.1. Bwararrun tanade-tanade sune tushen ciyawar daji daga dangin finch.
2. Abu ne mai sauqin rarrabe klests daga sauran 'yan uwansa.
3. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da baƙon sabon abu wanda yake tare da g ves rabi tare da juna. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa beak yana da ƙarfi sosai, waɗannan tsuntsayen zasu iya karya rassan spruce, mazugi ko haushi bishiya.
4. Gashin crossbill ya dace sosai don cire tsaba daga abubuwan mashaya.
5. Duk tsubin tsarukan dake zaune a yankin Arewa. Da yawa suna dauke su tsuntsayen taiga. Amma wannan ba gaba ɗaya gaskiya bane. Klest tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Eurasia, Amurka da Afirka.
6. Labaran tsage-tsaki ta halayen su, bayanan waje da mazauninsu sun kasu kashi biyu, wanda mafi yawansu shine tsintsaye mara nauyi, gwanayen fuka-fukai da giya mai hade da fari.
7. A kan iyakar Rasha dukkan nau'ikan wannan tsuntsu guda suna rayuwa: guntun tsako, tsintsiyar bishiya da kuma gwanayen fuka-fukan.
8. Dukansu na farko da na biyu suna rayuwa ne a cikin gandun daji gauraya cikin kusanci. Wataƙila su kansu ba sa bambance juna. Yanayin rayuwar su, wakokin aure da sauran lamura suna da kama sosai.
9.Amma a yanzu, wadannan kayan musayar suna wasu launuka daban-daban: fuka-fukan itacen bishiya tana da launi mai launin shuda, yayin da itacen bishiyar-itacen yana da launi mai launi wanda ba mai haske sosai kuma yana da farin launi.
10. Sosnovik yana da mafi kyawun bayyanar, brisket yana da fadi, gindi kuma ya fi kyau.
KLEST - HANYA
11. Wasu masana game da ilimin dabbobi suna ɗaukar rarrabuwar gwal a cikin bishirai da bishiyoyin ba da kuskure. Sosnovik - ɗayan zaɓi don itacen fir, wanda ya fi son cin abinci a kan tasoshin itacen rafi.
12. Duk nau'in tsallake-tsallake yana jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Kuna iya ganinsu ko'ina. Suna neman abinci, suna sauri suna tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri a cikin manyan garkuna da hayaniya.
13. Waɗannan tsuntsayen ba manya-manya ba - kimanin santimita 17, kamar manyan gizo-gizo. An raba wutsiya kashi biyu, ragon beak yana lankwasa kuma an haye shi a rufe.
14. Kafafun waɗannan tsuntsayen gajere ne kuma masu ƙarfi. Wannan yana bawa tsuntsu damar rataye shi kuma yana riƙe cones masu nauyi.
15. Maza da mata sun sha bamban da launi. Maza suna da launin ruwan hoda mai haske ko ja-ruwan lemo na ɓangaren ciki, baya da wuya, fuka-fuki da wutsiya yawanci launin toka-mai-haske
Mace - KLESTOV
16. A cikin kayan mata, ana amfani da fuka-fukai masu launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi.
17. A farkon shekaru ukun rayuwa, rawanin waɗannan tsuntsayen ana yin su ne kawai. A lokacin ƙuruciya, fikalolinsu launin toka ne.
18. baukar nauyin gwal na namiji shine giram 35-40, kuma mace ita ce gram 30-35. Wingspan - har zuwa santimita 30. Tsawon kowane reshe shine 9-10 santimita, wutsiyar ta zama santimita 6-8, kashin yakai santimita 2, gemun kuma shine santimita 1.5-2.
19. Akwai wata tatsuniya cewa lokacin da aka gicciye Yesu, saƙar kashe takobi da ƙusoshin gingi-gugu sun tashi zuwa wurinsa. The bullfinch karya ƙaya a kan wani ƙaya alkama kuma stained kan nono. Kuma ɗan gwal ɗin ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da ƙusoshin da aka giciye Almasihu, amma ɗan tsuntsu bai yi nasara ba, ya rufe baki kawai. Allah ya yi godiya ga tsuntsu ya kuma gabatar da kaddarorin daban daban.
