'Yar tsere dabba ce, wanda ya fice ba wai kawai don iya canza launuka ba, har ma don iya motsa idanun su ba tare da junan su ba. Ba wai kawai waɗannan abubuwan ba ne suka sa ya zama mai yawan ban mamaki a duniya.

Siffofi da mazaunin mazaunin

Akwai ra'ayi cewa sunan chameleon ya fito ne daga yaren Girka kuma yana nufin "zaki zaki." Matsayin chameleon shine Afirka, Madagascar, Indiya, Sri Lanka da Kudancin Turai.

Mafi yawanci ana samun su a cikin savannahs da gandun daji na tropics, wasu suna zama a cikin matattarar ƙarancin kuma ƙaramin adadin ya mamaye bangarorin. Har zuwa yau, akwai kimanin nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe a ƙasa. Fiye da 60 daga cikinsu suna zaune a Madagascar.

An samo ragowar tsohuwar gwanayen, wacce ke da kusan shekara miliyan 26, a cikin Turai. Tsawon matsakaita mai tsayi shine cm 30. Manyan mutane nau'in chameleons Furcifer oustaleti ya kai cm 70. Wakilan Brookesia micra sun girma zuwa mm 15 kawai.

An kawata shugaban chasshan tare da katako, dunƙulen hannu ko kuma manyan ƙaho. Waɗannan halayen suna ga maza kaɗai ne. A cikin bayyanar chameleon yayi kama lizakiamma a zahirin gaskiya basu da abun daya hade.

A gefen bangarorin jikin mai biɗinsa ya lalace har da alama yana ƙarƙashin 'yan jaridar. Kasancewar saƙar da aka ɗauka da nuna alama ya sa ta yi kama da ƙaramin dabbar, wuyansa kusan babu shi.

A kan dogayen kafafu da na bakin ciki akwai yatsunsu biyar, wadanda aka hada su a gefe guda da yatsunsu 2 da 3 kuma suka samar da wani irin kambori. A kowane yatsunsu akwai keɓaɓɓe mai kaifi. Wannan yana bawa dabbar damar riƙe ta gaba ɗaya kuma ta motsa a saman bishiyoyi.

Wutsiyar chameleon yana da kauri, amma zuwa ƙarshen ya zama kunkuntar kuma yana iya juyawa cikin karkace. Wannan kuma shine guntin sashin jiki mai rarrafe. Koyaya, wasu nau'in suna da gajeren wutsiya.

Harshen maƙarƙashiya shine ɗaya da rabi zuwa sau biyu fiye da jiki. Suna kama ganima. Walƙiya da sauri (0.07 seconds), yana fitar da harshe, shuwagabannin suna kama wanda aka azabtar, a zahiri basu barin damar samun ceto. Kunne na waje da na tsakiya a cikin dabbobi ba ya nan, wanda hakan ke sa su kusan ji. Amma, duk da haka, zasu iya fahimtar sauti a cikin kewayon 200-600 Hertz.

Raunin wannan rashi ne ta kyakkyawar hangen nesa. Thewararren shuɗar chameleons koyaushe yana rufe idanunsu, saboda an hada su. Akwai ɗalibai na musamman na ɗalibai. Idanun hagu da na dama suna motsa ba tare da daidaito ba, wanda zai baka damar ganin komai a kusa da wani mataki na 360.

Kafin kai harin, dabbar ta mayar da hankalin duk idonta biyu kan ganima. Ingancin hangen nesa ya sa ya yiwu a sami kwari a nisan mil goma. Chameleons ana iya ganin su tare da radiation na ultraviolet. Kasancewa a wannan ɓangaren hasken bakan, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fi aiki yawan gaske.

A cikin hoto, idanun shugaban

Musamman shahara chameleons samu saboda karfin canzawa Launi. An yi imani da cewa ta hanyar canza launi na dabba ya ɓatar da kanta kamar mahalli, amma wannan ba daidai ba ne. Halin motsin rai (tsoro, yunwar, dabbar ta hanyar haɗi, da dai sauransu), kazalika da yanayin muhalli (gumi, zazzabi, haske, da sauransu) sune abubuwanda ke shafar canjin launin fata.

Canjin launi yakan faru ne ta dalilin chromatophores - sel waɗanda ke da alamu daidai. Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar mintuna da yawa, ƙari, launi ba ya canza asali.

Halin hali da rayuwar mutum mai hawa biyu

Chameleons sun shafe kusan rayuwarsu a cikin rassan bishiyoyi. Suna sauka ne kawai a lokacin lokacin mating. Ta wannan hanyar ne ya fi sauƙi ga mutum ya kasance mai rikitar da rikicewa. Zai yi wuya mu iya tafiya a ƙasa da dunƙule. Sabili da haka, uruwar su tana yin yawo. Kasancewar wurare da yawa na tallafi, gami da dunkulallen wutsiya, damar dabbobi su ji da girma a cikin lokacin farin ciki.

Ayyukan Chameleon yana bayyana da rana. Suna motsa kadan. Sun fi son kasancewa a wuri guda, wutsiya da paws suna riƙe reshe na itace. Amma suna gudu suna tsalle da ƙarfi, idan ya cancanta. Tsuntsaye masu cin nama da dabbobi masu shayarwa, manyan shaye-shaye da wasu nau'in macizai na iya zama haɗari ga hawainiyar. A gaban abokan gaba, mai rarrafe ya cika kamar balan-balan, launin sa yana canzawa.

A kan karaya, chameleon ya fara tsotse rai da fushi, yana kokarin tsoratar da abokan gaba. Yana iya ma cizo, amma tunda dabba tana da hakora masu rauni, ba ta haifar da mummunan raunuka. Yanzu mutane da yawa suna da buri sayi chameleon dabba. A gida, ana sa su a cikin taranti. Chameleon a matsayin mai dabbobi ba zai haifar da matsala da yawa ba idan kun kirkireshi yanayi mai gamsarwa. A kan wannan batun, yana da kyau a nemi shawara tare da gwani.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Abincin da ke hawainiya yana tattare da kwari iri iri. Kasancewa cikin farauta, mai rarrafe ke zaune na dogon lokaci akan reshe na itace, idanun sa kawai suna cikin cigaba da motsi. Gaskiya ne, wani lokacin mutum zai iya suturta shi a hankali ga wanda abin ya shafa a hankali. Kama wannan maganin yana faruwa ta hanyar fitar da harshe da kuma jawo wanda aka cutar a bakin.

Wannan na faruwa nan take, cikin sakanti uku kawai, ana iya kama kwari har huɗu. Chameleons suna riƙe da abinci tare da taimakon madaidaicin ƙarshen harshen, wanda yake zama mai tsotsa da ƙwayar rai sosai. An tsayar da manyan abubuwa ta hanyar taimakon motsi a kan harshe.

Ana amfani da ruwa daga jikin matattun ruwa. Tare da asarar danshi, idanun suka fara nitsewa, dabbobin kusan "sun bushe". A gida chameleon fi son crickets, baranya mai zafi, 'ya'yan itaciya, ganyen wasu tsirrai. Kar ku manta game da ruwa.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Yawancin chameleons suna oviparous. Bayan hadi, macen ta kanyan ƙwai har tsawon watanni biyu. Wani lokaci kafin kwanciya qwai, mahaifiyar mai son tana nuna tsananin damuwa da tsokanar zalunci. Suna da launi mai haske kuma basu yarda da maza ga kansu ba.

Mahaifiyar da take jira ta gangaro zuwa ƙasa tana neman wuri don ta tono rami da ƙwai. Kowane nau'in yana da adadin ƙwai daban-daban kuma yana iya zama daga 10 zuwa 60. Clutch na iya zama kusan uku a cikin shekara. Haɓakar amfrayo na iya ɗaukar ko'ina daga watanni biyar zuwa shekaru biyu (kuma ya dogara da nau'in).

An haifi jarirai masu zaman kansu kuma, da zaran sun fara tsere, suna gudu zuwa tsire-tsire don ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba. Idan namiji ba ya nan, mace na iya sanya ƙoshin “kitse”, wanda samarin ba za su kyankyasa ba. Sun ɓace bayan fewan kwanaki.

