Marigayi Merganser | |||||||||||
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Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Jariri |
Superfamily: | Anatoidea |
Subfamily: | Real ducks |
Jinsi: | Matattarar Mergansers (Wasikunku Reichenbach, 1853) |
Duba: | Marigayi Merganser |
- Mergus cucullatus
Marigayi Merganser (lat. Lophodytes cucullatus) - tsuntsu na iyalin duck.
Bayanin
Plan mata da launin shuɗi tare da ɗan gajeren launi mai launin shuɗi. Boarfin ruwan sama ja-kasa-kasa, baki mai launin shuɗi. Matan sun yi awo kusan 550 g, maza sun kai matsakaicin nauyin 650 g.
A cikin kayan adon mace, namiji yana da kyawawan gashin fuka-fukan farin da baki a kansa. Umaya daga cikin akwatin shine babban launi baki da fari, yayin da ɓangarorin jiki ke da launin ruwan hoda-ruwan shuɗi. Lissafi mai launin shuɗi-gindi ne a gindi, rawaya farashi. A suturar hunturu, maza sun yi kama da mace, suna bambanta da su a cikin launi da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya da kuma farin fari a ƙirjinsu. Maza sun fara molt a watan Yuni kuma tuni sun fara a watan Oktoba sun sake komawa tsarin kayansu.
Yaɗa
Crested Merganser ya zama ruwan dare a cikin gandunan daji na Arewacin Amurka, a cikin yankin da ake kira borro. Tana zaune akan tabkuna da kewayen dazuzzukan daji, da wuraren kiwo a cikin daji, da kuma kan iyakar koguna. Yawan jama'a a cikin waɗannan yankuna ƙanana ne, saboda gaskiyar cewa yana amfani da magudanar bishiyoyi don nishi kuma yana gasa musu tare da wasu nau'in, kamar Caroline duck, gogol gama gari, ƙaramar gogol, ƙaramar gogol da babban merganser. A cikin wuraren farauta, ana iya lura da shi daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba.
Matattarar Merganser tana sanya hibernates a cikin kewayen teku da manyan wuraren biya a gabar tekun Atlantika da Pacific na Arewacin Amurka. Ana iya lura da shi daga Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Fabrairu. Crested Merganser shima mallakar tsuntsayen masu wucewa ne, wadanda ke rufe kankantar tazara yayin jirgin. Sun tsaya yayin tashinsu akasari akan koguna.
Kiwo
Tsanantawa mace ta fara ne a watan Fabrairu, jim kadan kafin tsuntsayen su fara tashi zuwa wuraren da ake talla. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi tuni a cikin wuraren hunturu.
Ana amfani da Crested Merganser a matsayin gida na magudanun bishiyun, ana yinsa a tsayin 8 m sama da ƙasa. A cikin yanki mafi girma na rarraba, ducks sun fara farawa tun daga ƙarshen watan Afrilu. A cikin yanki na rarraba yanki, wannan yana faruwa a watan Yuni. A cikin kama daga 6 zuwa 12 zagaye, farin farin qwai. Yin kiyayya yana da kimanin kwanaki 30.
Mace na kula da kajin, wanda ke kiyaye su a cikin ruwa sosai a gefen iyakar ciyawar. Bikin cin kajin yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da tabo mai haske akan makogwaro. Tsuntsayen yara suna kama da mace, kuma crest dinta ya fi guntu. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye sukan zama masu fiɗa bayan kusan kwanaki 70. Tsuntsaye sun isa ga balaga da misalin shekara 2. Daga shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, maza suna da cikakkiyar kayan matsi.
Bayanin
Hood merganser shine jima'i dimorphism na jinsin. Mace ta girma tana da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi tare da madaidaicin farin bandeji a kirji da ciki. Yana da fitila mai launin shuɗi mai haske wacce yake buɗewa daga bayan kai. A lokacin haila bai dace ba, namiji yana kama da mace, sai dai cewa idanun sa ja da idanuwan mata masu launin ruwan kasa.
A cikin rigakafin canjin yanki na dorsal da kai, wuya da kirji na mazan da suka manyanta, yawanci baki ne tare da farin alamomi .. Akwai manyan fararen fata a ko wanne gefen crest, kuma ana iya ganinsu sosai idan ya tayar da hankallansa yayin yin shuni. Lowerungiyoyinsa na ƙasa suna da wadataccen launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka a launi, kirji da ƙanƙansu sun fi ko ƙasa fari, suna wucewa zuwa fararen fararen fata a cikin al'adu da kirji.
Dukkanin mazajen suna da fararen fararen shimfidar gashin gashin tsuntsaye, idan tsuntsu ya huta to suna da bayyanar fararen fararen madaidaiciya a kasan dabbar, idan an gani.