20. Lallai ne, idan aka kulle, beken tsuntsu ya zama gicciye. Batun gusar da hankali ba zai mutu ba bayan mutuwa, kuma yakan tsinke kajin a cikin hunturu ta hanyar Kirsimeti. Tabbas, akwai bayanin kimiyya game da komai, amma wannan baya ɓoye daga asirin sa.
WHITE-Wing CLESTS
21. Abubuwan fashewa sune tsuntsayen dake iya yin sanyi-sanyi, yawancin lokuta sukan tsinke kajin har ma da lokacin sanyi na digo talatin.
22. Abubuwan talla mai fuka-fukai masu fuka-fuki har ma sun sami damar yin waka a zazzabi na digiri 50.
23. Waƙar wannan tsuntsun tana ɗan kama da cakuda twitter da yiyi. Sunan "crossbill" ya fito ne daga sauti "manne-manne" wanda suka kirkira.
24. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna raira waƙa, suna tashi sama kawai, suna zaune a kan rassa, sun yi shuru.
25. Maganin giciye ba shine tsuntsu mai ƙaura ba. Koyaya, tsarin ringing ya rubuta daidaikun mutane waɗanda suka haɗu kilomita 3,000.
26. Gidajen su ya dogara da amfanin gona na cones - wannan shine babban abincin abinci.
27. Kullum suna neman wuraren da zasu ci riba. Gashinsu ya sa ya zama mai sauƙin fitar tsaba. Wadancan wuraren da tsinkewar kwayoyi suna rayuwa koyaushe a cikin kwayoyi.
28. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun fi son itacen ci, da guda-iri da gandun daji gauraye, amma ba sa zama a cikin gandunan itacen al'ul.
29. Sau da yawa, guntun tsaka-tsalle suna gina sheƙunansu a saman bishiyoyi, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna motsawa da sauri, suna hawa daidai akan akwati kuma da wuya su gangara zuwa ƙasa.
30. Sun gina sheƙun furannin daga lagwarin haske; ƙasa an rufe shi da ƙoshin wuta, lemo da gashin fuka-fukai.
31. A cikin damƙar kwaƙa 3 zuwa 5, mace tana ƙin kajin, namiji zai kawo abincinsa.
32. Mai ban sha'awa, amma lankwasa baki na kaji an kafa shi ne kawai daga mako na 4, kafin hakan ya zama al'ada ko da.
33. Masubbuttuka masu ban sha'awa suna ciyar da 'ya'yansu: ba sa saka baki a cikin kuli, amma suna jefa dunkulen abinci. Idan mai giciye ya rasa, sai ya tara dunƙule abinci ya sake gwadawa.
34. Guraren wuraren waɗannan tsuntsayen ba su da daidaituwa, saboda waɗannan tsuntsayen suna tashi kullun neman abinci.
35. Babu wani dalilin da zai sa tsintsayen kwayoyi su tsoratar da masu farauta, saboda cin cona conan Cones yakan cika jikin tsuntsayen da resins kuma yana sanya abin haushi.
36. Amma waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa sauka a ƙasa, sun fi ƙarfin bayyana a kan rassan. Sukan yi ta fama cikin rashi har abada cikin itatuwan neman abinci.
37. Gemun almara yana taimaka musu, saboda nau'ikan musamman wanda ake kiransu da su arewacin arewaci.
38. Crossbill wani tsuntsu ne mai daskarewa. Kamar sauran tsuntsayen, sukan yi kiwo idan sun sami isasshen abinci. Ana haihuwar kaji da kaka da bazara, amma galibi a Kirsimeti.
39. Launi na kananan tsuntsaye sun bambanta da manya. Da farko dai asalinsu launin toka ne, kuma a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa sai su sami sutura mai haske na dindindin.
40. A cikin gidajen katako ana ajiye su cikin keɓaɓɓun ƙarfe - sandunan tsuntsu na tsuntsu sauƙin tare da baki mai ƙarfi.
41. A cikin bauta, yiwuwa don asarar furanni masu launin ja da launin shuɗi.
42. A cikin House, crossbills da yardar rai ba kawai saba hatsi cakuda da suka fi so spruce da Kaya tsaba, amma har da berries, misali, dutse ash.
