Opossums suna cikin abubuwan lalata dabbobi masu shayarwa

An riga an tabbatar da cewa yawancin marsupials a Kudancin Amurka sun mutu bayan bullowar wata gada ta halitta tsakanin nahiyoyin. Opossums sun sami damar rayuwa ba kawai cikin yanayi na karuwar gasa ba saboda yawan canzawa jinsuna daga arewa, amma kuma suna fadada kewayon su. Yanzu waɗannan dabbobin suna ƙarƙashin binciken masana kimiyya waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin fahimtar wane nau'in sifofin tsarin halitta ne ya basu damar cimma irin wannan sakamako mai ban mamaki.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Iyalin gidan opossum aji ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda ke zaune a akasarin nahiyar Amurka (duka Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka). Wannan shi ne ɗayan tsofaffin mazaunan duniya, waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa wannan lokacin na Cretaceous. Abin lura ne cewa tunda waccan dabbobi ta can nesa a kamanninsu bata canza ko kaɗan ba, don yin magana, adana su a cikin asalin su.

Dangane da Amurka kuwa, masanan kimiyya sun gano cewa da farko mallaki mallakin Kudancin Amurka ne kawai. Daga baya, lokacin da abin da ake kira gada tsakanin Amurkawa biyu ya tashi, yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi daga Arewacin Amurka suka fara ƙaura zuwa Kudancin, wanda ya haifar da babbar asarar marsupials a Kudancin Amurka. Tabbas, ba kowane nau'in mallaka ya rayu ba, amma labari mai dadi shine cewa aƙalla wasu sun tsira zuwa lokutanmu kuma sun sami damar daidaitawa zuwa sabbin yanayin rayuwa.

Bidiyo: Opossum

Baya ga gaskiyar cewa waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin sun sami nasarar rayuwa da kuma dacewa da canje-canje, sun kuma bazu ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amurka kusan zuwa Kanada. Lokacin da kake nazarin asalin waɗannan dabbobin, lallai ne ya kamata ka kula da bayanan rami, wanda ke sanar da mu cewa da zarar lokaci guda, a zamanin da, mallaki ma suka kasance tare da Turai.

Idan ba ku shiga cikin tarihin tsohuwar tarihi ba, amma a cikin wanda ya isa ga mutum, to, ɗayan farkon ambaton mallakin an yi shi ne a cikin littafin tarihin ƙasa, firist kuma ɗan tarihi Pedro Ciez de Leon a cikin 1553, ana kiran wannan aikin The Chronicle of Peru. A ciki, Bafillatani ya bayyana ɗan ƙaramin dabbar da har yanzu ba a san shi ba, wanda yayi kama da dabbar, yana da dogon wutsiya, ƙaramin paws da launin shuɗi.

Mafi kusancin dangi na mallakar Amurka sune mallaki mai siffar bera. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, akwai ire-iren mallakar da yawa, suna da banbanci a fuska kuma suna zaune yankuna daban-daban.

Bari mu bayyana wasu daga cikinsu:

• Dukiyar da take da shi tana da yawa babba, nauyinta zai iya kaiwa har kilogiram 6. Dabba tana daukar abin sha'awa zuwa gandun daji dake gefen rafin wurare daban-daban, idodi akan hatsi, gwanaye, ci kwari da namomin kaza,
• Opossum Virgin shima babba ne (har zuwa kilogiram 6), yana son gandun daji tare da zafi mai zurfi, amma yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan. Tana cin kananan dabbobi, tsuntsaye, qwai tsuntsu, zomo,
• Abun da ke tattare da ruwa, ya kasance, ta ruwa, yana cin kifin, kifin khalifa, cin abincinsa daidai. Wani lokacin jin daɗin 'ya'yan itace. Ba shi da girma kamar sauran nau'ikan danginsa,
• Mouse ba shi da matukar illa. Tsawonsa kusan 15 cm ne. Yana yin daukacin gandun daji (har zuwa tsawon kilomita 2.5). Yana cin kwari, ƙwai tsuntsu da kowane irin 'ya'yan itace,
• Thewararren launin toka yana da tauri, nauyinta ya wuce grai ɗari kuma tsawonsa yakai 12 zuwa 16. Yana zaɓar wani yanki mai faffadar cike da ɗan ciyawa, kuma yana son adon mazaunin ɗan adam,
• Abun kayan Patagonian cikakke kankane ne, wanda kawai nauyinsa 50 kawai. Babban abincin da yake ci shine kwari.

Tabbas, ban da waɗanda aka lissafa, akwai wasu nau'ikan mallaka.

Ciyar da abinci

Abubuwan da aka Haramta:

• tsuntsu,
• cuku,
• raisins,
• inabi
• letas
• babban adadin kwayoyi.

Kimanin daidaitaccen abinci:

• 'Ya'yan itace shine mafi mahimmancin samfurin a cikin abincin Posum. Yakamata su zama kashi 70 cikin dari.
• Abincin furotin yakamata ya samar da kashi 30 cikin 100 na hidimar.
• Abinci yakamata ya sami phosphorus da ƙari kuma mafi yawan alli.
• Don bayar da ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan, kawai azaman magani.
• Kuna iya ba da abinci na abinci (ba a dafa kaza ko turkey).
• Ba za ku iya yin ba tare da abinci mai rai ba (ciyayi ko zoobus).
• Sau ɗaya a mako, ya kamata a ba da zuma wanda ke da sakamako mai kyau ga narkewa.

Tabbas, wadatar da abubuwan sukari bashi da sauki. Koyaya, waɗanda ba sa tsoron matsaloli za su iya samun amintattun masu ƙarancin iska kuma za su ba da kusan shekaru goma na sadarwa mai ƙin fahimta.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Dabbobin Opossum

Mun gano cewa a cikin yanayi akwai nau'ikan mallakar mallaka daban-daban, saboda haka, muna yin la'akari da alamun halayyar waje da sifofin wannan dabbar ta amfani da misalin mallakin talakawa. Girman wannan dabbar yana da ƙarami, tsawon sa ya kai kusan 60 cm, mace tayi santimita 10. Gabaɗaya, opossum yayi kama da girman cat na talakawa. Da wulakantar da aka nuna da elongated.

Wutsiyar dabbar tana da iko tsirara, ba'a lulluɓe da gashi, a gindi yana da kauri sosai. Tare da shi, mallaka yana rataye a kan rassan lokacin da yake barci ko motsawa a kambi na bishiyoyi. Mayafin mai ba shi da tsawo, amma ya cika da yawa.

Launin dabbobi sun bambanta dangane da nau'ikan mazauninsu, saboda haka mallakar mallaka na iya zama:

• Dark launin toka
• Brownish launin toka
• Kawa
• Haske mai launin toka
• Baki
• M.