Manufar haihuwar shuwagabannin masu rarrafe ba su da bambanci sosai da oviparous. Bambanci shine mace ta kwashe kwai a cikin kanta har zuwa haihuwar jariran. A wannan yanayin, har zuwa yara 20 na iya bayyana. Chameleons ba sa haihuwar zuriyarsu.

Shekaru mai hawa biyu zai iya zuwa shekaru 9. Mace suna rayuwa babu ƙaranci, saboda haihuwa tana lalata lafiyar jikinsu. Farashin Chameleon Ba tsayi sosai ba. Koyaya, saɓon dabbar, bayyanar kyakkyawa da halaye masu ban dariya zasu iya farantawa ƙaunataccen mai fauna fauna.

Chameleon: yadda yake, bayanin, tsari, halaye

Wadannan gurbatattun halittu masu ban sha'awa. Haɗin jikinsu yana rufe gaba ɗaya tare da fata mai taushi tare da ƙananan haɓaka, farar fata mai kauri. Wasu daidaikun mutane a kan fuska suna da kaho mai kaɗa, kwalkwali, ƙananan wuraren lu'ulu'u kusa da idanu.

Chameleons sunfi son hawa bishiyoyi. A cikin aiwatar da juyin halitta, suna da yatsunsu biyu da uku akan kowane ƙafa. Yatsun suna girma tare cikin rukuni biyu masu adawa. A cikin kowace kungiya, yatsunsu 2 a gaban kafafun su 3 kuma kafafu biyu na kafafun kafa suna kama da “fika”. A gefen kowane yatsa akwai yatsan kaifi guda ɗaya, godiya wacce mahaɗa zasu iya sauka a hankali, suna manne da haushi. Baya ga kafafu akwai wutsiya, wanda chameleons suma suke amfani dashi yayin hawa hawa gangar jikin.

Alloli na mai hawa biyu

Wadannan lamuran sarakuna ne na zahiri na kampani. Ba wai kawai suna boyewa daga ganimarsu ba, har ma da daga dabbobi masu kiba. Hakanan, chameleons sun shahara saboda gaskiyar cewa zasu iya kasancewa iri ɗaya a cikin kwanaki. A lokuta na musamman, chameleons ya daskare da yawa makonni. Don haka lizankin ya kwance faɗakarwar abin da yake ci kuma a hankali.

Sake kama mai hawa biyu

Chemeleons a bayyane yake ba a bayyane yake a cikin tsiran tsirrai. Zasu iya ɗaukar kowane launi, suna ɓatar da kansu azaman abubuwa kewaye. Idan ka kalli chameleon a gabanta, zai bayyana a fili. Canje-canje na launi suna faruwa ne saboda na'urar musamman ta fata, wacce ke da ikon jujju da kanta kamar mazaunin dabbobi.

Chameleon a gaban

Ina ne chameleons suke zama?

Chameleons suna zaune a yankin Saharar Afirka. Hakanan ana iya samun su a cikin Madagascar, tsibirin kusa da su. Wasu nau'ikan suna zaune a Asiya, kasashen larabawa. Oftenarancin lokuta ana iya samun su a Amurka a cikin jihohin da ke da ɗumi.

Chameleons sun fi son yanayi mai zafi, savannahs da foothills. Abu ne mai sauki mu ɓoye wa haɗari, kuma akwai abinci da yawa a can. Wasu nau'ikan dabbobi sun saba da zama a bangarorin.

Siffar da mazauni

A halin yanzu, a cikin yanayi akwai kusan nau'ikan shekaru 193 na chameleons. Babban mazauninsu shine tsibirin Madagascar. Baya ga haduwa dabarar dabba Zai yuwu a ƙasashen Afirka, kan yankin Larabawa, A Indiya, California da Florida.

Waɗannan dabbobin sun fi son zama a tsakanin manyan ciyayi. Suna amfani da rassan bishiya don rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun, don bacci. A cikinsu akwai kuma wasu nau'in halittu waɗanda suka fi dacewa da rayuwa a duniya. Ana iya samun su a cikin savannah na Afirka, steppe ko hamada.

Chameleons sune kasusuwa na matsakaici, wanda tsayinsa ya kai cm 17-30. Akwai Kattai wadanda ke girma zuwa cm 60. Kuma wakilan su kadan ba su wuce 4.5 cm.

Jikin waɗannan dabbobin yana da sihiri mai kyau, an raba shi daga tarnaƙi. An kawata shugaban 'yan maza da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kaho, kwari. Ba a yi wa shugaban mace ado da kowane ci gaban ba, ko kuma su, kasancewar suna cikin matakan haɓaka, suna zama kaɗan ba a san su ba.

Tare da taimakon dogon hancin, chameleon zai iya motsawa kusa da bishiyoyi. Yatsun su sun zama kamar kambori, wanda ke taimaka wa kama rassan ba tare da matsaloli ba. Kayan dabbobin da aka bunkasa sosai suna da takamaiman aiki. Wannan wani nau'in reshe ne na biyar na chameleon, waɗanda suke ɗaure da reshe.

Godiya ga iyawar canza launi dangane da muhalli, shuwagabannin an daɗe da sanin su a duk faɗin duniya. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda ba wanda yasan yadda ake shugabancin irin wannan sihirin. Bayyanar chameleons yana canzawa da sauri wanda wasu lokuta yakan rikitar da mutane.

Menene asirin wannan fasalin mai ban mamaki na dabbar? Ya dogara da tsarin fatar, ya ƙunshi yadudduka dabam dabam da suke da ingantaccen tsarin. Zaɓi na sama yana da rawar kariya. A bayyane yake.

Duk sauran bangarori masu zurfi na fata suna da ayyuka daban-daban. Suna cike da sel na musamman da ake kira chromatophores kuma sun ƙunshi launuka iri-iri. Haka kuma, kowane zaren ya cika da takamaiman launi, wanda ya fara daga rawaya zuwa baƙi.

Chromophores yana ragewa kuma alamuran da suke ƙunshe suna maida hankali ne akan wuri na tsakiya a sel. Wannan yana amfani da ƙarfafawa don canza launin fata na dabba. Dukkanin inuwa a cikin yadudduka suna hade da juna, saboda wanda chameleon zai iya zama daban. Domin irin waɗannan canje-canje su faru, ba ya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa, rabin minti ɗaya kawai ya isa.

Abu mai ban sha'awa shine u chameleon shi dai itace ba kawai ya canza ba Launi jikinsa baki daya, amma kuma bangarorin jikin shi. Ana lura da asali na al'ada da sabon abu tare da canje-canje a cikin launi na wutsiyar dabba ko kwayar idonta.

Me ke sa dabbobi su canza launuka haka da sauri? Har zuwa 'yan kwanan nan, kowa yayi tunanin cewa wannan canji na bayyanar da mai hawainiya ke amfani da shi don kare kai da ɓarna. Amma wannan zato an karyata.

Don haka, mutumin yana ƙoƙarin kusantarsa ​​kuma ya zama sananne ga mutane kamarsa. Akwai nau'ikan da ba a tabbatar da su ba har yanzu ta hanyar ƙaramar kimiyya cewa canjin zafin jiki da bayyanar haske, kazalika da halin dabba na ciki, yana tasiri canjin launi.

Chameleon da gaske ya canza sosai a yanayin zafi sosai ko ƙarancin zafi, mai haske mai haske, yayin tsoro, yanayi mai saurin fushi ko yunwar. Wannan dabbar mai ban mamaki tana nuna baƙon abu a cikin tsawa.

Jikinsa yana girma cikin girma, kamar ana zube shi. Ya yi duhu zuwa baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa kuma yana farawa da tsoro cikin sauri, yana kama da sautin maciji. Yana da kyau a tsaya a gaban dabba, shi ma abu ne mai yawa mai ban sha'awa. Idon shuwagabannin manya manya manya ne da kera mai aiki tare da ci gaba da fatar ido da ƙananan ramuka ga ɗalibai.

Irin wannan tsari ba wani cikas bane ga mutumin da ke da ikon daidaita hangen nesan sa daidai. Mai hawainiya zai iya tantance nesa da duk abin da yake kewaye da gani da kuma duk abinda yake da kusancin dabba.

M da baƙon abu ne cewa idanun suna tafiya da juna. Misali, lokacin da hagu na dabba ke dubanta kai tsaye, dama na iya dubawa. Wannan yana bawa dabbar damar duba hoto daga dukkan kusurwoyi.