43. Suna kuma son kwayayen itacen Pine, amma ba koyaushe suna iya fasa su, saboda haka suna buƙatar yankan.
44. Tana fitar da abinci kamar haka: da farko, tana yanke mazugi, kamar dai da almakashi. Riƙe ta da wutsiyar, tana ƙoƙarin jan kwanon a kan shimfidar kwance a kwance. Ba mai sauki bane.
45. Ya daidaita da wutsiyarsa da fansa mai kyauta. Idan ba za a iya riƙe mazugi tare da ƙafa ɗaya ba, to, crossbuck ɗin yana matse shi da duka ciki.
46. Wannan shi ne daidai yadda Elovik ke samun abinci. Daga hulɗa akai-akai da raye-raye, rama koda yaushe akan abin da mai samu zai samu.
47. Babban samfuran su shine tsaba waɗanda ke da kaddarorin keɓewa, don haka waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa lalata bayan mutuwarsu, amma sun juya zuwa cikin shimfiɗa.
48. A cikin Ukraine, ana kiran mashaya gwalkary, kuma a cikin Belarus - kryzhadzuby.
49. magabatan fasahar zamani sun bayyana shekaru miliyan 9 da suka gabata.
50. Wannan tsuntsu daga bakin mutumin da ke wucewa, ana iya rikitar da shi da aku, domin ana lanƙwasa baki, mugayen al'adu da halayen waɗannan tsuntsayen sun yi kama da juna.
Bird na Kristi
Yayin giciyen Kristi, lokacin azabarsa mai nauyi, tsuntsu ya tashi ciki tare da gemunsa yayi kokarin cire kusoshi daga jikin Yesu. Amma marassa tsoro da kyawawan abubuwan fashewa, wanda kawai ya lalata gashin baki kuma ya zubar da ƙirjinsu da jini, yana da ƙarfi kaɗan.
Madaukakin Sarki ya yi godiya ga wannan karamin aikin kuma ya ba ta wasu kayayyaki na musamman. Wancan kenan tsaka-tsaki, da kuma musamman da suka bambanta a cikin bayyanuwa guda uku:
- baki
- Kajin Kirsimeti
- ajizanci bayan rayuwa.
Amsoshin sirrin suna kan hanyar rayuwar tsuntsaye, amma wannan ba ƙaramin ban sha'awa bane.
Bayanin crossbill
Bird crossbill - karamin karami, har zuwa 20 cm, daga tsari na passerines, yana da dumbin gini mai gina jiki, gajeriyar wutsiya mara nauyi, babban kai da gindi na musamman, rabe-raben da aka lankwashe kuma an canza su ta fuskoki daban-daban, suna gicciye giciye.
Me yasa crossbill yake da irin wannan bewn?, ya zama bayyananne lokacin da ƙwanƙwasawa ta fara ƙyanƙyashe ƙwayoyi cikin sauri. Yanayin ya dace da shi don samun irin wannan abincin.
Paayoyin masu tsauri suna ba da izinin gwanaye don hau kan bishiyoyi ya rataye a wuyan mashaya. Launin nono a cikin maza shi ne ja-rasberi, kuma a cikin mata shi mai launin shuɗi ne. Fuka-fukai da wutsiyoyi na jikin mararaba suna komawa zuwa inuwar launin shuɗi.
Klest tana jin amincewa a kan reshe, har ma da kodadde
Waƙar tsaka-tsaki a manyan bayanan yana kama da twitter tare da ƙyalli da babbar murya kuma ana amfani da haɗin gungun tsuntsaye. Kiran birgewa yakan faru ne a kan karamin jirgin sama, kuma tsallake-tsallake tsallake-tsallake a jikin rassa
Saurari muryar tsuben tsuntsaye
Abubuwa biyar zuwa shida ana kebanta da su, waɗanda manyan abubuwan giciye guda uku ke rayuwa a kan ƙasar Rasha: klest-kawasaki, giciyen-giya da farin gwal mai fiƙewa. Dukkaninsu iri ɗaya ne a cikin abinci da rayuwa. Sunaye suna nuna ƙananan sifofi na jinsin gwargwadon yadda ake son mahallin dazuzzuka daji da kasancewar farin gashin fuka-fukan a bangarorin.