Idan muka yi magana game da mallakar gamaya, to, furjinta yana da launin toka tare da fararen fata, kuma shugaban sa ya fi sauƙi, wanda baƙar fata, kamar beads, idanu da kunnuwa masu zagaye. Hannun dabbobin suna da yatsa biyar, kowane yatsa yana da kambori mai kaifi. Jaws dabbar tana nuni da amincinsa. Wanda ke da hakora 50, 4 daga cikinsu farkoki ne, tsarinsu da matsayinsu yayi kama da tsarin haƙƙin tsoffin dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Siffar halayyar dabba shine kasancewar jaka wacce take ɗauke da sa ,an, saboda an haife su ne a cikin haihuwa, kuma a ciki suke girma da ƙarfi. Jaka itace mayafin fata wadda ke buɗe wa wutsiya. Abin sha'awa shine, wasu nau'ikan abubuwan mallaka suna hana jaka, i.e. marasa kwari, kuma andasan sun rataye a kan mahaifiyarsu har sai sun sami 'yanci.

Rayuwa

Possum dabba cefi son mazauna Kudancin Saboda haka, akwai 'yan karsunan nau'in marsupials a Arewacin Amurka. Hawan zuwa zurfin ƙasa, dabbobi suna daskarewa wutsiyoyi da kunnuwa a cikin matsanancin sanyi.

Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan mallakar gaske wanda a saman wutsiya kawai ba a ciki. Mafi yawan farfajiya an rufe shi da Jawo. Dace da shi don tuna da lokacin farin ciki mallakar. Gaskiya ne, yana zaune a Kudu, ba Arewacin Amurka ba.

Alamar rayuwar Opossum sun hada da:

• Kadaitaccen rayuwa
• zaune a cikin gandun daji, steppes da Semi-steppes
• A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana kula da rayuwar itacen (daya bisa uku shine ƙasa) kuma mallakar ruwa kawai yake da rabin ruwa-ruwa)
• aiki a yamma da dare
• kasancewar kamanceceniya da rashin walda (tare da ɗan wani lokaci na farkawa a kan kyakkyawan ranaku) idan dabbar tana zama a yankin arewacin

Game da mallakokiba za ku iya faɗi cewa suna da wayo ba. A cikin hankali, dabbobi sun yi ƙasa da karnuka, kuliyoyi, beraye. Koyaya, wannan baya hanawa tare da kiyaye yawancin mallaka a gida. Sizesanan dabbobi masu girma dabam, korafe-korafe, wasa suna jan hankalin su.

Fim ɗin "Ice Age" ya ba da gudummawarsa ga shahararrun dabbobi. Kasadar ba ɗaya daga cikin jarumawanta ba ce, amma mafi son jama'a ne.

A ina yake da mallaka?

Hoto: Babban Opossum

A yau, abubuwan mallaka suna riƙe dawwamammen madawwamin zama a cikin Sabon Duniyar, kodayake sun kasance suna yaduwa ko'ina cikin Turai, kamar yadda bincike ya tabbatar da cewa. Opossums sun zauna a yankuna na bothasashen biyu (Arewa da Kudu). Kwanan nan, masana kimiyyar ilimin dabbobi sun lura cewa mazauninsu yana motsawa gaba gaba arewa, ya isa kudu maso gabashin Kanada da Antarancin Antilles.

Possums suna fada cikin ƙauna tare da gandun daji, kwari, ƙasa mai hamada. Suna zaune, duka a cikin filayen kuma a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, ba tare da tafiya sama da 4 kilomita ba. Domin akwai nau'ikan mallaka iri-iri, suna ba da fifiko ga mazauna iri daban daban. Wasu nau'ikan suna buƙatar kusanci zuwa ruwa, suna jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa, suna shirya ramin cikin rami na bishiyoyi. Har yanzu, yawancin yan 'uwa mallakar suna zaune ne akan bishiyoyi ko a bayan kasa.

Wani abin lura mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa wasu nau'ikan sun zauna kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, kodayake mafi yawan ɓangaren manoma sun fi son guje wa mutum, wuce shi.

Habitat

Opossums suna zaune a ko'ina cikin Amurka. Ana samun su a kudancin Kanada, a Arewacin Amurka (Argentina) da Kudancin (Chile), a Mexico. Ilimin halittar da ba a bayyana ba, sassaucin abincin da dabarun haifuwa ya sa sun sami nasarar mallakar mulkin ya bar su da rai a cikin mawuyacin lokaci. Bai kamata a rikita shi da sauran lalatattun ruwa ba, kamar sukari mallaka (ko sukari mai saukar ungulu mai tashi sukari), wanda yake zama a Ostiraliya. Asalinsu ɗan asalin gabashin gabashin Amurka ne, mallakar ta bayyana a yamma a lokacin Babban Bala'in, mai yiwuwa shine asalin abinci. Yankin sa yana ci gaba da fadada arewa. Dabbobin suna zaune a cikin wuraren makiyaya, filin noma da gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka. Kuma ana gan shi a cikin birane, galibi yana kusa da ruwa, inda yake ciyar da datti.

Ban sha'awa! An bayyana wannan mallakar a farkon 1565 a wata wasika da aka buga wa Dr. Edward Tyson daga Mr. William Cooper, likita kuma memba na Royal Society a London.

Haraabilar Gaban dan Dabbobi Fiye da generaari 17 da iri 60 na wannan dabba an san su. Daga cikinsu: ruwa mai kaɗa, ruwa, kyautuka, mallakin mai kauri da sauran su. Opossums sune masu shayarwa masu shayarwa masu matsakaitaccen yanayi suna kai girman babban cat.

Me mallaka ya ci?

Hoto: Possum mai ban dariya

Zamu iya cewa mallakar mai duka iko ne. Yana cin abinci a jikin shuka da abincin dabbobi. Gabaɗaya, abubuwan da yake son ɗanɗano sun dogara ne da irin wurin zama. An lura cewa kadara suna cin abinci mai yawa, da alama sun kasa samun isasshen abinci, amma wannan ba haka bane. Dabbobi suna da hankali kuma suna cin abinci a wuri guda, suna tara abinci da mai idan akwai yunwar wahala. A cikin waɗannan dabbobin daji, cin naman mutane abu ne mai yawan faruwa.

Yawancin lokaci menu na mallaka ya ƙunshi:

• Duk nau'ikan berries
• 'Ya'yan itace
• Namomin kaza
• Kwari iri-iri,
• Lianan ƙananan lizards
• Rodananan sanduna
• Kifi, crustaceans, jatan lando (kusa da mallakar ruwa),
• Birdsananan tsuntsaye
• Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye
• Ciyawa
• Ganyayyaki
• Kunun masara
• Yawancin hatsi.

Idan kun zo da irin wannan sabon abu kamar dabbobi, zaku iya ciyar dashi da kayan marmari iri daban-daban, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kaji da kwai. Hakanan za'a iya ba Opossum abinci cat na yau da kullun, amma ba koyaushe ba kuma ba sau da yawa. Kuma abincinsa koyaushe yana da kyau kwarai da gaske.

Gasa a matsayin mai dabbobi

Ana iya kiyaye ajiyar kaya a gida kamar dabbobi. Amma masoya m ya kamata masanan basu ji dadin. Waɗannan dabbobi ba su da tsayayye kuma zai yi wahala a riƙa rikitar da su ga tsarin zamanin mutum. Ya kamata a ciyar da shi da abinci sabo: 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kaji, kwari, tsutsotsi. An haramta shi sosai a ba nama mai kitse, wannan na iya cutar da su. Idan kun fara mallakar abubuwa biyu, to kuna buƙatar ajiye su a cikin sel daban, in ba haka ba faɗa da rikici ba makawa. A kowane hali ya kamata ku azabtar da kadara, saboda suna iya cizo.