Ganin wannan halitta mai ban sha'awa da baƙon abu, tunanin cewa shugaban mutum mai nasara ne bai dace da shi ba. Ba kowa ba ne ya yi imani cewa wannan halitta tare da jinkirta aiki yana iya yin wasu ayyuka. A zahiri, chameleon - kaddara dabba, wanda yake daidaita kansa, yana samun abinci don kansa kuma yana dacewa da kansa ga mafi wahalar tsira daga yanayin.

Duk wannan ya yi nasara a gare shi godiya ga bambancin fata da kuma wani sashi - harshe. Dukkanin masana kimiyyar sun zo a cikin yankewar baki ɗaya cewa harshe mai kumbon haƙiƙa haɓaka ne na haɓaka, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi da sauƙin amfani da su don dalilai na mutum.

Harshen chameleon yana “harba” mai nisa, wanda a wasu lokuta ya fi jikin dabba. Kasancewa da kofin tsotsa na musamman a cikin harshen, maharmar yana iya cinye abincin sa.

Wannan na faruwa tsakanin rabe biyu. Saurin kama harshen wadanda abin ya shafa yana da girma kwarai har a cikin dakika uku shugaba yana da akalla kwari 4 a bakinsa.

Yaya chameleon ya canza launi?

Idan muka bincika fata na chameleon a cikin mahallin, zamu iya gani: a ƙarƙashin ɓataccen ɓangaren ɓoyayyen ɓangaren ƙwaƙwalwar farin ciki. Yadudduka biyu sun sami damar yin daidai da shuɗin launuka masu launin shuɗi da violet. A kusa da su akwai ƙarin yadudduka biyu - ɗaya yana da sel rawaya, ɗayan kuma launin ruwan kasa.

An gano cewa canjin launi yana faruwa sakamakon canje-canje a cikin zazzabi, haske har ma ... yanayin yanayin halittar. Kuma sel na musamman da ake kira chromatophores sune “ke zargi” saboda wannan. Wannan kalmar Helenanci a zahiri tana nufin "launi mai ɗauke da launi" (chroma - launi, fenti da dakaru - ɗaukar). Chromatophores suna duka biyu a cikin farfajiya (fibrous) da kuma cikin zurfin yadudduka na fata na chameleon kuma suna da tsari mai kyau.

Hanyar aiki daga waɗannan sel launi ta kasance mai rikitarwa. Yana da alaƙar kai tsaye da aiki da tsarin jijiyoyi mai rarrafe. Kwayar chromatophores tana dauke da alamu wadanda ke tantance launi na fata na chameleon. Su ne baki, rawaya, ja, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ba a tsaida hatsi na Pigment a wuri guda ba, amma suna da ikon motsawa ko'ina cikin tantanin, ko dai a tsakiya ne, ko kuma "rarrafe" zuwa ƙarshen sa. Yawan waɗannan hatsi a cikin chromatophores shima ba ɗaya bane: a cikin sel ɗaya akwai mafi yawa daga cikinsu, a ɗayan - kaɗan.Saboda haka, canza launi na chamele saboda wannan ba zai zama daidai ba.

Lokacin da aka aiwatar da kwangilar chromatophore, ana tattara hatsi a cikin tsakiyar sel, fatar kuma ta yi fari ko launin shuɗi. Kuma idan hatsin duhu ya tattara a cikin rassan tantanin, fatar ta yi duhu, har tana iya yin baƙi.

Ana samun nau'ikan inuwa sakamakon haɗuwa da hatsi na launi na duka yadudduka - na sama da zurfi. Yanayin bayyanar sautunan launin kore yana da ban sha'awa: wannan ya faru ne sakamakon rushewar haskoki a cikin matsanancin waje, wanda ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u masu haske da yawa. Saboda wannan, launi na chameleon zai iya canzawa da sauri: daga haske - ta hanyar nau'ikan launuka masu haske, ruwan kore, shunayya - zuwa baƙi. Haka kuma, yana iya bambanta duka tsawon tsawon jikin mai rarrafe, kuma a rabe daban da sifofi.

Godiya ga irin wannan tsari na fata na musamman, chameleons na iya canza launin su zuwa ƙaramin daki-daki. Dukkanin jikin dabbar yana lullube da irin inuwar launuka. Sakamakon shigowar sarakunan, ana iya ganin sa yayin motsi. Saboda wannan dalili, dinosaur da wuya ya motsa, ya gwammace ya tsaya ya jira ganima. Wasu nau'in katantanwa na iya motsawa da sauri fiye da hawainiya. Kowane motsi kamar an yi shi cikin jinkirin motsi - mutumin da ke biye da shi yana bi da su kuma yana gyara su.

Me yasa chameleon ya canza launi?

Masana kimiyya Brucke, P. Baer da Kruckenberg suma sun bayyana cewa abubuwan dake haifar da canjin launi da waɗannan masu rarrafe ke iya zama duka na ilimin mutum da na rayuwa a yanayi. Formerarshe sun haɗa da, ban da waɗanda aka ambata a sama, zazzabi, haske, ƙara zafi, gami da bushewa, yunwar da zafi, na ƙarshen sun haɗa da jin tsoro, halin tashin hankali ga abokan gaba ko a wani taron da ba a so.

Masanan kimiyya iri ɗaya sun yanke shawara cewa tsarin juyayi na mai rarrafe shine babbar hanyar da ke fitar da hatsi a cikin ƙwayoyin chromatophores: daga tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, yana motsa sha'awa tare da jijiyoyi zuwa kowane ƙwayar chromatophore, yana haifar da motsi. Abinda aka gano shine gaskiyar cewa manyan mukamai wajen canza launi chameleon idanun sa sun buga.

An kafa shi ne ta hanyar gwaji cewa ikon canza launin fata a cikin wannan gurbataccen abu zai lalace idan ƙwayar jijiya ta lalace ko idanunsa suka lalace. Wato, ana gano irin wannan sarkar: haske, fadowa cikin idanu da aika sakonni ta hanyar su, aikatawa akan tsarin mai juyayi, kuma na ƙarshe akan ƙwayoyin chromatophores.

Masana, yayin binciken abin da ke tattare da yanayin canzawar launi, sun kammala da cewa tsarin juyayi na tsakiyar wata mai rarrafe ya ƙunshi cibiyoyi guda biyu - atomatik da ƙaƙƙarfan fata, kuma duka biyun suna ɗaukar nauyin canza launi mai rarrafe. Na farko shine "alhakin" don sautin tsarin canza launi kuma idan ya fusata, fatar tayi haske. Bi da bi, cibiyar atomatik ta dogara da cibiyar taimako, wanda ke rufe farkon ta, sabili da haka, yana ba da sakamako akasin - fatar ta yi duhu.

Don haka, gwaje-gwajen da aka yi ya nuna cewa, alal misali, an cire madafin jijiya na gani, to dukkan gefen dama na jikin mai rarrashi zai zama fari da gaba. Idan kashin dunƙule na dunƙule ya zama haushi ta ƙarfin lantarki, wannan zai haifar da fatar fata, idan haushi

Yaya chameleons zai motsa?

Da farko, ƙafafun gaba yana tafiya gabaɗaya, yana kullun daskarewa, yana jin iska ko'ina. Hakanan yana yin lowers a hankali a inda yakamata, yana mannewa da kaifi zana a jikin gangar jikin bishiya. Ragowar paws suna motsawa daidai da matakin. Sai bayan an gama canza duk wata gabar jiki ne shugaban ya motsa wutsiyarsa zuwa wani sabon wuri.

Chameleons yana motsawa ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Suna ta yin tuntuɓe koyaushe, kamar dai yana musu wahala su tsaya. Koyaya, dabbar tana farauta da saurin walƙiya - harshe cikin sauri yana haɓakawa kuma yana kama wanda aka azabtar. Wadanda ke fama da cutar na iya ganin hawainiyar, amma ba su lura da ita ba saboda launi na musamman. Ko da ƙananan rawar jiki na dabba yayin motsi za'a iya ɗauka azaman motsin reshe a ƙarƙashin iska.

Yaya chameleon yayi farauta?