Habitat da tsarukan rayuwa
Kakannin tsubburan zamani suna da dadadden tarihi, sun rayu shekaru miliyan 9-10 da suka gabata. A cikin dazuzzuka da kwalliya na Arewacin Hemisphere, manyan nau'ikan tsubbuka suka haifar. Mazaunin su kai tsaye ya dogara da girbi na cones, waɗanda sune tushen abincin tsuntsaye.
Sabili da haka, tsarukan tsagewa suna rayuwa biyu a cikin tundra da kuma yankuna masu tsayi, yi manyan jiragen sama zuwa wurare masu wadataccen abinci. Akwai lokuta lokacin da aka samo tsuntsayen ringi 3,000 km daga asalin wurin.
A cikin hoto, tsuntsu ya tsinkaye
A Rasha, suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na tuddai a kudu na ƙasar, a cikin yankuna arewa maso yamma. Ana iya samun tsuntsaye a cikin gandun daji gauraye da ƙwarin gwiwa. Crossbill baya zama cikin gandun itacen al'ul. Crossbill kusan babu abokan gaba a yanayi.
Anyi bayanin wannan ne da cewa saboda yawan amfani da tsirrai, tsuntsayen "suyi rufa-rufa da kansu" yayin rayuwa kuma sun zama basu da dandano, ko kuma akasin haka, masu zafin rai ga masu farauta. Sabili da haka, bayan mutuwa ta halitta, ba sa lalata, mummify, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga jikinsu da aka shirya tare da babban abun ciki.
Crossbills sun san yadda ake tashi da kyau, amma in faɗi hakan crossbill - ƙaura tsuntsu, ko crossbill - zauna tsuntsu, ba za ku iya ba. Maimakon haka, crossbill wakilin tsuntsaye ne. Tafiya tsakanin tsuntsaye tana da alaƙa da girbin.
Wan itacen bishiyar bulala yana a kan ƙwayoyin cones
A wurare cike da abinci, tsuntsaye suna kwana a kan hawa marar iyaka akan bishiyoyi, siffar gemu mai ƙyalli ba ku damar yin shi da ɓoye, kamar ɗakunan lu'u-lu'u. Saboda wannan fasalin da canza launin fuka-fukan gashinsu ana kiransu 'arewacin parrots'. Da wuya su gangara zuwa duniya, kuma a jikin rassan suna jin kwarin gwiwa har da juzu'i.
Abincin Gwadabe
Don yin tunanin cewa ƙwallon ƙafa yana cin abinci na musamman na spruce ko Pine cones ƙage ne, duk da cewa wannan shine ainihin abincin da yake ci. Bebut Beak Yana zubar da sikeli, yana tona asirin, amma kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kayan kwalliya suna zuwa abinci.
Tsuntsu ba ya daskarewa tare da hatsi-wuya, yana da sauƙi a gare ta ta sami sabon karo. Sauran ya tashi zuwa ƙasa kuma yana ciyar da mice, squirrels ko wasu mazaunan gandun daji na dogon lokaci.
Thewaƙar ƙwallon ƙafa tana cin abinci bugu da ,ari, musamman a lokacin ƙarancin amfanin gona, ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa da kwalliya, ƙwanƙwaran resin a kan rassan tare da haushi, tsaba na larch, maple, ash, kwari da aphids. A cikin bauta, baya ƙin tsutsotsi na gari, oatmeal, ash dutse, gero, sunflower da hemp.
Farar fata mai fiɗa Kyau
Macaw aku
Sunan Latin: | Loxia |
Sunan Turanci: | Rashin tsallakawa |
Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Passerines |
Iyali: | Finch |
Kyau: | Abubuwan Lafiya |
Tsayin jiki: | 14-22 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 8.1-9.5 cm |
Wingspan: | 24-27 cm |
Mass: | 29-57 g |
Gicciye kiwo
Ba kamar sauran tsuntsaye ba, kajin suna bayyana ne a cikin kayan abinci a cikin lokacin sanyi - a cikin hunturu, galibi a Kirsimeti, a matsayin babbar falala bisa ga almara. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar ajiyar abinci.