Cons a lokacin da rike mallaka a gida:

1. Babu wadataccen sukari daidaita da ayyukan yau da kullun na mai watsa shiri. Zai yi kamar yadda ya saba. A dare, marsupial floir squirrel ba zai yi bacci ba, amma zai tsallake kewayen gidan, ya yi sautuka daban-daban, a tayar da sanduna. Sabili da haka, don ɗakinsa, ya fi kyau a ɗauki wani ɗakin dabam, wanda ba shi da nisa daga ɗakin dakuna.
2. Opossums ba su da tsabta sosai kuma ba su san yadda ake amfani da bayan gida ba. Tunda a dabi'a suna tsalle daga itace zuwa itace kusan ba tare da faduwa zuwa kasa ba, suna yin iska a sama. Don haka a gida, za su sanya alamar farin ciki tare da kayan daki, fuskar bangon waya har ma da mai shi.
3. Ana amfani da opossums don alamar yankin su tare da gland na musamman. Wannan takamaiman kamshi ne. Kusan ba zai yiwu a wanke shi ba daga tufafi, saboda haka dole ne ku saba da shi.
4. A kowane hali ya kamata ka amince da mallakar mallakar yara. Wannan zai zama da amfani ga yara da dabba. Idan ka matse shi a hannunka, to, zai iya cizo da wahala. Mallakin sukari yana da sha'awar zagaya rundunar kamar bishiya, yana barin yatsunsa masu zurfi waɗanda basa warkewa sosai.

Amma, duk da duk rashin nasara a cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓacewar marsupial squirrels a gida, akwai fa'idodi masu yawa.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

A dabi'ance su, asalinsu suna da aure kuma suna samun ma'aurata kawai a lokacin da suke canjin yanayi, sun gwammace su jagoranci rayuwa mai zaman kansu, daban. Wadannan dabbobin suna yin rayuwa tagari, suna aiki yayin da duhu yayi duhu. Da rana, dabbobi suna kwanciya a cikin makabartar su ko kuma a rawanin bishiyoyi, suna rataye a reshe tare da taimakon wutsiyarsu mai ƙarfi mai kama da alfarwar. Barcin lafiya da dadi shi ne abin da aka fi so don mallaka, wanda za su iya ci gaba da yi na kusan awanni 19 a rana.

Gabaɗaya, dabbobin suna da kunya da kulawa a halayya, sun guji haɗuwa da mutum, kuma kama wani abu ba mai sauƙi ba ne. Ga kowane abu, su ne ainihin tikhoni, waɗanda ba sa kusan sauti. Dabba tayi kururuwa ba da wuya, kawai idan taji ciwo mai zafi. A wasu halaye, mallakar abubuwa ba su da dalilin yin tattaunawa mai zafi da babbar tattaunawa. Fushin dabbobi yana da kwanciyar hankali, kuma sau da yawa ba a lura da yanayin tashin hankali a bayansu.

Opossums sune ƙwararren katako masu ƙoshin itace, waɗanda suke shirye kullun don rataye a kan rassan bishiyoyi, galibi suna barci a ƙasa, suna manne da reshen tare da wutsiyarsu. Hakanan, tare da taimakon wutsiya iri guda da kafafun kafaɗa, suna tafiya da ƙarfi a cikin rawanin kore. Tabbas, akwai nau'ikan halittu da suke rayuwa gabaɗaya ne kawai a duniya, amma akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da rayuwar itace. A zahiri, ikon yin iyo shine iyawa don mallakar ruwa, wanda yake amfani da shi sosai, samun nasa abincin daga ruwa.

Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan rayuwar rayuwar mallaka shine salon rayuwarsu (yawo). A koyaushe suna motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri, ba da samun yankin da suke da nasa ba, kamar sauran dabbobi. Dabbobin da ke rayuwa a yankuna na arewacin suna nishadantarwa yayin tsananin sanyi. A lokacin sa, a mafi zafi da yawancin rana, mallakin yana farkawa don wartsake kansa, da kasancewa a farke na ɗan lokaci.

Daga cikin waɗanda suka sami irin wannan dabbobin don samun mallaka, akwai tsinkaye akan cewa waɗannan dabbobin ba su da babbar wayewa, amma suna da wasa da ɗimbin yanayi, tabbas ba za ku sami gundura da su ba!

Bayanan Gaske

Opossums dabbobi masu kunya. A kowane irin haɗari, suna gudu ko kuma suna kamar sun mutu, don haka ba su da sauƙi a kama. Amma masana kimiyya sun gano wata hanyar: sun juya cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da sha'awar barasa. Don kama mai, ya kamata ka sanya miya kawai tare da giya a kan hanyoyin dabbobi. Zasu sha shi da annashuwa kuma idan sun rasa ikon motsawa, ana iya tara su lafiya.

Daga dukkan alamu, a cewar masana kimiyya, waɗannan dabbobin suna da haɓaka mai daɗin ci. Wata hujja mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa kusan ba sa yin sauti, sai idan suna jin zafi.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kusan dukkan nau'ikan mallakar dabbobi sun ɓace kuma ba su da takamaiman yankin da suke farauta, kamar yadda yake ga sauran dabbobi.

Waɗannan dabbobi galibi ana amfani dasu azaman dabbobi, ko da yake a cikin ƙasar yana da m, saboda sun fi ƙarfin abun ciki. Baya ga wannan, ana amfani da jarin fur a matsayin kayan kayan sanya kaya da kayan haɗi. Gaskiya ne, ba ta bambanta a cikin inganci da ƙarfi kuma, sabili da haka, ba shahara ba ne.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: ssan sandar Possum

Magoya bayan Opossum suna amfani ne kawai na wani ɗan gajeren mating. A cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan, yana faruwa a lokuta daban-daban. Misali, mallakar Arewacin Amurka yana samun zuriya kusan sau uku a shekara, kuma ire-iren wadancan nau'ikan da suka gwammace yankuna masu bala'in duniya duk shekara ne.Dabbobin da basa rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi suna yin wani abu mai kama da mazaunin kurar tsuntsaye, kuma dabbobin ƙasa suna haifar da zuriya a cikin ƙwarin da wani da aka yi watsi dashi, rakuman ɓoye da tsakanin manyan bishiyoyi.

Ya kamata a sani cewa kadara abubuwa masu mahimmanci ne. A zuriyar dabbobi na iya samun jarirai har 25, amma wannan ba kasafai ake ganinsa ba. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar cuban 8 zuwa 15. Kodayake yana faruwa cewa yawancin ɗimbin 'ya' yan an haife su nan da nan, amma mafi kyawun ƙarfi da ƙarfin rayuwa shine, saboda mahaifiyar tana da nono 12 ko 13 ne kawai. Tsawon lokacin haihuwar mace ba shi da tsawo kuma kusan kwanaki 25 ne, a cikin kananan halittu gabaɗaya sun kai kusan 15. babiesan jariran sun fito kankanta ne da kuma wanda baiyi girma ba, yayi kama da tayin ciki, nauyinsu kawai 2 - 5 ne.