Mafi yawan chameleons basu da motsi. Idan ka lura da farauta, yana iya zama kamar kwari ba kwari kawai. Wannan jin yana faruwa ne saboda motsin hanzarin walƙiyar harshe. Harshen chameleon mai ikon harbi a nesa mai nisa ana iya ɗaukarsa ainihin mu'ujiza ce ta yanayi. Ainihin, girman harshen chameleons daidai yake da jiki duka.

Chameleon yana farauta

Saurin amsawa dabbar za ta iya zama abin mamaki kawai - idan aka kwatanta kwatancin ta ba a duk duniya. Idanun mutum bazai iya gyara tsari na harbi ba. Gashin harshen chameleon yayi kama da ƙaramin kibiya, a ƙarshen waccan ƙaramin kofin tsotsa. Ruwan tsotsa ya jike tare da takamaiman itace takaddara. Godiya gareshi, wanda aka azabtar ba zai iya cirewa ba kuma an shigar da shi nan da nan zuwa bakin majiya.

An gano irin wannan sifar na dabba a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sannan ya juya ya bayyana cewa chameleon bai iya kama ganima ba. Godiya ga iyawar farauta a nesa mai nisa, chameleons suna jin nisa mai nisa. Wadanda aka rasa ba za su jira yunƙurin harbi na gaba ba, saboda haka dole ne ku kama kwari nan da nan.

Me chameleons suke ci a yanayi?

Mafi yawancin abincin chameleons yana da ƙananan dabbobi da kwari. Wasu lokuta ƙaiƙanci na iya ciyar da wasu ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe da masu rarrafe. Manyan sarakuna suna iya ganima a cikin ɓoye, wasu lokuta tsuntsaye da wasu ƙananan dabbobi suna cikin abubuwan da suke ci. Chameleons na iya cin ganyen bishiyar, 'ya'yan itatuwa.

'Yan' yan tawayen bazai nemi halayen dabbobi masu guba ko kwari ba. Ko da tare da matsananciyar yunwar, wasps ko ƙudan zuma ba za su taɓa ƙararrakin ba. Chameleons basu taba tunanin cin wani yanki na 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus ba, berries, na iya cin kayan lambu mara tsayayye, ganyen dandelion, da sauransu.

Idanun Chameleon

Idanun dabbobi suna rufe da ƙananan sikeli masu kama da sauran fatar. Don haka, yanayin kallo a cikin dabba bashi da girma sosai. An iyakance shi da ƙaramar buɗe a gaban ɗalibin. Hakan ya faru ne domin kiyaye fargaba. Babu wata ma'ana a ɓatar da kanku kamar ganye idan kuna ganin fararen idanu daga gare su. Akwai cikakkun bayanai masu matukar wahala a cikin tsarin ido - chameleons baza su iya bincika manyan wurare a lokaci guda. Da alama sun yi rahõto a kan duniya a cikin karamin danna.

Pangolin shima yana da hanyar fita. Idon na iya zubewa ta kowace fuska. Saboda haka, dabbar zata iya bincika duk sararin da ke kusa da ita. Haka kuma, idanun suna iya zana daban. Idan makiyi ya gabato daga baya, chameleon din ma baya motsawa. Amma idanun a wannan lokacin za su kalli kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, hawainiya na iya lura da ganima tare da ido na biyu.

Sakamakon rashin hangen nesa, dabbar tana yawan juya idanuwanta a dukkan matakai. Kowane ido na iya rufe digiri 180 na kewayen. A cikin abin da aka gano ganima, ido na biyu ya haɗu da na farkon kuma yana tantance madaidaicin nisan zuwa wurin abin.
Yana da matukar wahala a fahimci tsarin daga waje. Don yin wannan, kai da kanka za ku kasance a wurin mai hawa biyu. Tare da irin wannan kayan farauta na halitta, chameleons ba za su iya motsawa na dogon lokaci - kawai ba sa buƙata. Dabba na iya rayuwa cikin natsuwa kan reshe, tana jiran sababbin waɗanda abin ya shafa.

Dansandan

Ana la'akari da chameleons na Panther mafi kyawun launuka, mai saurin motsa jiki. Matasa galibi ba rubutu bane. Koyaya, a tsawon lokaci, fatar jikinsu tana samun launuka iri daban daban masu launin shuɗi da launuka daban-daban. Manya sun kai kimanin santimita 52 a tsayi. Maza sun fi girma girma, ana iya bambance shi da launi mai haske.

Janar bayani

Wannan dabbar dabbar da ake kira da ita ana kiranta mutumin da ba shi da tushe balle ya canza ra'ayoyin sa cikin sauƙi gwargwadon halin da ake ciki. Chekhov ya kara suna a wannan hoton. Wataƙila saboda sanannen labarinsa, halayyar zuwa chameleon mutanenmu suna da ɗan rauni, amma ba su cancanci ba, kamar gwarzo na labarin Chekhov, satarmu.

Ba kamar mutane ba, chameleons, chameleon dabba bashi da lahani, aƙalla ga mutane. Babban fasalin chameleon shine masking na musamman - ikon canza launi da sauri a ƙarƙashin rinjayar launi na yanayi, haske, zazzabi. Wannan dabbar dabbar dabbar ce da uban alkalami ya yi amfani da ita. Ta canza launin fatar sa, chameleon ya zama ba ya ganuwa ga masu hasara. Irin wannan gurguwar hanya ce kawai ta kariya.

Tsohon mafi shahararren sanannen da aka samo a Turai (sami kimanin shekaru miliyan 26). Koyaya, chameleons tabbas sun girmi wannan (ana samun abubuwa sama da miliyan 100 da suka shude). Hakanan an samo burbushin a cikin Afirka da Asiya, kuma an yi imanin cewa hawainiya sun taɓa yaɗu sosai fiye da na yau. Zasu iya samun asalinsu a Madagascar, wanda a yau gida ne kusan rabin rabin nau'ikan wannan dangin, sannan suka watsu zuwa wasu yankuna.

Habitat

Chameleons mazauna ƙasashe masu ɗumi. Cibiyar bambance-bambancen jinsi shine Madagascar, inda akwai wasu nau'ikan halittu masu dumbin yawa da ba a gano su a bayan iyakokinta, da kuma shuwagabanni da yawa suna zaune a Afirka. A waje da wannan yankin, chameleons ne kawai za'a iya samu a Indiya, Sri Lanka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai (jinsin 1-2 kowannensu). Yawancin shuwagabannin suna zaune ne a cikin wuraren dazuzzukan ruwa na wurare masu zafi kuma ana yin su a rawanin bishiyoyi, wasu shuwagabannin Afirka suna jagoranci rayuwar ƙasa kuma suna zama a cikin zuriyar dabbobi ko tono rami a cikin hamada. Chameleons suna sanye da bakin ciki, sun mamaye karamin yanki, wanda ke gadi daga maƙwabta. Maza sun shigar da mata zuwa ga yankin su, kuma suna fitar da wasu maza. Chameleons suna tafiya da hankali, a hankali suna kama reshe tare da kafafunsu, sau da yawa suna juyawa da baya, wani lokacin sukan daskare akan rassan cikin rashin dadewa.

Nawa jinsin chameleons ke rayuwa a duniya

Akwai nau'ikan mutane 193 da ke da fa'ida. Madagascar an dauki matsayin wurin haifuwa, yanzu ana samun luwadi a Afirka, Kudancin Turai, a Amurka (Hawaii, Florida, California), Indiya, Sri Lanka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Mauritius. Babban ɓangaren an daidaita shi don zama a cikin bishiyoyi; yana gangara ƙasa kawai don wasannin tsalle tsalle ko don ganima mai ban sha'awa. Amma akwai waɗanda suke zaune a hamada da kuma kwari, dazuzzuka masu zafi da wurare masu tuddai, haƙa toka ko neman mafaka daga ganyayyaki da suka faɗi.

MUHIMMIYA! Sakamakon yaduwar ƙasar noma da kuma lalata iri 10 da ke fuskantar barazanar lalata, kusan 40 suna da kusancin samun wannan matsayin.

Menene chameleon yayi kama?

Duk wannan jama'a an rufe su da fata tare da m, lu'ulu'u kamar granules, yafa masa tubercles, thickenings da cigaban mafi girman yanayin. Akwai wasu shuwagabannin da suka sa kwalkwali na kwalkwali, ko dai a cikin kwalkwali-wuyan wuyan hannu ko kuma yin ado da ilimin kimiyansu da hanci mai kaifi Pinocchio. Wasu suna kewaye da kwasfan ido tare da layuka na lu'u-lu'u mai kama da kyakkyawa na hippie, wasu suna yin gindin ƙananan rhinos - tare da biyu, uku har ma da ƙaho huɗu!