An gina ciyayi ta hanyar ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a saman ɗakunan conifers ko a kan rassan ƙarƙashin amintaccen murfin manyan allura na ruwan sama daga dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara. An fara ginin tare da farawa na sanyi na farko kuma ana yin la'akari da gwaje-gwaje mafi tsanani: tare da zubar da shara na gansakuka, ulu na dabbobi daban-daban, gashin tsuntsaye, lichens.
Ganuwar gida sanannu ne saboda ƙarfinsu: an kafa yadudduka ciki da waje daga sarƙar twigs, in ba haka ba ninki biyu na mazaunin. A gida ne sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da thermos don kula da yanayin zafin jiki akai-akai. Yankin hunturu duk da dusar ƙanƙara, mai aiki sosai don wadatar da zuriyarta.
A cikin hoto akwai inda ake tsallaka zalla
Abubuwan da ke shigowa daga ciki na qwai 3-5 yana tsawon kwanaki 15-16. Duk wannan lokacin namiji yana lura da mace, yana ciyar da tsaba, yana sanyaya kuma yana taushi a cikin goiter. Chickch 5-20 kwanakin rayuwa a cikin jinsuna daban sun riga sun bar gida. Farkon begensu a madaidaici da farko, don haka iyaye ke ciyar da ƙananan dabbobin don watanni 1-2.
Bayan haka kajin na mallaki ilimin kimiyyar yankan keɓaɓɓu kuma, tare da beak da aka canza, suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Chick Cross Karku shigar da riguna masu launi. Na farko, launi da plumage ne launin toka tare da warwatsa aibobi. Sai kawai ta shekara ana saka zane-zane a cikin tufafin manya.
Klest wani tsuntsu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa da aiki a cikin jama'a. Da sauri sun saba da rayuwa a cikin sabbin yanayin, sun zama masu aminci da zama tare da jama'a. Baya ga motsi koyaushe ta cikin tantanin halitta, suna iya zama masu hankali kuma suna fita daga ciki.
Abin da giciye - mai izgili, masu mallakar tsuntsaye da yawa sun sani: guntun tsako yana sa muryoyin sauran tsuntsayen cikin abubuwan da suke rufe su.
An tsallake bakin bebi don haka ya dace don samun tsaba daga cikin tasoshin
Da zarar mawaƙa masu yawo suna koyar da gwanaye da gemu don samun tikiti masu sa'a ko shiga cikin labarin wadata. Ikon koyan ayyuka masu sauki yana sa tsuntsaye su zama dabbobi. Idan mai gurnani yana zama a cikin gidan mara nauyi ba tare da kula da bukatun abinci da zazzabi ba, to ya rasa launin fiskarsa, ya zama mai launi zuwa launi mace, sannan kuma ya mutu.
Masu sha'awar tsuntsayen kiwo suna samun bambancin launi da bambancin murya, don haka ya zama bayyananne me yasa ake tsaka-tsaki muryar canary ko kayan sautin katako suna bayyana. Yin nazarin tsubbu, aiki ne mai ban sha'awa, yana kawo farin ciki na sadarwa tare da tsofaffin tsuntsayen dabbobin mu.
Bird na Kiristi
Yayin babban azabtarwar Kristi a giciyen, tsuntsu ya tashi wurin Yesu kuma gemu ya yi kokarin cire kusoshi daga jikin sa. Amma murhunan ban tsoro wadanda suka murkushe bakinsu da jini suna shayar da kirjinsu yana da matukar karfi. Ubangiji ya yi godiya ga mai roƙon, yana ba ta abubuwa da baƙon abu. Ya kasance wani giciye ne, kuma da sabon abu a cikin abubuwa uku:
- baki
- an haifeshi kafin Kirsimeti
- rashin ajizanci.
Bayani da bayyanar
Dukkan nau'ikan alamun tsinkaye mallakar tsuntsaye ne daga tsarin wucewar hanya, kuma ta tsarin jikinsu suna canzawa kamar nesa, amma sunada girma. Wutsiyar irin wannan tsuntsu ɗan gajere ne a cikin girman ta, tare da tsari mai kyau, ƙyallen silin wuya a wuya. Shugaban yana da girma babba. Legsaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan kafafu suna ba da izinin tsuntsaye ta manne ga rassan bishiya a sauƙaƙe, har ma ta jingina da dogon lokaci.