A cikin abubuwan gado, babiesan jarirai sun yi girma cikin jakar inda ke nan kan nono don samar wa jariran madara. A cikin dabbobin da ke gicciye, jariran suna rataye kai tsaye a kan kirjin uwa, suna manne a kan cinyoyinsu. Bayan kamar wata biyu, jariran sun zama kamar dabbobin da suka manyanta, an rufe su da gashi, samun fahimi da samun taro. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mahaifiya na dogon lokaci tana kula da 'ya'yanta tare da madarar nono, wannan lokacin yana ɗaukar watanni uku.

Rayuwa tana da wahala ga mama-mallaki, ana iya faɗi, a zahiri da kuma a zahiri, saboda yara sun girma tare da duk manyan danginsu suna hawa shi, suna manne da ulu a bkunansu. Ganin cewa mahaifiyar tana da girma, yana da wahala mutum ya ɗauki irin nauyin da yake ɗaukar nauyinta kowace rana. Bayan watanni uku na shayar da jarirai, jarirai sun fara cin abinci, kamar yadda manya ke yi. Kuma duka mata da maza suna yin balaga ta hanyar watanni shida na haihuwa. Opossums suna zaune a cikin yanayin halitta na kusan shekaru biyar, a cikin bauta, samfuran mutum sun tsira zuwa tara.

Yanayin tsarewa

A gida, jarin sukari yana buƙatar mafi yawan sarari. Dole ne a tuna cewa dabbobin suna da aiki sosai, kuma asalin su bishiyoyi ne.

• Zai fi kyau a adana su a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar wurare tare da tazara tsakanin igiyoyi kusan 1.3 cm. Dole sandunan ya kasance suna da polyvinyl chloride mai rufi. Dabbobin suna da hankali sosai, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da kulle abin dogara.
• Kamara ya kamata ya kasance yana da mai sha da masu ciyar da shi da yawa. Kafin ka rataye mai sha, ya kamata ka tabbata cewa dabbobin ka sun saba da shi. In ba haka ba, dabba na iya mutu kawai saboda ƙishirwa. Ya kamata masu ciyarwar su zama ƙarfe ko yumbu, ƙarami a girma.
• Ya kamata a gina na'urorin hawa a cikin keji. Zai iya zama rassan, bututu don rodents, ladders, igiyoyi.
• Mahimmanci don ganyen cikin sel kuma gidan rataye. Zai iya zama katako ko masana'anta. Hanyar zuwa gidan ya kamata ya kasance a diamita daga bakwai zuwa tara santimita. Idan kuna da dabbobi biyu, to da sannu za'a sami zuriya. A wannan yanayin, za a buƙaci saukar da gidan don kada yara su faɗi.
• Tun lokacin da ake kiran wuraren wasan alamar alama, tantanin halitta da abinda ke ciki Dole ne a wanke sau da yawa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku mai da hankali sosai tare da masu wanka. Kurkura komai lafiya.
• Ba za ku iya barin dabbobin su ba iri-iri a cikin gidan da wasu dabbobi ko tsuntsayen ganima suke zaune ba.
• Ya kamata a tuna cewa tukwane ba sa son zayyanawa, yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri ashirin da haske mai haske.

Magabatan makiya na mallaka

Hoto: Dabbobin dabbobi

Opossums suna da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin daji, saboda shi ƙaramin ne kuma dabbar dabba mai tsoro, saboda haka yawancin masu farautar ba su da haɗama a wurin cin abincin. Daga cikin magabatan wannan dukiya ana iya kiranta lynxes, dawakai, mujiyoyi da sauran manyan tsuntsayen ganima. Ga kananan dabbobi, dukkan nau'o'in macizai ma suna da haɗari. Baya ga masu farauta, dabbobi da yawa suna kamuwa da wannan cuta kamar karnuka, daskararru wanda yawanci budurwar opossum ce.

Yana da kyau mutum yayi magana daban game da hanyar musamman ta kariya daga hare-haren riga-kafi wanda opossums suke amfani da shi, shirya dukkan wasannin kwaikwayo. Lokacin da barazanar ke gabatowa, mallakin zai nuna kamar ya mutu matuka da gwanin hankali har da maharbin ya ma iya tunanin hakan kawai yake yi. Abun da ya mallaka ya faɗi, idanun sa sun zama mara nauyi, kumburi ana iya ganinsa daga bakinsa, ƙwararrun glandar fuska suna fitar da ƙanshin rashin kunya. Wannan hoton gaba daya yana tsoratar da masu hasara wadanda, saboda sun sha kunu a matattara, wadanda basu kyautar su kuma sun tafi. Lokacin da abokan gaba suka tafi, dabbar ta rayu kuma ta fara gudu, kodayake yan mintuna biyu sun riga sun mutu. Irin wannan yaudarar yaudara ta hanyar mallakar abubuwa koyaushe yana aiki da yardarsu, yana ciyar da dabbobi da yawa daga mutuwa.

Kariyar kai

Game da tsanantawa, ba a kariyar mallakar dukiyoyi. Opossums suna da wata hanyar da ta fi so a matsayin wata dabara, wacce ke ceton rayukan su. Babban sharadin shine a yi kamar dai sun mutu.

Ganin barazanar, dabba ya faɗi ƙasa, idanunsa sun zama gilashi, bakinsa yana buɗewa kaɗan kuma kumfa ya fara gudana daga bakinsa. A matsayin wasan kwaikwayon karshe, sun saki sirri tare da wari mara dadi daga gland na anal.

Maharbi, yana zagaya wannan 'kaya' kamar wata da'ira, ya gudu. Da zarar abokan gaba suka fita, jinginar ta tsalle ta gudu zuwa cikin daji.

Skunk: harin guba

Kowa da kowa ya san skunks da kuma hanyar asali ta kariya, makaman sunadarai suna da ƙarfin gaske. Ana yin ruwa mai kariya na skunk ta amfani da wasu glandan gland dake cikin dubura. Kodayake yawancin masu cinye dabbobi kuma suna da irin waɗannan glandar, musamman wakilan dangin Marten, gishirin skunk sun sami ci gaba, kuma suna da tsokoki masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba da izinin gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta har zuwa mita 3 daga nesa.

Skunks kuma sun fi so su fesa shi kai tsaye a gaban abokan gaba, kuma wannan ruwa mai guba ne da zai iya tozartar da talakawa daga ganinsa, gami da mutum, don haka ya fi kyau kar a taɓa dabbar shunks daga zunubi. Saboda ƙwarewar su ta musamman, skunks sun sanya kaɗan 'yan kalilan, mafi haɗari a gare su ita ce mujiya mai ƙwaƙwalwa, wacce ke ƙanshin wari kuma tana iya kai farmaki skunk ba zato ba tsammani daga sama. Talakawa ba shi da lokacin da zai kama kansa, saboda ya zama ya mutu.

Hanyar kariya tare da taimakon mai smelly ruwa ne mai ƙima sosai, tun da dabbar skunk tana da karancin wadatar wannan ruwa, glandar tana buƙatar kimanin kwanaki 10 don murmurewa.

