Matakan talauci yana da mazauni mai faɗi. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a duk ƙasashen turai inda akwai gandun daji, a cikin Ukraine ana iya samunsa a yankin Black Sea da Crimea, kuma a Rasha - a ɓangaren Turai na steppes da gandun daji, a cikin tsaunukan Arewacin Caucasus. Wannan macijin kuma yana zaune a Asiya: a cikin Kazakhstan, kudanci Siber, da Altai. Koyaya, saboda fa'idar aikin ƙasar, rarar halittar wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe ya ragu sosai, kuma a cikin ƙasashen Turai dabba tana da kariya ta Yarjejeniyar Berne. A cikin Ukraine da Rasha, ana jera abubuwa masu rarrabe a cikin Litattafai Red na ƙasa.
Maballin ƙawancen dabba shine dabba mai halaye, kuma yana da wuya a rikita shi da maciji ko maciji mai guba. Girman takalmin zai kasance daga santimita 55 zuwa 63, kuma mace sun fi maza girma. An bambanta wannan nau'in daga sauran macizai ta hanyar haɓakar gefan mucks, wanda ke ba shi bayyanar “gulma”. A bangarorin, ana fentin sikelin cikin sautunan launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, kuma baya yana da wuta tare da tsararren tsinkayen zigzag wanda yake gudana tare da tudun. Hakanan ana iya ganin yanayin duhu akan goshi. 'Yan ƙasa haske ne, tare da launin toka.
Daga ɓoyayyen yanayi, waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe suna farka suna danganta da yanayin yanayi, lokacin da aka saita zazzabi ƙasa da digiri bakwai. Kuma a cikin watan Afrilu ko Mayu suna da lokacin kiwo. A lokacin bazara da damina, macijin yakan tashi daga matsuguni ne kawai a cikin lokacin zafi da rana, kuma a lokacin rani ana iya ganin safiya da kuma sa'o'in yamma. Me macizai na wannan nau'in suke ci? Rodananann sandunan wuta, kajin, amma babban abincin shine kwari, galibi kyan fari ne. Saboda haka, ana ganin dabba da amfani ga aikin gona. Haka kuma mai saurin rarrabuwa kuma baya ƙin amintattun masu maye. A sa'i daya, dabbobi masu rarrafe ke zama abinci ga shaho, da mujiyoyi, da sauran tsuntsayen da ke cin abincinsu. Hakanan macijin da ya fi girma ya cinye shi.
Mataki na jini - viviparous. A watan Agusta, macen ta shigo da zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya daga uku zuwa goma. Sabbin jarirai masu nauyin kimanin gram 4 tare da tsawon jikinsu na santimita 11-13. Vian ƙananan ƙaya ya kai ga balaga ne kawai a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, lokacin da suka girma zuwa santimita 27-30. Yara dabbobi sau da yawa, tsofaffi sau da yawa, canza fata. Don yin wannan, macizai za su hau zuwa cikin tarkon kuma su fara shafawa akan duwatsun har sai fasa su bayyana a leɓun. Bayan haka, kowane mutum ya fashe daga fata, kamar dai daga tsohuwar ɓoyayyen jari.
Dabbobin ƙasan Rasha, ciki har da macizai, don galibin su ba masu haɗari bane. Amma vipers a cikin wannan ma'ana wani togiya ce. Koyaya, jita-jita game da hatsarorin da guba suke da ɗan ƙara. Haɗu da wannan maciji na iya zama mai mutuwa ga ƙaramar dabba, kamar kare, amma ba ga mutane ba. Ciwanta yafi cutarwa. A maimakon sa, kumburi yana haɓaka da sauri, wanda ya wuce iyakar ƙafar ƙafafun da abin ya shafa. Hemorrhagic blister har ma da necrotic yankunan na iya zama. Ciwan yana da jin ƙyashi, bugun zuciya, nutsuwa, tashin zuciya, da raguwar yawan zafin jiki.