Da fari dai, tsuntsayen hunturu sun bambanta da mace ta girma a cikin bayyanar ta cewa suna da wuyan launin toka-baki da sashi na sama, ɓangarorin da ke cikin mata manya sun fi duhu - kusan baki. Bugu da kari, kananan tsuntsayen suna da farin fikalatsu a jikin gashin fitsarinsu sama da manya. Mata masu shekaru daban-daban masu launin fata-fata, yayin da a cikin maza ma idanunsu ke zama mara nauyi yayin hunturu na farko.
Rarraba da wurin zama
Baƙi suna yin yawo mai nisa tare da hood, kuma suna cikin hunturu a Amurka a cikin yankuna inda yanayin hunturu ke ba da damar yanayin kankara a kan tafkuna, tafkuna da koguna. Suna da manyan layuka shekara biyu. Isayan yana cikin gabashin Amurka daga Kudancin Kanada da iyakar Amurka da tekun Atlantika har zuwa Tekun Mexico na yankin Delta na Mississippi. Smalleraramin kewayon shekara yana gudana daga jihar Washington da kudanci Columbia zuwa arewacin Idaho.
Kari akan haka, sun yi saurin zuwa wasu yankuna daga Missouri zuwa Kudancin Kanada da kuma daga Nova Scotia zuwa gabashin North Dakota da Saskatchewan, suna ƙaura kamar yadda ya cancanta don guje wa yanayin hunturu.
Don fi son hular, merganser yana zaune a cikin ƙananan jikin ruwa, kamar tafkuna da ƙananan yankuna, inda akwai wadataccen ciyayi na ruwa, amma kuma yana zaune manyan fadama, wuraren ajiye ruwa, gandun daji da kogi. Sun fi son ruwa mai tsafta, amma yana faruwa a jikin gishirin ma.
Vagrancy zuwa Turai
Kodayake ma'adinan da aka saka suna kama mutane ne da aka kama a Turai kuma galibin namun dajin da aka ambata ana ɗaukar su harbe ne, ƙaramin adadin tsuntsayen an ɗauke su da tarkace na daji da gaske. Matsayin Burtaniya a halin yanzu shi ne na farko da aka fara karɓar tsuntsayen da aka gani akan Arewa Whist a watan Oktoba 2000. Ana lura da ƙaramin adadin a kai a kai a Dublin, amma yakamata su sauka.
Abincin
Haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiyar ma'abaci ruwa ne wanda yake cin abinci a kan gani yayin ruwa. Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa abincinsa ya bambanta da yanayin, yawanci kifin ne (44-81%). Bugu da kari, tana ciyar da kwari na ruwa (13-20% na abincinta) da sauran dabbobin ruwa na ruwa, kamar kifayen da crayfish (22-50%).
Haifuwa
Namiji da mace a cikin kaho suna kafa haduwa ne na ma'aurata, kuma za su kasance tare har lokacin da mace ta zabi mace mai walwala da kuma kammala aikinta. Bayan haka, namiji ya bar mace don sanyawa da kuma kula da brood. Mace za su yi ƙoƙarin neman voids a cikin matattun bishiyoyi ko kwalaye na wucin gadi, kamar waɗanda aka tsara don dabbobin bishiyoyi. Sun fi son ɓarnar ƙafa 4-15 ƙafa daga ƙasa. Sake bugun yana faruwa kowane lokaci daga ƙarshen Fabrairu zuwa ƙarshen watan Yuni, gwargwadon yankin.
Mace zata sanya abin ƙwai na 7-15, amma sai kawai ta fara yin ɗamarar lokacin da aka ɗora ƙwai na ƙarshe, ta hanyar samar da ƙyanƙyashe lokaci guda. Duk kajin suna da girman daidai, wanda ke sauƙaƙe ingantaccen kulawar iyaye. A lokacin yin ciki, mace na iya rasa wani wuri tsakanin 8% zuwa 16% na nauyin jikinta.
Kamar yawancin waterfowl, kawancen da aka hada da merganser sune broods kuma yawanci suna barin gida a cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan sun fara kyankyasar, yana da kusan isa don ɗauka tare da juna. Bayan sun bar gida, matasa za su iya nutse har su yi taro, amma su kasance tare da mace don ɗumi da kariya.
Gudanarwa da kiyayewa
Abubuwan da mutane ke raguwa a baya suna da alaƙa da lalacewa mai ɗabi'a. Tunda wadannan waterfowl sune guraben farauta, suna buƙatar bishiyoyin da suka dace wanda za'a iya samun wuraren girke-girke masu dacewa. An ba da shawarar cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sarrafa sarrafa katako kanta ya sami nasarar bunkasa mazaunin da ake samu. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke ba da fifiko a cikin hanyar sarrafa gandun dazuzzuka don ƙawancen duck shine don kula da wadataccen ɗumbin bishiyoyin da suka dace a cikin wuraren da suka dace. Kari akan haka, wadannan duwatsun suna amfani da akwatunan farantin dabbobi, idan daya.