A cikin dangi mai rarrafe, ana kiran chameleons da biri saboda ƙaunarsu na hawa bishiyoyi. Don wannan dalili, yanayi ya raba yatsun yatsunsu biyar zuwa yatsun biyu biyu da uku, an rufe shi da tsoratattun ƙoshin ƙoshin kare. Wutsiya mai sassauƙa ya cika komai - chaan’uwarsa da sauri ya ƙunshi tare da karkace a kusa da inda yake kusa.

Chameleon shine sarkin kamewa. Ba shi da sha'awar nuna kansa ga abin da yake farauta, ko ga waɗanda ke ɗaukar abin da zai ci - ga macizai da wasu manyan tsuntsayen. Chameleon shine zakaran gwajin dafi na rashin rayuwa. Zai iya daskarewa cikin ganye tsawon kwanaki, wani lokacin kuma makonni. Magana madaidaiciya, mai hawa zai iya aiki a matsayin Chimera a cikin majami'ar Gothic ta Turai. Amma chameleon yana da wasu manufofi: yana buƙatar saukar da warai.

A kan wannan batun, gwarzo namu yana amfani da dabarar wuce gona-da-iri tare da bayanin martaba. Cikakken fuska, yana da cikakkiyar lebur. Daga gefe, yana da bambanci daga asalin mahallin - ba wai saboda yana da ikon canza launinta yadda aka so ba, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani da kuskure, amma saboda ire-iren tsarin fatar, wanda ke ba shi damar narkewa cikin launukan daji.

Kariyar kai

Camouflage canza launi ba wai kawai yana taimaka wa hawainiyar ya kasance ba a gan shi ba yayin farauta, amma kuma kyakkyawan kariya ne ga abokan gaba. Canjin launi na chameleons yana da alaƙa da fasalin fasalin haɗin gwiwar su. Fuskokin fata na waɗannan dabbobin sun ƙunshi sinadarin chromatophores - sel da hatsi mai duhu, launin ruwan hoda da shuɗi. Lokacin da aka rage yawan ayyukan chromatophores, ana tattara hatsi a tsakiyar sel, fatar a cikin chameleon ta zama ta fari ko launin rawaya. Lokacin da aka canza launin duhu a cikin zaren fata na fata, sai ya zama baƙi. Bayyan sauran inuwa yana haifar da haɗuwa da launi na duka shimfida. Kuma sautunan launin kore suna fitowa ne sakamakon kwalliyar haskoki a cikin farfajiya, wanda ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u ne na guanine wanda ke jan haske. Haka kuma mai rarrabawa zai iya canza launi kowane sassan jikin mutum.

Siffar Fikihu

Sunan "chameleon" ya fito ne daga sunan wata halitta tatsuniya, tana canza kamannin ta. Koyaya, ikon canza launi da sauri dangane da launi na abubuwanda ke kewaye ba shine kawai halayen halayen babban mutum ba. Tsarin halittar da ba sabon abu ga gabobin hangen nesa shima ya cancanci kulawa. Idanun chameleon suna da girma da kuma zagaye, suna zagaye da ciwan ido na shekara, a tsakiyar wanda akwai karamin rami ga ɗalibin. Idanun mutum yayi gaba daya baya xayansu. Idanun da yardar kaina juya 180 ° a kwance kuma 90 ° a tsaye. Jikin chameleons yana matse sosai daga ɓangarorin. Shugaban yana da kamannin kwalkwali, an kawata shi da gadaje da tufke-sarke. Kafafu suna da tsayi. Yatsun ya ƙare da kaifi mai kaifi. Guan gama gari yana amfani da wutsiyarsa mai ƙarfi kamar sashin layi na biyar.

Farauta

Saboda harshe mai ƙarfi da idanunsu suna jujjuya abubuwa ta fuskoki daban-daban, chameleons sune mafarauta masu nasara. Sun lura da wanda aka azabtar, suna karkatar da idonta duka biyu kuma suna harba da harshenta a nata hanya. Garshin harshen yana ɗaukar kamannin ƙoƙo, kwaro da aka kama ya shiga kai tsaye zuwa bakin wannan mummunan juyar. Hakanan yana taimakawa farauta wanda harshe yakeyi kamar mai maye. Wannan yana hana wanda aka azabtar dashi kowane damar samun ceto. Auki yana ɗauki kashi goma na sakan na biyu. Harshen zai iya riƙe abincin da nauyinsa ya kai gram 50, kuma yana iya ɗaukar matsayin da zai sami damar rikitar da kwayar dake gefen gefen takardar. Chameleons suna jiran ganima cikin haƙuri, suna zaune na awanni a cikin yanayin yin motsi. Amma duk wannan ba yana nufin cewa sun kasance masu raunin hankali ba ne: idan ya cancanta, chameleons ba zai iya gudana da sauri ba, har ma suna yin tsalle-tsalle na itace.

Ban sha'awa! Chameleons suna da hangen nesa mai kyau na dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna iya ganin koda karamin kwari daga nesa daga mita 10.

Siffofin Yaduwa

Yawancin chameleons suna oviparous. Ana sanya ƙwai a ƙasa a cikin rami na musamman. Yawan qwai a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban sun haɗu daga 15 zuwa 80, kuma lokacin shiryawa shine daga watanni 3 zuwa 10.

Akwai 'yan kalilan masu viviparous, galibi waɗannan dabbobi ne waɗanda suke zaune a tsaunuka. Mace ta haifi 'ya'ya 14. Wannan na faruwa kai tsaye a kan rassan bishiyoyi. Newan jarirai ba sa faɗuwa saboda ƙanƙan da ƙanƙara mai ƙwaya, da ƙamshi, wanda a wani lokaci yakan ɗaure su zuwa ga rassan.

Parthenogenetic jinsunan ana samun su a tsakanin chameleons - maza basa nan saboda haka, mace na kwance ƙwayayen da ba a haɗa su ba, daga abin da yake ƙyanƙyashe ƙasan al'ada.

A cikin zaman talala, yawancin masoya sukanyi irin wannan nau'in kamar Chamaeleo calyptratus.

Tsawon rayuwar chameleons ya dogara da girman su. Speciesananan jinsuna suna rayuwa na shekaru 2-3, babba, kamar su janar Jackson ko panther, har zuwa shekaru 10.

Hangen nesa da sauran sifofi

Chameleons suna da girma hadaddun idanu. Ruwan ƙyallen ya buɗe, amma akwai ramuka don ɗalibin.

SANARWA! Masana ilimin likitancin Isra’ila sun tabbatar da cewa hangen nesa mai canzawa ba rikitarwa bane. Kodayake idanun suna motsawa kai tsaye 180 digiri a kwance kuma 90 a tsaye.

Waƙwalwar Hemisphere yana da ingantaccen gyara wanda zai baka damar bin maƙasudai 2.

Idanun da ke gefen bangarorin suna ganin babban hoto..

• Isayan yana kallon yiwuwar ganima.
• Wani yana bin yanayin.

MUHIMMIYA! A lokacin harin, duka biyun suna kallon wanda aka azabtar, nesa da wanda aka ƙaddara shi sosai.

Lizards sun bambanta kusancin abubuwa. Wasu sun sami damar gani a cikin yanayin ultraviolet, wanda ke sauƙaƙe bincika dangi da abin da ke cikin duhu.

Yemeni Chameleon

Wani babban dansandan, wanda ya kai tsawon cm 60. Kamar panmememeons, maza sun fi girma da launi mai haske. Halin halayyar wannan nau'in chameleon shine babban crest dinta, wanda yake kan kai, ya girma zuwa 7-8 cm. A cikin launinsa, an jawo hankalin mai ratsin launin rawaya 3 akan tarnaƙi, kowane ɗayan an yi wa ado da ruwan lemu mai launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa. Ba kamar sauran jinsunan ba, maza na masu mulkin Yemen sun fi ƙarfin rikici, a wasu lokuta ana samun sabani tsakanin su na rayuwa da mutuwa. Suna zaune a tsaunukan Yemen da Saudi Arabia.