Dangantaka da mutane

Noma shine dabba mai haɗari, duk da cewa saboda lalacewar daji da asarar mazauna, mallakar kadara ya zama ruwan dare a cikin birane da kewayen birni.

Ba a dade da san mallakar wannan abu ba a cikin Amurka, musamman a yankin kudanci, wanda suke da girke-girke iri iri da kuma labarin gargajiya da ke da alaƙa da mallakar.

A cikin Dominica da Trinidad, dabba ta shahara a yau, ana iya farauta ta a wasu lokatai na shekara. Hakanan zaka iya siyan irin wannan dabbar. Naman sa an soya ne ko kuma stewed. Haske ne, mai ƙoshin lafiya. Ana amfani dashi a cikin jita-jita maimakon zomo ko kaza.

Tarihi, mafarauta a cikin Caribbean suna sanya ganga na ruwa mai ɗaci ko 'ya'yan itace mara kyau don jawo hankalin dabbar da ke cin' ya'yan itace.

Ba kamar farauta ba ferrets ko Fatsun ArcticBa a kama waɗannan dabbobin ba saboda Jawo. A Mexico, ana amfani da wutsiyoyinsu azaman magani don inganta haihuwa. Ana amfani da kitsen mai-mai-ƙarfi azaman jiyya don maganin amosanin gabbai. Yaranmu sun san wannan dabbar mai ban dariya daga zane-zane. Crash da Eddie - mallakinsu daga Ice Age - sun zama abubuwanda suka fi so.

'Yan uwan ​​Hooligan cheeky suna samun kowa, amma a lokaci guda kula da' yar'uwar mai suna, sunada da kirki.

Ana ajiye tutocin a wuraren kiwon dabbobi, inda zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7. Yara musamman suna son kallon su da kuma ciyar.

Nawa kuma a wane zamani ne mafi kyawun ɗaukar jariri

Masana sun hada gaba daya suna bada shawarar zuwa gidan ƙaramin mallaka a cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu. Tunda tsarin kula da irin waɗannan dabbobi zai iya zama daban, zai fi kyau idan jaririn bai shirya tunanin kansa ba game da yadda rayuwarsa zata kasance. Tabbas, har yanzu bamuyi magana game da farin takarda takarda wanda zaku iya rubuta duk abinda kuke so ba, amma duk da haka zai kasance da sauƙin sauƙi ga saurayi don ya daidaita da yanayin da aka gabatar dashi fiye da na manya.

Idan zamuyi magana game da nawa kadara mallakin, duk ya dogara da mai shayarwa. A matsakaita, farashin ɗan dabba shine 40-50 dalar Amurka, a cikin shahararren shagon yana iya zama mafi girma, wani lokacin 90 har ma da 120 a. e. Kai tsaye daga mai shayarwa, idan kun yi sa'a, zaku iya sayan dabbar da arha, kuma ku gurɓata dabbar da aka riga aka yi amfani da ita ga hannun ɗan adam zai fi sauƙi.

Shiga shafin

Kundin zane mai ban dariya "Ice Age" ya kawo darajar gidan mallaka - saboda mutane da yawa, haruffa Crash da Eddie sun zama ainihin gumaka. Waɗannan dabbobin sun bayyana a ƙarshen Cretaceous, lokacin da dinosaurs ke mulkin Duniya. Sun iya saukin daidaitawa da duk canje-canjen yanayi kuma kusan ba za su taɓa canzawa ba. A yau suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka kuma mafi yawan Arewacin Amurka, har zuwa Kanada.

Opossums suna jagorancin rayuwar rayuwa kawai ban da lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Aiki galibi da daddare. Waɗannan dabbobin manyan masu rigakafi ne - idan tsoro ko rauni, dabbar ta faɗi kuma ta yi kamar ta mutu. Yana da kumfa daga bakinsa, idanunsa suka zama gilashi, kuma wani ɓoye sirri na musamman da yake fitowa daga glandar anal, wanda yake da wari maras kyau. Irin wannan kwaikwayon mutuwa yana ceton ran mai mallaka, mai bin sa ya bar wurin da dabba yake. Bayan wani lokaci, mallakin ya sake “raye” kuma yana da koshin lafiya.

Possum. (Jeff Lewis)

Opossums (lat. Didelphidae), ko kuma mallakar mallakar Amurka - wakilan dangin dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ke da tasirin marsupials. Wakilan wannan kwayar cuta mafi karanci kuma mafi tsufa, wadanda suka bayyana a zamanin Cretaceous kuma tsawon lokaci ba su sami canje-canje masu yawa ba.

Iyalin mallakar suna da zama a Sabuwar Duniya a yau, amma ana samun nau'ikan fossal a ɗakunan ajiya na Turai. Yawancin marsupials da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka sun lalace jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar gadar halitta wacce ta haɗa Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, wadda ke bazuwar sababbin nau'ikan daga arewa zuwa kudu. Gidajen ne kawai suka sami nasarar tsira daga gasar tare da fadada mazauninsu zuwa arewa.

Girka mai siffofi masu daraja shine mafi kusancin dangi na mallakar Amurka. Opossums suna da ƙananan girma: 7-5 cm shine tsawon jikinsu kuma 4-55 cm shine tsawon wutsiya. Yanke ɓoye na ɗaukar mai nuna siffa mai siffa. A gindin wutsiyar, a wasu lokuta ana samun daskararru na kafaffen mai.

Iyalin Amurkawan Opossums (Didelphidae)

Wannan dangi ya ƙunshi mafi yawan abubuwan lalacewa na yau da kullun. Dukkanin wakilan rayayyunsu suna zaune a Amurka. An san nau'ikan burbushin abubuwa daga kwararar manyan makarantun Turai. Abubuwan mallaka na Amurkawa suna da tsari mai hakora mai tsabta: cikakken jerin abubuwan incisors (biyar a kowane gefe na muƙamula na sama), ƙwanƙwasa ƙwararrun haɓaka (wanda ya fi girma cikin abubuwan ɗorawa), da kuma manyan kuɗaɗen ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin duka, wakilan wannan gidan suna da hakora 50. Tsarin gabobi suna da halayyar mutane: suna da yatsu biyar, dukkan yatsunsu sunkasance daidai suke. Mafi yawan lokuta kafafun hular sun fi gaban cinya gaba. Wutsiya tana cikin mafi yawancin lokuta, tsinkaye, bare a ƙarshen. Jaka galibi yana cikin tsufa, kuma idan aka bunkasa, yana buɗe baya, wanda kuma shine sifar fasalin tsarin. Dukkanin mambobi ne na dangi ko kwari. Gabaɗaya, suna yin rawar da suke yi a Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka kamar yadda wakilan tsarin maganin kwari akan wasu nahiyoyi, waɗanda kaɗan ne a cikin Amurka ta wurare masu zafi.