Launin launuka na kayan kwalliya na mace yana da kyau kyakkyawa kuma mai kyan gani - rasberi ja ko jan ja. Tare da duka ciki na tsuntsu suna da raunin fari-m launin toka. Amma rushewar mace ya fi kyau, a cikin launuka masu launin shuɗi da launin shuɗi kuma tare da adon launin shuɗi-kore a kan gashin fuka-fukai. Matasa masu kwance a jiki suna da launuka masu launin toka mara amfani da aibi.
Abin lura shine ƙusoshin ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ke ɗauke da fasalin siffar sabon salo. Lowerasa da ƙananan bangarorin bakin beak suna haɗuwa da juna kusan kusantowa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai ƙarfi wanda yake sauƙaƙa samun tsaba daga sikelin madaidaiciya.
Iri Crossbill
Zuwa yau, nau'ikan tsinkaye guda shida suna yin nazari sosai kuma sun zama ruwan dare gama gari:
- crossbill ko na gama gari (Lohia curvirostra) - tsuntsu mai daji. Maza suna da ja ko launin ja mai fiɗa mai launin fari da launin toka-fari fari. Mata suna halin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-kan launin fata a kan gashin fuka-fukan. Birdan yarinyar yana da launin toka, tare da maza masu yawa, kuma yaran na farko suna da launin rawaya mai ruwan shuɗi.Gefen ba ya da kauri, da elongated, kasa mai kauri, dan kadan yana cudanya. Shugaban ya isa babba
- Itace bishiyar bishiyar bishiya (Lohia rytyorsittacus) itace gandun daji, mafi girma ana sonta ne tare da tsawon tsayinsa ya kai cm 16-18 da kuma canza launi mai launi. Babban bambanci yana wakilta ta babban katako, ya ƙunshi babban kumburi da baki. A saman baki mai danshi ya yi haske. Matan wannan nau'in ma suna rera waka, amma da a hankali da natsuwa bisa ga ɗabi'a,
- fari mai fika-fika-fata (Lokhia leucortera) - karin bayani, tsuntsu mai matsakaici, tare da tsayin tsayin jiki a cikin kewayon 14-16cm. Dabbobin suna halin jima'i sosai na bayyanuwar jima'i. Mata suna da launin rawaya, yayin da maza kuma suke da gashin fuka-fikanti-ja ko bulo-ja. Wings suna da baki tare da fararen ratsi,
- Barƙar Scottish (Loxia sotisa) ita ce kawai masarauta da ke da cikakken zama a yankin ƙasar Burtaniya. Birdan karamin tsuntsu mai ƙanƙan da girma tare da tsayin 15 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin 50 g.
Hakanan, nau'ikan suna wakilta ta hanyar Loxia meglaga Riley ko gwanayen Mutanen Espanya, da Loxia sibiriisa Pallas ko kuma Siberian crossbill.
Habitat da mazauninsu
Spruce ya mamaye wuraren dazuzzuka daji a Turai, har da Afirka ta yamma, arewa da tsakiyar Asiya da Amerika, Filipinas da yankin ƙasashen tsohuwar Soviet Union. Ya fi son coniferous da kuma gauraye, yafi spruce gandun daji.
Itace bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar itace tana zaune a dazuzzuka na Pine. Gidaje a manyan adadi a Scandinavia da kuma yankin arewa maso gabashin Turai. Wannan nau'in ya fi karanci idan aka kwatanta shi da giciye-bishiya. Mahalli game da gwanayen fararen kafa shine Rasha taiga, Scandinavia da Arewacin Amurka. Wannan nau'in yana bada fifiko ga gandun daji tare da yawancin larch.
Tsarin rayuwa
Klest rana ce, wacce tafi dacewa, tafi da hankali da kuma tsuntsayen daji. Manya suna tashi da sauri, ta amfani da hanyar wavy da gudu. Siffar giciye shine salon rayuwar nomadic. Duwatsu kan tashi sau da yawa daga wuri zuwa wuri don nemo yankin da ke da wadatar aiki.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Klest yana nufin tsuntsayen daji da ke rukuni na biyu na matsatsi, saboda haka an ambaci shi a cikin shafukan Red Book na Moscow.