Saboda dogaron dogaro da kansu ga ganimar ruwa, hoods suna ta yin tururuwa sosai suna iya yin illa daga nau'ikan gurbataccen iska, wanda wasu abubuwa masu guba ne da ke tara kwayoyin halittar abinci, suna gurɓatar da magabatansu kai tsaye a sarkar abinci, kuma wasunsu ma suna rage yawan abincinsu. .
Alamomin waje na haɗin gwiwa.
Hood merganser yana da girman jikinsa kusan 50 cm, fuka-fukan: daga 56 zuwa 70 cm .. Weight: 453 - 879 g. Hood merganser shine mafi ƙarancin wakilcin merganser a Arewacin Amurka, shine girman girman duke Caroline. Plarnawar namiji shine haɗuwa mai ban mamaki na baki, fari da launin ruwan kasa-ja. Shugaban, wuya da fuka-fukan jikin mutum baki ne, sacrum yana da launin toka. Wutsiyar launin shuɗi ce mai launin shuɗi. Kunci, kirji da ciki fararen fata ne.
Marigayi Merganser, ko kuma Hood Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
Yankuna biyu tare da gefuna mara ƙarancin launin alama ga ɓangarorin kirji. Yankunan suna launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa - ja. A cikin namiji, abin da ya fi shahara shi ne rudewar ƙusa, wanda idan aka buɗe shi, yana nuna haɗuwa ta farin tare da murfin baƙi.
Lokacin da namiji ya huta, to duk kyawun ya ragu zuwa farar fata mai sauƙi da fadi a bangon ido. Mata da kananan tsuntsaye kusan iri ɗaya ne. Bã su da duhu tabarau na plumage: launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko baki-kasa-kasa. A wuya, kirji da tarnaƙi suna launin toka, shugaban ya yi duhu sosai. Crest's na mace yana launin ruwan kasa mai launi tare da alaƙar kirfa, wani lokacin kuma tare da farin tukwici. Duk matasa ducks suna da irin wannan gashin tsuntsu “tsefe”, amma karami. Samari maza ba lallai ba ne su yi crest.
Hood Merganser a cikin Flight
Habitat na Hood Merganser.
Hogan mergansers sun fi son mazaunin gida kamar Caloply ducks. Sun zabi tafkuna tare da natsuwa, mara ruwa mai tsabta, mara tushe, yashi ko ƙanƙara.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, hoda mergansers suna zaune a cikin wuraren ajiya waɗanda ke kusa da dazuzzuka masu rarrafe: koguna, ƙananan tafkuna, gandun daji, madatsun ruwa kusa da injin, manyan dutsen ko manyan dabbobin da aka kafa daga madatsun ruwa.
Koyaya, ba kamar carolins ba, hood mergansers yana da wuya a sami abinci a wuraren da rafuffuka masu lalacewa ke gudana suna neman ruwa mai natsuwa tare da jinkirin sauka. Hakanan ana samun ducks a manyan tafkunan yankin.
Hood Merganser Halayyar.
Hood merganser yayi ƙaura a ƙarshen kaka. Suna tafiya su kadai, a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko a cikin karamin garke akan gajeren nesa. Yawancin mutane da ke zaune a arewacin yankin sun tashi zuwa kudu, zuwa gaɓar tekun na Afirka, inda suke ci gaba da zama a jikin ruwan. Dukkanin tsuntsayen da ke zaune yankuna masu zafin rai suna kwance ƙasa. Hog mergansers tashi da sauri kuma low.
Yayin ciyarwa, ana nutsar dasu cikin ruwa kuma suna neman abinci a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Paoƙansu suna turawa zuwa bayan jiki, kamar yawancin ducks, kamar mallards. Wannan fasalin yana sanya su daskararru a kan ƙasa, amma a cikin ruwa ba su da masu fafutuka a cikin fasahar yin ruwa da iyo. Hatta idanu suna daidaitawa don hangen nesa karkashin ruwa.
Abinci na hood merganser.
Hog mergansers suna da bambancin abincin da ya fi yawancin sauran lalatattun abubuwa. Suna ciyar da ƙananan kifaye, tadpoles, frogs, da kuma invertebrates: kwari, ƙananan crustaceans, katantanwa da sauran mollusks. Ducks kuma suna cinye ƙwayoyin tsirrai masu ruwa.
Hood Merganser yayin neman abinci