Scalloped Chameleon

Wannan nau'in ya samo sunan ne saboda sifar sifar siyar fasalin sifar da take a baya. A kansa, yana da kamannin kwalkwali da aka yi wa ado da kyawawan sikeli masu launin shuɗi. Yana da launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko launin baki, mace tana da kore. Tsawon tsintsin jikin mutum shine 20-25 cm yana zaune a Yammacin Afirka.

Jackson's Chameleon

Wannan karen kore mai haske yana da ikon canza launin sa da sauri, juya zuwa shuɗi ko rawaya. Ainihin kamara na gaske. Ya bambanta da sauran shuwagabanni a gaban ƙaho uku masu launin ruwan kasa waɗanda ke kan hanci da tsakanin idanu. Tsawon jikin wannan nau'in yakai cm 30. Yana zaune a dazuzzukan daji na gabashin Afirka.

Damert chameleon

Kasancewar yana zaune ne kawai a cikin yankunan hamada na Angola da Namibia, wannan hawa ta dace da rayuwar da ta dace a yankuna masu bushewa. Yana canza launuka ba wai don kawai ya ɓatar da kansa daga abokan gaba ba, har ma don daidaita zafin jiki. Tsawon jiki shine 16 cm.

Gumalar gama gari

Mafi mashahuri wakilin babban dangin chameleon. Tana zaune a yanki mai faɗi: daga dazuzzukan Siriya, Indiya da Arabia har zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Yana da kusan 30 cm tsayi. Launin fata na iya zama mai tabo ko lafazi, yawanci launin kore ne mai haske, amma yana iya juya launin rawaya da ja mai haske (dangane da buƙata)

Babban Gizon

Babban gizon dake zaune a tsibirin Madagascar sananne ne saboda wannan shine mafi girma a duniya. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai cm 68. Yana da jikin launin ruwan kasa, mai launin shuɗi, kore da launin shuɗi.

Kun yanke shawarar samun shugabar

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, chameleons sun daina zama mai ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin tarin ma'aikatan ma'aikatan jirgin saman Rasha. Shigo da wadannan dabbobi daga kasashen waje ya karu, kuma akwai karin littattafai kan abin da suke ciki.

Farashin kasuwa na chameleons ya samo asali daga 20 da ake kira rubles mai ban sha'awa ga jarirai zuwa 650 rubles ga wasu nau'ikan da ba a sani ba.

Kafin ka fara dansandan, kayi tunani ko zaka iya kirkirar masa halayen da suka dace. Zai fi kyau samun dabba na kiwo na wucin gadi. Kada ku sayi dabbobi masu rauni ko mara lafiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba za a iya warke su ba.

Zai fi dacewa a sami kwarewa akan nau'ikan “halittu masu sauki”, misali, akan chameleon talakawa (Chamaeleo chamaeleo) ko Сhamaeleo calyptratus. Rashin nau'in jinsin, shine mafi wahalar yanayi don kiyayewa. Don haka, chameleons mai kyau suna buƙatar terrarium na musamman tare da na'urar sanyaya mai tsada.

Idan za ta yiwu, bincika ko dabbobin da aka sayan suna da parasites na waje ko na ciki. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kowane hawainiya da aka kama a yanayi yana da nau'ikan helminth na ciki. Wadannan helminth, hade da damuwa da rashin ruwa a jikin dabba yayin wata doguwar tafiya daga nahiyar zuwa nahiyar, na raunana tsarin garkuwar jikin sa. Wadannan chameleons suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.

Yadda za a zabi chameleon lafiya?

Idan ka yanke shawarar fara keɓaɓen ɗan Yemen, to, zai fi kyau ka siya shi a babban kantin sayar da dabbobi na ƙwararru, akalla watanni uku. A wannan zamani ne dukkanin lahani na haihuwa suka bayyana, hade da gaskiyar cewa kusan dukkanin "shuwagabannin" suna ɗaukar tsohuwar jini a cikin kansu, kasancewa junan dangi ne daga iyayen biyu. Yawancin shuwagabanni suna mutuwa da ƙuruciya, waɗanda ke da watanni 3-4, suna da damar samun cikakken rayuwa tare da kulawa da ta dace.

Lokacin sayen, tabbatar da bincika idanun dabba, ya kamata su kasance a bude kuma kullun cikin motsi, idanun rufewa suna nuna dabbar da ta raunana, kuma idanuwan da suka haskaka suna nuna tsananin rashin ruwa.

Hanyoyin chameleon ya zama mai lebur, ya kamata ya motsa da karfi ba tare da wata wahala ba. Duk wani karkacewa na nuni da karancin alli a jiki da matsaloli tare da tsarin kasala.

Idan launi na chameleon ya yi duhu sosai, ba mai haske sosai ko ma launin toka - wannan alama ce ta rashin lafiya ko zazzabi sosai, wanda kuma zai iya cutar da ci gaba. Kula da bakin chameleon ta bakin - kada a sami mai da hankali na kore mai launin shuɗi-kore a launi. Don hawainiya ta buɗe bakin ta, kawai ku kama ta a hannunka kuma ka taƙaita motsi. Mai ba da shawara zai fara murmurewa, kuma za ku sami damar bincika rami na baka. Kada kuji tsoron matse jaya daga bangarorin don gyara bakin a bude.

Kulawar Gida

Domin chameleon ya zauna cikin kwanciyar hankali a gida, ya kamata ku sayi exoterrarium na musamman don shi: a tsaye, lita 100-120 a girma. An sanya fitilu 2 a ciki: na farko - tare da radiation na ultraviolet, na biyu - ana amfani dashi don kunna iska.

Na dabam, kuna buƙatar kulawa da dumama kasan terrarium da dare. Gidan mazaunin chameleon ya haɗa da ƙaramin tafki mai rahusa, mafi dacewa da mamaye the ɗaukacin yankin filayen. Abubuwa masu mahimmanci na kayan ado zasu kasance itace (dangane da girman dabbar da filin shakatawa, ɗaukar reshe ko duka snag) da rayuwa ko shimfidar wuri na wucin gadi. Yana da mahimmanci don shirya kyakkyawan iska a cikin gidan don hawainiyar.

Dole ne ku tsabtace irin wannan terrarium sau ɗaya a kowane kwanaki 2 (idan kun kasance masu laushi kuma kuyi ƙasa da shi sau da yawa, microflora na pathogenic zai iya haɓakawa a gidan ku, wanda yake da lahani ga kowane irin mai rarrafe).

Shawarwarin kan zazzabi a cikin exterrarium: gaba ɗaya - ya kamata ya zama digiri 22-24, kai tsaye ƙarƙashin asalin dumama - digiri 30-32. An kiyaye zafi a cikin kewayon 30-50%. Fitilar ultraviolet yana kunna tsawon awa 6-8 a rana.

Idan kana son samun mutum biyu a lokaci daya, bai kamata ka sanya su a cikin wani yanki na gama gari ba: chameleons sun saba wa danginsu (lokacin da za su dace da juna) - saboda haka, kowane dangi na iya zama makiyi, kuma makwabta na iya kawo karshen zubar da jini. Tsara su daban wurare don zama.

Habitat

Suna rayuwa ne galibi akan bishiyoyi. Anan, godiya ga dogayen kafafunsu, bakin ciki da kuma karfi sosai, suna tafiya lafiya daga wannan reshe zuwa wani. Amma kuma suna iya shirya gida a cikin bushes ko, wanda yake shi ne na ƙananan samfurori, tsakanin bunches ciyawa. Yanayinsa na asali shine gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, savannas, dunes masu tarin yawa.

Mahimmanci! Guadon yana zaɓar wurare a cikin kusancin kusa da tafkunan.

Gumalar ta gama gari tana zaune ne a arewacin Afirka, a kudanci Kudancin Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain, Faransa da kuma wasu tsibiran Rum (Sicily, Sardinia, Crete). A cikin Turai, wurin da aka fi so shi ne gandun daji na Pine.

Launi da canzawa

Wannan shine ainihin ikon canza launi, haɗawa tare da yanayi, godiya ga siffar kwaikwayon. Ya dogara da zafin jiki, haske da motsin zuciyar dabba.

Mahimmanci! Saboda wannan fasalin, da yawa daga cikin 'yan asalin Afirka suna daukar chamele a matsayin manzo tsakanin masarautan da rayayyu da masarauta.