Possum. (Carol Vinzant)

Lissafin dangi yana buƙatar bayani da tsaftacewa. A halin yanzu, dangin sun hada da janareta 12. Fiye da jinsin sittin na mallakar halittar sune nau'ikan wurare masu zafi wadanda ke zaune Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka. Daya daga cikin wakilan kwayar halittar Didelphis - mallakar mallaka na Arewacin Amurka ana samunsa a kudancin rabin Arewacin Amurka Mallakar Arewacin Amurka (Didelphis marsupialis) yana yaduwa daga kudancin Kanada zuwa kudu a Arewacin Peru, gabashin Bolivia da Paraguay. Tana zaune a gabashin rabin Amurka, har ma da Kudancin tekun Pasifik na wannan ƙasar, inda aka kawo shi a farkon karni na 20. Opossum shine girman cat na gida, tare da gajerun kafafu, kaifi mai ƙyalli mai haske da kunnuwa masu launin shuɗi.

Possum. (Graham Higgs)

Wutsiya kusan tsirara ce, doguwa, nau'in riƙewa. Babban launi shine yawanci launin toka, lokaci-lokaci baƙar fata dabbobi sukan haye. Mata sun inganta jakar buɗe ido. Tsayin Jikin 36-53 cm, wutsiya 25-33 cm, nauyi 1, 6-5, 7 kg.

Opossums suna zaune da yankuna dabam-dabam - low-kwance da kuma maɗaukaka, galibi kusa da jikin ruwa. Aiki galibi da daddare. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, da alama ba su da saukin kai. Yawancin lokaci suna yin kamar sun mutu, wanda tabbas yana da ma'anar kariya. Opossums suna hawa da kyau tare da taimakon nesa da aka raba manyan yatsu da wutsiyar murfin tsoka.

A lokacin kaka, kayan masarufi sukanyi yawa kuma a cikin hunturu yawanci basa zama cikin kwazonsu tsawon kwanaki. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yawan mallakar ya faɗaɗa kaɗan zuwa arewa, amma sanyi yana iyakance wannan ci gaba.

Mace sun fara haihuwa tun tana shekara ɗaya. Ruwa, kogwanin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin gine-gine, da datti, da dai sauransu suna zaman mafaka ne A cikin bakin da kan wutsiya mara kyau, mace ta kawo ragowar tsire-tsire don gina gida. Opossums suna da tsintsiya guda a arewa, kuma broods biyu a shekara a cikin ragowar kewayon. Brood yana kunshe da farko 8 cubs. Bayan barin jaka, yawanci ba ya wuce 7 cubs zauna. Newan jarirai duka suna nauyin 2 g tare, kuma 20 daga cikin waɗannan bornan jarirai sun dace da yardar kaina a cikin wani teaspoon.

Possum. (Paparoma Cody)

Tare da taimakon ingantattun maƙalaran kafafu a ƙafafun gaban, suna hawa zuwa jakar mahaifiyar. Bayan wata biyu, gashinsu ya bayyana kuma idansu a buɗe. Haɗe zuwa kan nono, sun rataye su a kan kwanaki 65-70, sannan fara motsawa daban kuma ku ci abinci mai ƙarfi. Yaran suna zage damtse a bayan da mahaifiyar, suna manne a jikin mayafinta, galibi suna rike da wutsiya ga wutsiyarta, suna daga sama sama da baya. Broaya daga cikin tsintsiya an rabu da wata ta tsawon kimanin 3, 5 watanni. Tsammani na rayuwa cikin yanayi na yawancin mallaka bai wuce shekaru 2 ba. A cikin bauta, za su iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 7.

Opossums kusan kusan om ne. Suna cin abinci, dabbobin ruwa, mice, dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi, namomin kaza, tsirrai da yawa sun shuka, masara da hatsi.

Ana amfani da daskararren sandar yashi da dusar ƙanƙanin fure don yin sutura da gamawa. Nama yana da amfani. Opossums suna yin lahani ga lambuna, filaye, da gidaje, amma ana yawan wuce gona da iri game da wannan cutar.

A cikin Kudancin Amurka, a cikin zurfafawa da famfon na Argentine, har ma da Andes, ana samun dangi na kusa da mallakar Arewacin Amurka (Didelphis azarae).

Baya ga dabi'un Didelphis da aka yi la’akari da shi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari da kuma kudu a yankashi yanayi, mafiya yawan sauran ragowar Amurkawa mazauna wurare masu zafi ne.

Possum. (Lucas Di Pentima)

Dangane da fasali iri iri, sauran biyun suna da kusanci ga Didelphis - asalin halittar philander, ko mallaki ido guda huɗu (Philander), da kuma asalin mallakar ruwa, ko ruwa (Chironectes). Duk iyalai suna da nau'i ɗaya. Suna haɗar da ƙarin dabbobin da aka tsara sosai tare da jaka mai tasowa.

Gashi mai ido huɗu, ko waƙa (Philander opossum), tana zaune a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, inda yakan faru a tsaunukan yammacin yamma, kudu zuwa Paraguay da Northeast Argentina, da kuma a Guiana da Gabashin Brazil. Wannan dabba ce mai duhu mai duhu, tana ƙasa da mallakar Arewacin Amurka. A kan kowane ido yana da farin tabo, saboda haka sunan dabbar.

Ruwa mai ruwa, ko mai iyo (Chironectes minimus), yana zaune Tsakiyar Amurka ta arewa zuwa Yucatan Peninsula da Kudancin Amurka zuwa Paraguay da Kudancin Brazil. Tsayin Jikin 27-29 cm, wutsiya 38-39 cm. Mayafin yana birgima baki da launin toka, in munanan gajeru, bakin ciki da kauri. A ƙafafun ƙwayar membrane. Ma'aunin iyo, wata dabba ce mai kama da jujjuyawar, wacce ba kasada ba ce da ke zaune kusa da ƙananan koguna da koguna. Yana ciyar da ƙaramin kifi da sauran dabbobin ruwa na ruwa.

Possum. (Mista Sparkle)

Sauran raguna 9 na Amurkawa sun haɗu da ƙananan dabbobi da ba su da tsari da jaka mai amfani.

Girma mai zurfi mallakin linzamin kwamfuta Lambobi (Marmosa), a cewar masu biyan kuɗi na zamani, kusan nau'ikan 40 ne da kera iyaka. Aƙalla kashi ɗaya bisa uku na nau'ikan da ake samu sune dabbobin dutsen, waɗanda aka rarraba su a wurare masu girman gaske (2500 m kuma mafi girma). Mafi girman tsayin jiki na kayan mallakar masu amfani da linzamin kwamfuta shine 17 cm, kuma wutsiyar ya kai 28 cm.

Possum. (Ryan Kaya)

Kyau Fasaha mallaka (Caluromys) yana da nau'ikan 3 da aka rarraba a Tsakiya da wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu tsayi mai laushi da faffadodi, kuma ingattacciyar wutsiya, tsirara a ƙarshen. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 19-7 cm, wutsiyarsa ta kai 40-49 cm. Waɗannan dabbobi masu “woody” fiye da sauran membobin iyali.

Kyau mallakar gajere, ko rarar marsupial (Monodelphis), ya hada da nau'ikan 11. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan (kusan 10 cm tsayi) dabbobi, tare da ɗan gajeriyar wutsiya da tsinkar wuya, kama da shinge.