Idan kai ko abokin aikinka ya ciji ta hannun maciji, dole ne ka ba da taimakon farko ga wanda aka azabtar da wuri-wuri. Don yin wannan, kunsa tare da zane da aka juya a cikin yawon shakatawa, yanki na jiki sama da cizo. Ainihi, macizai suna matsowa cikin ƙafa (wani lokacin a hannun lokacin da mutum ba da gangan ba, a cikin neman namomin kaza ko berries, yayi tuntuɓar dabba). Dole ne a yi amfani da wurin shakatawa da tabbaci don hana zubar da jini. Sannan a matse jinin da guba ya shafa ta hanyar raunukan da hakoran macijin suka bari. Bayan wannan, yakamata a dauki mai haƙuri zuwa likita don kaucewa rikice-rikice da halayen rashin lafiyan. Maganin Anti-Gyurz ya tabbatar da kanta sosai.
Bayanin gajeriyar magana
Tsawon jiki tare da wutsiya ya kai mm 635 a ♂ da 735 mm a ♀. An lura da zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi biyu: cryptic da melanistic. Abubuwan launuka na launuka (na yau da kullun) ana wakilta su da yawancin bambance bambancen launin toka da launin ruwan kasa tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙar fata zigzag a baya. Kowane mutum mai ma'ana a cikin yankin yana wakiltar kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na yawan jama'a, kodayake a wasu rukuni yawan adadin melanists na iya kaiwa 44%.
Yaɗa
Rangeasarar duniya ta ƙunshi bangarorin da ke kudu maso hamadar kudu maso gabashin Turai, Kazakhstan da Asia ta Tsakiya. An samo shi a cikin Tarayyar Rasha daga Volga-Kama Territory a arewa zuwa Ciscaucasia a kudu da Altai a gabas. Yankin yankuna ya ƙunshi ƙananan kwari da ƙananan ƙafafun arewacin layin Anapa-Abrau-Dyurso-Novorossiysk-Abinsk-Goryachiy Klyuch-Khadyzhensk-Psebay. Tyarancin ƙasa: Sarepta, Lower Volga (Russia).
Siffofin ilmin halitta da kuma ilimin halittu
Akwai tuffa a kan filayen ire-ire iri (loess, allivial loess, terraced), akan tsaunuka a ƙananan tuddai. Mahalli gandun daji, ƙungiyoyi na daji, shiblyaks, gangara gabbai. A kudu maso gabas, kewayon a yankin ya haura har zuwa 1000 m sama da matakin teku. Teku, mai ikon zama a kan yashi.
A cikin yanayin shimfidar wuri mai ban tsoro, yana samar da mazaunin tef ta hanyar damuwa da rukunin wuraren sharar gida, gandun daji, da sauransu. Tun lokacin da suke yin hunturu suna fitowa a cikin Maris, aiki yana gudana har zuwa farkon kwanakin Nuwamba, matsakaita tsawon lokacin ayyukan vipers a yankin shine kwanaki 230. A lokacin bazara da damina, vipers suna aiki da rana; a cikin watan Yuli - Agusta, an lura da ayyukan mafi girma biyu.
An lura da rashin daidaituwa da hanyoyin karkatarwa a cikin abincin. Mating faruwa a masse a watan Afrilu. Haihuwar matasa yana faruwa ne daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa farkon Satumba. A cikin broods, mutane 3 zuwa 18 sun lura.
Yawaita da yanayin sa
A kusa da tashoshin Raevskaya, akwai mutane 2-3 daga ƙauyen tazara ta mil 2 daga hanyar, a saman. Herpegem - mutane 2 a kowace kilomita 1, a cikin kusa da Saratov sts - mutane 4 a cikin 1 ha, a kan Yasen Spit - mutane 5 a 1 km. Matsakaicin yawan jama'a a wannan yanki shine mutane 30 a 1 ha tare da matsakaicin adadin mutane 11. a 1 ha.