Canza launuka na dabbobi shine mafi yawancin, kuma gaba daya ya dogara da mazauni. Launuka na yau da kullun: kore, rawaya, launin toka da launin ruwan kasa.

Jima'i da haifuwa

Ana iya ganin bambancin Jima'i a tsakanin shuwagabannin, kuma maza yawanci “sanye suke” sama ta halitta. Suna sanye da ƙahoni da crests.

Wani alamar ƙudurin jima'i shine wutsiya tushen thickening a cikin maza maza.

Duka mata da maza suna canza launi yayin balaga. Amma ba da yawa ba don dacewa da yanayin, amma don gamsar da abokin zama na gaba.

Tunani! Maza suna samun launi mai haske, kuma mace, akasin haka, sun zama duhu sosai.

Mace ta sanya ƙwai a ƙarshen bazara, har guda 40, ta ɓoye su kusa da itacen da take zaune a kanta. Lokacin yin girki na iya zama daban, daga watanni da yawa zuwa shekara guda.

Cutar Kwalara da Matsalar Kiwon Lafiya

Siffofin fasalin jikin wadannan halittu masu rikitarwa kai tsaye suna tasiri kasancewar cututtukan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin muhallinsu. A zahiri, sau da yawa suna yin rashin lafiya saboda matsaloli tare da kwayar idanu (da suka hada da kayan aikin musculo-ligamentous of the idanu), ƙonewa, raunin gastrointestinal, rashin bitamin da ma'adanai a cikin jiki, wanda ke haifar da rickets ko wasu malfunctions a cikin daidaita ma'aunin dabbobi.

Rashin damuwa da gaskiyar cewa cututtukan dabbobi suna faruwa cikin hanzari kuma suna haɓaka cikin sauri - saboda haka, ƙarancin taimako na ƙoshin lafiyar dabbobi na iya haifar da mutuwar chameleon har ma daga mummunan rashin lafiyar.

Har ila yau, halayen maye na abinci shima zai yuwu, wanda yawanci yakan haifar dashi ta hanyar shayarwa da kullun. Bayyanar alamun bayyanar wannan yanayin su ne jigilar mahaifa, asarar abinci, maƙarƙashiya. Idan chameleon ya raunana rigakafi, ba a cire cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo daya. Lokacin da kuka lura da alamomi irin su tari (hanzari kawar da yiwuwar cutar huhu, tunda masu ruwayoyi basu yarda da canje-canjen zafin jiki ba, zayyana da sanyi), tozartawa, rashin tausayi da shuru, to tabbas mafi yawancin kuliyoyin ku suna fama da mamayar mama. Ana iya lura da wannan matsalar a cikin waɗannan shuwagabannin da aka kama cikin daji kafin su shiga cikin gidan sayar da dabbobi.

Yakamata a tsoratar da masu mallakar dabba ta hanyar 'yar karamar keta hadaddiyar dabiar mutumin barawo - wannan wani lamari ne da za a tuntuɓi likitan dabbobi nan da nan. Yin la'akari da ƙayyadaddun waɗannan halittu masu rauni, ƙwararrun masu mallakin dabbobi masu rarrafe kai tsaye za su kawo abincin su wurin likitan dabbobi, kuma ba ga likitan dabbobi da muka saba da su: kawai wannan ƙwararren masaniyar dabbobi a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe na iya bayar da isasshen taimako da ƙwararrun masanin mara lafiya.

Chameleon: kwatanci da kwatanci. Menene dabbar ta yi kama?

Chameleon yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan maye a duniya. Tsawon chameleon yakai cm 30, mafi girman chameleons yayi girma zuwa 65-68 cm, girman karamar ƙanƙan daji bai wuce 3-5 cm ba misali, tsayin macijin maza Brookesia micra tare tare da jela shine 2.2-2.3 cm, kuma jimlar jimlar babban ta hawainiya Furcifer oustaleti shine 50-68 cm.

A jikin emeatedated na chameleon galibi ana yin ado da shi tare da dogayen siyoyi masu ƙyalƙyali waɗanda ke fadada tare da tsawon tsawon kashin baya ko kuma suna kan kansa kawai.

Ana rarrabe waɗannan alamura ta kwanyar da ake yi wa kwalkwali tare da ɗigon ƙarfe.

Za a iya yiwa shugaban mutum hukuncin da madaidaicin ƙasusuwa - ƙwanƙwasa ƙaho ko kaho mai kaifi.

Mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su da irin waɗannan kayan adon.

Mearfin chameleon yana da tsawo, yatsotsin yatsan kafa suna samar da nau'i na "maƙaru", tare da taimakon wanda ya dace don hawa bishiyoyi, ɗaukar rassan.

Yawancin masu iya magana, masu rayuwa musamman akan bishiyoyi, suna da doguwar dogaye mai fadi, wacce kuma ake amfani da ita wajen hawan hawa. Yankin ƙasa na chameleons, a mafi yawan ɓangaren, gajere ne.

Wani fasali na chameleons shine idanunsu, an rufe su da ƙyalli tare da ƙaramin rami don ɗalibin.

Ana iya ganin duk abu mai zagaye ta hanyar daidaituwa da daidaituwa na hagu da idanun dama, wanda ke taimakawa da yawa cikin farauta mai nasara.

Harshen chameleon yana sanye da farar shaye shaye wanda yake a ƙarshensa. Yayin farauta, Chameleon yana zaune a hankali ba a hankali, a hankali yana motsa idanunsa, kuma a lokacin harin ya jefa harshen sa a gefen wanda aka azabtar. Hanyar kama ganima da mayar da harshe zuwa bakin yana daukar abin da bai wuce rabin na biyu ba. Kuma zubar da harshe yana faruwa ne a cikin 1/20 na sakan. Sabili da haka, a cikin 3 seconds, maƙaryaci na iya kama 4 waɗanda aka azabtar.

Idan ganima yana da wahala a riƙe ta da harshe, a gaba in wani mutum ya sha wuya ya sadu da bakinsa a irin waɗannan girma. Tsawon harshen shi kusan 1.5-2 tsayin maƙarya ne da kansa.

Rayuwar Chameleon

Kusan rayuwar rayuwar chameleon tana faruwa a cikin rassan bishiyoyi masu daɗi ko shuki. Da kyar yake gangarowa zuwa doron kasa, yawanci yayin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin ko lura da ganima mai tsananin gaske. Motsa ƙasa ƙasa a kan ƙafafun wani nau'in kaman kamanniya mai wuya yana da wahala, amma a kambi na itace irin wannan 'kayan aiki', haɗe da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, yana da matukar muhimmanci da amfani.

Guadalle yana da kuzari kuma mai haɓakawa: yana fifita yin motsi kaɗan kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma yana da ikon yin awanni ba tare da canza matsayin da ya amince da shi ba, ta hanyar dogara da kafaɗun sa da wutsiya a kusa da reshe. Gaskiya ne, a yayin da ake fargabar barazanar, yana gudu da sauri kuma yana tsalle.

Nau'in chameleons, sunaye da hotuna

Tsarin yanzu na chameleons yana da jana'izar 11, wanda jinsin 193 suka kafa. Bayani mai zuwa bayanin kwatancen yawancin chameleons ne:

• Dansandan(Furcifer pardalis)

Daya daga cikin nau'ikan launuka masu haske da launuka daban-daban. Matasan chameleons suna da launin fatar launin toka, amma samfuran gwaji na jima'i suna samun launuka iri-iri da launuka masu launin shuɗi, ja da turquoise. Jimlar jiki na tsofaffi kusan 52 cm ne, tare da maza sun ɗan fi girma fiye da na mace kuma suna da launuka masu haske. Pantherme chameleon ya samo sunan ne saboda yawan wurare mara kyau a ɓangarorin sa.

Tsarin halitta, dabi'a ce da ke zaune a tsibirin Madagascar da tsibiran Tekun Indiya mafi kusa da ita. Ya fi son zama a kan bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Panther Chameleon yana daya daga cikin shahararrun masu shayarwa na cikin gida kuma zasu iya rayuwa cikin fursuna har zuwa shekaru 4.