Yankin kwayoyin halittar ba su wuce Brazil da wasu kasashe makwabta (Guiana, Venezuela, Peru).

Kyau boobolitsyh, ko mai aski, mallakinsu (Metachirus) an wakilta shi ta jinsin daya - M. nudicaudatus. Waɗannan manyan dabbobi ne (tsayin jiki 25-25 cm, wutsiya 33 cm), ta yaɗu a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.

Sauran ragowar 5 na dangi (Caluromysiops, Glironia, Dromiciops, Lestodelphis, Lutreolina) kowannensu yana wakilta ɗaya ko biyu jinsuna kuma suna da ƙananan jeri a gefen kudu maso yammacin Kudancin Amurka.

Possum. (Ronnie Pitman)

Possum. (Bailey Arboretum)

Possum. (Mark Lucas)

wannzarka.ru

Uparfafawar haɓaka, walwala, kayan wasa

• Don barin dukiyarku ta yi cikakken rai, ku sake ta tafiya. Yi shi kowace rana. Tabbas, ana yin irin waɗannan tafiye-tafiye idan dabbar tana da aiki, wato da dare. Bayan haka, a lokacin da dabbobi za su ki yin tafiya kawai.
• Idan kun yi tafiya da dabbobinku da yamma, nishaɗi nasa. Da kyau, a cikin dakin da za'a sa dabbar, sanya lakabin a tsaye ko “hanya mai hanawa”. Hakanan, itaciyar ado ba tare da ganye ba zata ji rauni.

Tafiya kullun

• Zo da abin da zai kasance biyan bukatun asalin mallaka. Amma dabbar tana son hawa, hawa, tsalle, amfani da dogayen lamuranta da wutsiya na roba.
• Opossum yana son yin wasa tare da abubuwa waɗanda ba a san shi ba. Wasansa ba zai yi ba tare da jefawa ba, skating. Hakanan zai kasance mai aiki wani abu sigar, nibble. Don irin waɗannan wasannin, saya wa dabbar kowane abin wasa mai dacewa, alal misali, abin wasan roba, ƙwallon ƙafa tare da tsalle, ko kararrawa a ciki da za a iya rataye su a igiya. Duk abin da zaku iya samu a shagon dabbobi don yin tallan kuliyoyi zasu dace da mallakarku.
• Nuna haƙuri, ƙauna, ƙauna ga diyanku. Ka tuna, mallaki ba zai taɓa zama mai amfani ba. Kada ku bar dabbobinku a cikin gida shi kaɗai. Zai iya nashodit, duk da haka, kuma ba sa buƙatar haushi dabbar da hankalin ta. Zai fi kyau kare yankin da dabba zai yi tafiya. Idan ba ku aikata ba, to, ku rufe ƙofofin a cikin ɗakin, ku zauna na ɗan lokaci. Ku yi imani da ni, bayan wani lokaci, mallakar ta za ta so zuwa gare ku, ku san juna, ko da wasa.
• Wasu mutane suna son sa idan goge gashi. Sabili da haka, don kashi na gaba na ƙauna, sun dace da nasu. Koyar da dabbobinku su zo kiran, alal misali, yi amfani da wasu kyawawan abubuwa don irin waɗannan dalilai. Hakanan zaka iya ɗaukar mallaka yayin tafiya. Zai zauna bisa kanka.

Kada ka manta cewa ba za a iya azabtar da mallaki ba, ya nuna sauran nau'ikan ilimi. Dabba zai zama mai zafin rai, mai fushi, kuma haɗuwa tare da haƙoran haƙoran dabbobi ba za su kawo muku farin ciki ba.

• Muna ba ku shawara ku mai da hankali musamman ga lokaci na gaba. - Idan mallakin ka yana da gundura, zai yi halin rashin kulawa, wannan mara kyau ne. Wataƙila dabbar da ke damuwa da wani abu, je asibitin dabbobi.

Tsammani rayuwa da lafiya

Rayuwa ta mallaka a cikin bauta kai tsaye ya dogara da ingancin abinci mai gina jiki, wadataccen ruwan sha da sauran yanayin kulawa (kasancewar ƙwararru, tsarkin sel da kariya daga hasken rana, da sauransu). Don haka, "tsere" na iya zama daga shekara biyar zuwa goma.

Gabaɗaya, mallakar mallaka ba su da ma'ana kuma, a ƙarƙashin dokokin farko, da wuya su yi rashin lafiya. Gaskiya wani abu ba daidai ba tare da dabba koyaushe za'a iya fahimtar shi ta canje-canje a halayensa. Koyaya, yi shiri don gaskiyar cewa a yawancin asibitocin dabbobi ba su da yadda za su yi maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma me yasa, iri ɗaya ne na furotin, chinchillas da sauran irin waɗannan m. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau a yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa babu abin da ya faru tare da narkewar abinci ko wasu gabobin ciki na dabba, rigakafin shine mafi kyawun magani!

Bayanan kula

1. Sokolov V.E.
   Theamus biyu na sunayen dabbobi. Dabbobi masu shayarwa Latin, Rashanci, Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci. / Acad ya gyara shi. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. lang., 1984. - S. 10. - 10,000.
2. Opossum, Didelphis virginiana. Gidan yanar gizon gidan daji na Georgia. (2000)
3. Wilson, D., Ruff S. 1999. Littafin littafi na Smithsonian na Arewacin Amurka masu shayarwa. Washington da London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
4. ↑ 12
   Hamilton, W. J., Jr. 1958. Tarihin rayuwa da dangantakar tattalin arziki na opossum (Didelphis marsupialis virginiana) a Jihar New York. Mem. Cornell Univ. Ag. Exp Mat. 354: 1-48.
5. ↑ 1234567
   McManus, John J. 1974. Didelphis Virginiana. Dabbobin Mammalian A'a. 40: 1-6. An buga ta ta Societyungiyar ofungiyar Ruwa ta dabbobi ta Amurka, 2 Mayu 1974.
6. Sabuwar Marswararrun Marswararrun Ma'aikata na Duniya (1996). Didelphis Virginiana. 2006. IUCN Red Jerin Magunguna masu Hadari. . Dubi rikodin azaman Rarsarin Hadarin / ƙananan damuwa (LR / lc v2.3)
7. NatureServe. 2006. NatureServe Explorer: Encyclopedia na kan layi (Didelphis virginiana).
8. Hibbard, C. W., D. E. Ray, D. E. Savage, D. W. Taylor, da J. E. Guilday. 1965. Dabbobin dabbobi masu shayarwa na Arewacin Amirka. Pp. 509-525, a cikin Quaternary na Amurka (H. E. Wright da D. G. Frey, eds.), Princeton Univ. Latsa, Princeton, New Jersey, 922 pp.
9. ↑ 12
   Lay, D.W. 1942. Lafiyar dabbobi na adawa a gabashin Texas. Tafiya Mamma. 23: 147-159.
10. Hunsaker, D., II, da D. Shupe. 1977. Halayyar Sabuwar Gidan Duniya. Shafuffuka 279 --347.
11. Llewellyn, L.M. da F.H. Dale. 1964. Bayanan kula akan ilimin halittu na asalin halittu na opossum a Maryland. Tafiya Mamm. 45: 113-122.
12. Cannibalism a cikin Opossum. Kungiyar Opossum ta Amurka (2003)
13. Petrides, G. A. 1949. Jima'i da ƙudurin tsufa a cikin opossum. Tafiya Mamma. 30: 364-378.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Kodayake mallakar mallakar dabbobi ne ta hanyar rarrabuwa saboda hakoran su, amma kusan komai ne. Da farko dai, sune masu jan hankali da ciyar da abinci.

