokacin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo. Don haɓaka tsirrai, rarraba ruwan sama akan lokaci lamari ne mai yanke hukunci, kuma ruwa a cikin yanayi shine babban abu na dukkanin rayayyun halittu.

Idan tayi ruwa a cikin hamada

Wataƙila rainasan bazara zata faɗi a wasu lokutan shekara:

• A cikin Sonora na Arewacin Amurka (iyakar Amurka da Mexico) da Karamar Afirka ta Kudu, ana samun kankanin lokacin ruwan sama guda biyu a kowace shekara.
• A arewacin Sahara, a Mojave (Arewacin Amurka, kudu maso yammacin Amurka) da kuma cikin hamada na Asiya, ana ruwan sama kawai a lokacin sanyi.
• Kuma a Kudancin Sahara da kuma cikin Namib, akasin haka, ana ruwan sama kawai a lokacin rani.

Ban ruwa na Hamada

Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa galibin hamada za a iya juya zuwa lambuna na yin fure ta amfani da ban ruwa.

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Koyaya, ana buƙatar kulawa sosai a nan lokacin zayyana tsarin ban ruwa a cikin yankuna mahimmi, saboda akwai babban haɗari na babban asarar danshi daga rijiyoyin da filayen ban ruwa. Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga cikin ƙasa, haɓaka matakin ruwan ƙasa yana faruwa, kuma wannan a yanayin zafi da tsawan yanayi yana ba da gudummawa ga hauhawar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa saman ƙasa na gaba da furtherarin fitar da ruwa. Gishirin da aka narkar da su a cikin wadannan ruwaye suna tarawa a cikin shimfidar saman da kuma bayar da tasu gudummawa ga gumin sa.

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Ga mazaunan duniyarmu, matsalar jujin wuraren zama zuwa wuraren da zai dace da rayuwar ɗan adam ya kasance koyaushe yana da dacewa. Wannan batun zai dace kuma saboda a cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata, ba kawai yawan mutanen duniya ya ƙaru ba, har ma da yawan wuraren da hamada take. Kokarin yin ba da ruwa ga yankuna masu bushewa har zuwa wannan lokacin bai haifar da sakamako na zahiri ba.

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Wannan tambaya ta daɗewa daga masana masana kamfanin Swiss Meteo Systems. A shekara ta 2010, masana kimiyya a Switzerland sun yi nazari a hankali kan duk kurakuran da suka gabata kuma suka kirkiro wani tsari mai karfi wanda yake haifar da ruwan sama.
Kusa da garin Al Ain, wanda ke cikin hamada, masana sun sanya ionizer 20, masu kama da sifan da gilashi. A lokacin rani, waɗannan ginannun kayan aikin an ƙaddamar da su ta hanyar tsari. Kashi 70 cikin dari na gwaje-gwajen guda ɗari sun ƙare cikin nasara. Wannan kyakkyawan sakamako ne don sasantawa wanda ruwa bai lalata shi ba. Yanzu, mazauna Al Ain ba za su sake tunanin yin ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu ci gaba ba. Fresh ruwa da aka samu ta hanyar tsawa za'a iya tsaftace shi a hankali sannan a yi amfani dashi don bukatun gida. Kuma yana kashe kuɗi da yawa fiye da desalination na ruwan gishiri.

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Ta yaya waɗannan na'urori suke aiki?

Ions cajin wutar lantarki, ana samar dasu da yawa ta hanyar wadatattun abubuwa, ana haɗa su da ƙura mai ƙura. Akwai abubuwa da yawa na ƙura a cikin hamada. Iska mai zafi, mai zafi daga sands mai zafi, yana shiga cikin sararin samaniya kuma yana isar da ƙura mai ioni a cikin yanayin. Wadannan dimbin turbaya suna jawo hankulan ruwa, suna ciyar da kansu da su. Kuma sakamakon wannan tsari, girgije mai ƙura ya zama ruwan sama kuma ya sake dawowa duniya cikin yanayin ruwan sama da tsawa.

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Tabbas, wannan shigarwa bazai yuwu ayi amfani da shi ba a cikin kowane hamada; gumi don yin aiki mai mahimmanci yakamata ya zama aƙalla 30%. Amma wannan shigarwa na iya magance matsalar karancin ruwa a yankuna marassa tushe.