Abokan ƙetaren ƙetaren ƙasa ba su nan, saboda haka, saboda amfani da tsaba na yau da kullun. Don haka, tsuntsu “ke rufe kansa” yayin aiwatar da rayuwa, saboda haka naman irin wadannan tsuntsayen ya zama mara dadi, mai danshi, mai ban sha'awa ga kowane masu farauta. Bayan mutuwa, giciye baya yankewa, amma mummifies, saboda yawan kayan maye a jikin mutum.
Abincin, ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki
Kwayoyin cuta suna cikin tsuntsaye, wanda irin nau'ikan abinci ne na musamman yake fasalin halayensa. Dukkan nau'ikan suna da tanƙwara mai zurfi, waɗanda suke ma'amala da baki, don haka tushen abincin shine tsaba waɗanda suke cikin tasoshin conifers.
Har ila yau, sau da yawa wanda aka saba wucewa shine tsintsiyar sunflower Yana da matukar wuya ga tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in su ci kwari, yawanci aphids.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! A lokacin rani, tare da karancin abinci, kayan abinci suna iya cizo akan ciyawar daji, kuma a wasu shekaru, garken irin wadannan tsuntsaye na iya haifar da babbar illa ga amfanin gona.
Gicciye kiwo
A kan yankin tsakiyar yankin ƙasarmu, ana yin isasshen kayan abinci a cikin farashi a watan Maris. An sake maimaita fara'a a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na bazara ko a farkon kaka, tare da girbi na lokaci guda na larch da Pine. A cikin hunturu, daga Disamba zuwa Maris, tsuntsaye suna yin ciyayi kawai a yankuna tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na tsaba. Kusan dukkan nau'in halitta ba tare da la'akari da lokaci na shekara ba.
An shirya firam na tsuntsaye a cikin kambi mai yawa na conifers, mafi yawan lokuta akan bishiyoyin Kirsimeti da ɗan lokaci kaɗan akan pines, a tsawan sama da 2-10m sama da matakin ƙasa. Dukkanin sassan jikin an sanya shi ne ta amfani da rassan bakin ciki na tsiro, kuma an sanya sashin ciki tare da rassan mafi bakin ciki, gansakuka da lasisi. Ruwan zurfin kwandon shara a cikin gidan da aka gama ana wakiltar shi da gashin dabba da kuma adadin gashin tsuntsaye. Matsakaicin matsakaici na gida shine 12-13 cm tare da tsayin 8-10 cm da girman tire na 7.2 × 5.2 cm.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, masararry kama shine ƙwai uku ko biyar na kusan launin dusar ƙanƙara mai launin shuɗi kaɗan da girman 22x16 mm. A saman qwai akwai shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Lokacin haila na kwanon da aka kwantar da shi wata biyu ne, a lokacin da mace take cikin gida, namiji ya sami abinci ya ciyar dashi.
Kajin da aka Haifa an lullube su da farin toka mai launin toka. Fewan kwanaki na farko, mace ta ci kajin, sa’an nan kuma, tare da namiji, ya fara tashi daga cikin gida don neman abinci.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Don ciyar da kajin, ana amfani da tsaba daban-daban na conifers a cikin goiter na mace da namiji.
Na farko jirgin sama ne da za'ayi da kajin yana da shekaru uku. A wannan zamani, kananan tsuntsaye ba sa tashi da nisa kuma koyaushe suna kwana a cikin mazaunin su.
Da farko dai, iyayen da suka bar gidan kajin tabbas suna ciyar da su.
Loversaunar Bird suna godiya da gwanayen launi don kyakkyawan canza launi na rudi da gaskiyar cewa irin wannan ƙaramin tsuntsu na daji da sauri yana ɗauka a cikin keji kuma yana raira waƙa. A lokacin da kamawa, ya kamata a tuna cewa mai haske plumage ana kiyaye su kawai har zuwa farkon na farko molt, da kuma narkakken tsuntsu bai yi kyau sosai babu kuma.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Waƙar crossbill ta cika da yawancin abubuwan ɓoye da maɗaukakiyar al'amura, amma fararen hular bel-bel suna da mafi kyawun damar waƙar.