Wadannan dabbobin ma suna cin kwari kamar cicadas, kwaɗi, tsuntsaye, macizai, 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri, ciyawar ƙasa har ma da ragowar wasu dabbobin da suka mutu a kan babbar hanya.

Dabba tana da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin muhalli: waɗannan tsuntsaye ne na ganima, kamar mujiyoyi da gaggafa, har da dawakai, karnuka, kuliyoyi.

Mutane suna farautar su don nama. Dabbobi da yawa sun mutu akan hanyoyi yayin farauta.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna daga cikin yanayin ƙasa, sarkar abinci na ƙasa.

Samun kwari, 'ya'yan itatuwa, ƙananan dabbobi da wasu kayayyaki, su da kansu abinci ne ga coyotes, dawakai, macizai da tsuntsaye masu farauta.

Gasa a cikin gidan

Littattafai

• McManus, John J. 1974. Didelphis Virginiana. Dabbobin Mammalian A'a. 40: 1-6. An buga ta ta Societyungiyar ofungiyar Ruwa ta dabbobi ta Amurka, 2 Mayu 1974.
• Newell, T. da R. Berg. 2003. "Didelphis virginiana" (On-line), Gidan yanar gizo na Banbancin dabbobi. An isa ga Mayu 04, 2007.
• Didelphis budurwa
  : Bayanin gidan yanar gizo na IUCN Red Book
• Rayuwar Dabbobi: a cikin 7 vol / Ed. V. E. Sokolova. T.7. Dabbobi masu shayarwa - 2nd b., Revised. - M.: Ilimi, 1989 .-- 558 p. (Shafi 37).
• NatureServe. 2006. NatureServe Explorer: Encyclopedia na kan layi (Didelphis virginiana). Shafi 6.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Akwai https://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (An shiga: Mayu 4, 2007).
• InfoNatura: Tsuntsayen dabbobi, dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma dabbobi na Latin Amurka (Didelphis virginiana). 2004. Juzu'i 4.1. Arlington, Virginia (Amurka): NatureServe. Akwai: https://www.natureserve.org/infonatura. (An shiga: Mayu 4, 2007).

Short Short

Possum ne kananan marsupial tawagar dabbobi masu shayarwa. A halin yanzu, mazauninsu na asali kusan duk yankin Sabuwar Duniya ne, kodayake, bisa ga abubuwan binciken archaeology, tsoffin mallakarsu sun zauna a Turai, kuma, ta hanyar, tsarinsu bai canza sosai ba tun daga wancan lokacin. Akwai nau'ikan mallakar mallaka da yawa, waɗanda wadansunsu ƙanana ne (alal misali, mallakin Chakoez mai yawanci bai wuce 40 g), wasu sun fi girma. Rayuwar wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan marsupials kuma sun bambanta sosai: wasu daga cikinsu suna rayuwa a cikin gandun daji a kan bishiyoyi, wasu a cikin tsaran tsirrai ko ma rabin hamada a cikin ɓoye, wasu kuma suna kashe rabin rayukansu a ruwa.

Kamar yadda dabbobi ke amfani da su budurwa mallaki, a cikin girman su ba karami bane fiye da talakawa na gari: nauyin irin wannan dabba daga kilo ɗaya da rabi zuwa shida, tsawon jikin mutum yakai rabin mitsi, adadinsu kuwa shine silar ɗan bera mai santsi tare da daskararren sananniyar a gindi, inda ake ajiyar mai.

Tsarin wutsiyar ya ba dabba damar amfani da ita azaman tallafi da daidaituwa yayin hawa bishiya. Girman maza da mata sun sha bamban sosai: amma sam sam sam ya fi girma kuma ya fi ƙarfinsa. Siffar halayyar dabba tsoka ce mai wuyar shanyewa (ga wasu yana kama da dawakai, a cikin wasu ya fi yiwuwa danganta shi da bera) tare da gashin gashin baki. Kunnuwa suna kanana, gashi a kansu, da kan wutsiya, ba. Hannun kunnuwa sun fi sauki. An rufe jikin dabbar da ƙuraje mai kauri tare da gajeren wando mai laushi.

Yawancin lokaci yana da launin toka mai launi, amma, dangane da yankin mazauninta, baƙar fata kuma kusan fararen fata ne kuma ana samun su (takaddar dabbar, duk da haka, koyaushe fari). Ingancin Jawo kuma ya dogara da yanayin rayuwa: a arewacin mallaka, fur ɗin ta yi kauri kuma, a saboda haka, ya fi sauƙi, a cikin kudanci - ƙarancin lokaci da duhu. Haka bambance-bambance iri iri suna da fatar kan kunnuwa da wutsiya.

Gabaɗaya, mallakin yana ba da alama mai kyau kyakkyawa da ƙima wacce kawai kake so ka matse da bugun jini. Kuma ta hanyar, dabbar dabbar da ke amsa ta amsa da godiya sosai ga irin wannan magani, saboda haka abun cikin ta a gida ya sami irin wannan sanannen.

Ta yaya suke ninka da girma

Mallakar Amurkawa ta Arewacin Amurka wata dabba ce mai rayuwa, wanda ke nufin mace ba ta da “Mahallin” aikin tayi wanda mahaifar tayi tayi. Bayan haihuwar sati biyu, har zuwa kankanin kayan an haife su, tsirara da ruwan hoda, fiye da amfrayo. Daga wannan lokacin, tsere don rayuwa yana farawa, saboda crumbs - kimanin 15 mm a tsayi kuma har zuwa 13 g na nauyi - zai manne a jakar mahaifiyarsu, yana manne da jakar uwarsu kuma yana manne a kan nono. Kuma mace tana da 13 daga cikinsu kawai.

Kula da tsabta

Opossums, kamar kuliyoyi, suna wanke ƙafafunsu sosai, duk da haka, ba kamar sabanin na ƙarshen ba, suna da kyau sosai ga tsarin ruwa. Af, idan saboda wasu dalilai mallakin yana da ƙanshi mara kyau, wannan na iya nuna matsalolin kiwon lafiya (marsupials masu lafiya ba su ƙoshi ba), don haka ya kamata a nuna dabbar a wa likitan dabbobi cikin gaggawa.

Idan ba za ku yi kiwo don dabbobi ba, ana shawarar namiji ya zama haifuwa, wanda hakan zai sami ƙanshi mara ƙarancin halitta.

Gabaɗaya, ana iya faɗi cewa matakan tsabtace asali suna tafasa zuwa tsaftacewar sel na yau da kullun. Wannan yakamata a yi a kalla sau daya a mako.

Sandan wanka, wanda suke da sha'awar shan chinchillas, ba lallai ba ne ga mallaki.