• Yemeni Chameleon(Chamaeleo calyptratus)

Yankunan manyan lamuran da ke girma zuwa cm 60 a tsayi. Maza sun fi girma ga mace mai hawa biyu kuma mafi launuka: 3 rawaya mai launin toka a gefunan, kowannensu an yi wa ado da ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa, masu ban sha'awa. A saman maza akwai babban tudu, wanda yake girma zuwa 7-8 cm. Maza sun kasance jinsin mutane na chameleons mai saurin fushi, kuma faɗaɗa jini tsakanin abokan hamayya yawanci yana ƙare da mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi.

Sarakunan Yemen suna zaune a tsaunuka a yankuna na Yemen da Saudi Arabia. Sun fi son su daidaita a kan Acacia da milkweed, chameleons suna ciyar da ganyayyaki, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, kuma sun haɗu da crickets, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma mashaya. Tare da keɓaɓɓe na ɓarna, chaan wasan Yemen koyaushe ana amfani da shi azaman terrarium dabba.

• Scalloped Chameleon(Trioceros cristatus)

Lizaka, wata sifa mai kyau wacce ta zama babban tseren fanko mai hade da kashin baya. "Kwalkwali" a saman maza suna yin ado da kyawawan sikeli masu launin shuɗi. Babban launi na jikin mutum na sihiri, launin baƙi ne ko launin ruwan kasa, mace yawanci kore ce. Tsawon jikin mutum yakai 20-25 cm.

Scalloped chameleons suna zaune ne a Yammacin Afirka, a cikin kasashe kamar Najeriya, Kamaru, Ghana, Togo. Wakilan nau'ikan jinsin sun fi son zama kusa da ƙasa, a cikin ciyawa da kuma ƙananan ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi, inda farauta, ciyayi da tsintsaye matasa.

• Jackson's Chameleon(Kawasaki jacksonii)

Chameleon mai haske mai haske wanda ke canzawa da sauri zuwa shuɗi ko rawaya. An bambanta maza ta ƙaho mai launin 3: ɗayan yana girma akan hanci, biyu tsakanin idanu. Tsawon jikin mutum yakai 30 cm.

Ya fi son gandun daji, danshi mai sanyi na ɓangaren gabashin Afirka.

• Damert chameleon(Chamaeleo namaquensis)

Yana raye ne kawai a cikin hamada a cikin yankunan Namibia da Angola a kan Afirka. An daidaita shi don zama a cikin yanayin bushewa, wakilan nau'in sun canza launi zuwa mafi girma don daidaita zafin jiki.

Tsawon jikin ɗan mace ya kai 16 cm, maza kaɗan sun zama kaɗan. Abincin da masarautar jeji ta ƙunshi kwari ne, macizai masu matsakaici, gwanaye da kunama.

• Chameleon(Chamaeleo chamaeleon)

Ofaya daga cikin jinsunan da aka fi sani da suna zaune a cikin gandun daji da hamada na arewacin Afirka, Siriya, Indiya, Arabia da Sri Lanka. Tsawon jikin chameleon ya kai 30 cm, kuma launi na fata na iya zama mai laushi ko tabo: duhu kore, ja mai haske ko rawaya.

Abincin chameleons na wannan nau'in nau'in kwari ne da sauran abubuwa, waɗanda suke rayuwa da yawa a kan ciyawa.

• ChameleonCalumma tarzan

Wani nau'in tsiran tsiran kore wanda aka samo a arewa maso gabashin Madagascar kusa da ƙauyen Tarzanville. Masana ilimin kimiyya waɗanda suka gano laƙabi da gangan sun ambaci jinsin da sunan Tarzan, suna fatan za su ƙara fahimtar al'umar yankin dangane da kiyaye ɗabi'ar mazaunan al'adun da ba a san su ba. Tsawon jikin tsofaffi tare da wutsiya shine 11.9-15 cm.

• Chameleon Furcifer labordi

Kyakkyawan nau'in kumbon Madagascar, wanda jarirai suka sami damar haɓaka girma cikin sau 4-5 a cikin watanni 2, don haka kasancewa masu riƙe da rikodin girma a cikin dabbobin da ke tafiya akan ƙafa 4.

Maza suna girma zuwa 9 cm, mace har zuwa 7 cm tsayi. Furcifer labordi chameleons suna rayuwa ne kawai da watanni 4-5, suna kwanciya ƙwai da mutuwa kafin a haifi zuriyarsu.

• Chameleon Brookesia micra

Karami karami a duniya. Kari akan haka, wannan chameleon shine mafi karancin ciyawar da kuma mafi kankanta a duniyar sama.

Tsawon jikin mutum ya bambanta daga 2.3 zuwa 2.9 cm, kuma mace tayi ɗan girma fiye da maza. An gano nau'in ne kawai a cikin 2007 a tsibirin Nosu Hara. A cikin yanayi mai nutsuwa, chameleon duhu ne mai launin shuɗi, idan akwai haɗari, wutsiyarsa ta yi launin toka, kuma an rufe jikinta da launin toka-kore.

• Babban Gizon(Furcifer oustaleti)

Daya daga cikin manyan shugabanni a duniya. A total jiki tsawon na manya ne 50-68 cm. The ruwan kasa jiki na kadangaru da aka warwatse da rawaya, da kore da kuma ja aibobi.

Mahimmanci daga tsibirin Madagascar. Gujiya tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan dazuka, inda take cin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye masu matsakaitan matsakaici, masu ruwa da kwari da yardan rai.

Chameleon kiwo

Yawancin shuwagabannin sun fi son tsarin rayuwa ne kawai, kodayake wasu maza sun sami matsala sosai a lokacin haila wanda ya ƙunshi mata da yawa.

Mafi yawancin nau'in chameleons suna haihuwa sau 2 a shekara. Lokacin mating yana farawa tare da gwagwarmaya na maza ga mace. A yayin gwagwarmaya mai wahala, lokacin da abokan hamayya suka yi kaho tare da kaho kuma suka ciji juna, abokan adawar da ke da rauni na iya yin mummunan rauni ko kashe su.

Matan da ke sanya kwai-kwai-kwai-kwai suna sanya 15 zuwa 60 qwai ta hanyar tono su a cikin yashi, kuma kowane mutum da ke rayuwa akan bishiyoyi ya rataye masinar a jikin rassan. Lokacin shiryawa shine daga watanni 3 zuwa 10. Tsarin nau'in Viviparous da ovoviviparous suna fitowa daga ƙwararrun 5 zuwa 15, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar sun riga sun sami damar sake haihuwa.

A halin yanzu, mutane da yawa suna so su sayi chameleon. Musamman nau'in sanannun nau'ikan don kiyayewa a gida sune Yemme da Panther chameleons. Don lizz, yana da buqatar kirkiro yanayi gwargwadon yanayin da zai yiwu ga yanayin yanayin kurmin. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar filin ƙasa mai sarari sanannu da fitilar ultraviolet tare da ikon kula da tsarin zafin jiki daga digiri +28 zuwa +32 yayin rana da digiri +25 da dare. Ana samun daskararrewar kusan kashi 60% ta hanyar fesa kullun ko kuma famfon da ke samar da magudanar ruwa lokaci-lokaci.

Terrarium

Coveredasan terrarium an rufe ta da yashi, sphagnum ko vermiculite. A ciki, yakamata ya zama akwai isasshen rassa da kuma wasu tsire-tsire don mai shayarwa ya hau su. Ruwan da yake faɗowa akan ganyayyaki daga famfon zai zama tushen danshi ga mai hawa, in ba haka ba zaku sha ruwan dabbar daga sirinjin filastik, saboda ƙwararrun masu liziya ba su san yadda za su sha daga kwano ba, amma suna laushi da danshi da harshensu kuma su sha shi da jikinsu, kamar mai hura wuta.

Ta yaya za a ciyar da hawainiya?

Ciyar da chameleon a gida sau 2 a rana. Don cikakken abinci, crickets, waxworms, kwari fruita andan itace da sauran kwari - 'yan kamshi, ciyayi, gwoza, barawo, kwari, sun dace. Sau 2-3 a mako, ana cakuda ruwan bitamin-ma'adinin dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin abincin. Abincin shuka ya ƙunshi ganyen ganyayyaki kore, ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban. Domin dabbobi a koyaushe suna da abincin dabbobi, wasu masu kansu suna da kwari iri iri, haka kuma suna ciyar da dabbobin gida manya da ƙanana.