Caches da albasa, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, da kuma kayan miya da semolina ana amfani dasu don kamun kifi.. Kuma a cikin yanayin yanayi da kuma cikin salula abun ciki, crossbill ci coniferous buds sosai aiki, kazalika da nibbles matasa harbe da kuma wasu ganye. Musamman mazan su ne mazan da ke da kyawawan kayan maye.
Mafi kyawun matsayin tsuntsu, yana da kimar gaske. Ba za a iya kiyaye tsuntsu da aka kama ba a cikin guda, amma nan da nan aka dasa shi a cikin keji na dindindin, a cikin abin da ya kamata a sanya ƙananan sandunan katako da sabbin rassan tsire-tsire.
Bayanin haɗin haɗin giciye na waje kai tsaye ya dogara da cikakken abinci. Irin wannan tsuntsun yana da murnar cin gaurayawar hatsi wanda gero, iri, canary da rapeseed suke wakilta. Tsuntsayen daji suna amsawa sosai ga kwayoyi masu ƙyalƙyali da iri, karnukan tsire-tsire tare da buds da kuma tsiran bishiyoyi masu kyau.
A cikin keji, wajibi ne don sa saman kayan ma'adinai na yau da kullun a cikin hanyar yashi, yumbu, ash, dutsen kwandon dutse. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa tsubburan katako ba sa jure microclimate na ɗakunan mai zafi, saboda haka yana da kyau a sanya ɗakin tare da irin wannan tsuntsu akan baranda ko loggia.
Klest-elovik
Klest-elovik | |||||||||||
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Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Jariri |
Lantarki: | Passerida |
Superfamily: | Passeroidea |
Subfamily: | Zinariya |
Duba: | Klest-elovik |
Klest da Elovik , ko bulala talakawa (lat. Loxia curvirostra), wani karin bayani ne na gandun daji daga finch na iyali (Fringillidae), tsari ne na Passeriformes (Passeriformes). An halin shi da karfi na baki tare da haye tukwici da ciyar a kan tsaba da ƙwayaye da sauran conifers (Saboda haka sunan Rasha na nau'in).
Babban halayyar mutum
Tsuntsu ya ɗan fi girma nesa ba kusa ba, amma ya fi ƙanƙanuwa. Tsawon jiki har zuwa 17 cm, nauyi 43-57 g.
Yana da sananne ga peculiar tsarin na baki. Gefan da baki suna haye tsakanin kansu, kuma ƙarshen kawunansu suna haɗe da gefen gindi. Kamar aku, yana amfani da bek don hawa.
Maza suna da ja ko ja-ja, ƙananan ɓangaren ciki shine launin fari-fari. Mace masu launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da gefuna masu launin gashin furen-kore. Tsuntsayen matasa suna da launin toka a cikin kwazazzabo, maza na farko na shekara-shekara suna launin shuɗi. Fuka-fuki da jela suna launin ruwan kasa.
Gefen ba ya da kauri, da elongated, ba ya lankwashewa, mara karfi fiye da iyaka, ya fi tsayi da bakin ciki idan aka kwatanta da nau'in tsinkayar bishiya.
Tana da babban kai, pawses paws, yana baka damar rataye sama daga ramin, gajere, sassaka wutsiya.
Rarraba
Klest-elovik tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Turai, Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka, Arewacin da Asiya ta Tsakiya, Philippines, Arewa da Amurka ta Tsakiya (a kudu zuwa Guatemala). Wanda aka gabatar akan yankin tsohon USSR.
Yana zaune a cikin coniferous da gauraye, amma akasarinsu a cikin spruce, ba sau da yawa a cikin itacen Pine da gandun daji larch, amma ba cikin gandun itacen al'ul ba.
Rarrabawa
Ra'ayin ya kasu kashi biyu:
- Loxia curvirostra bendirei
- Loxia curvirostra benti
- Loxia curvirostra curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758
- Loxia curvirostra grinnelli
- Loxia curvirostra ƙanana
- Loxia curvirostra pusilla
- Loxia curvirostra sitkensis
- Loxia curvirostra stricklandi
Bayanin Bird
Ikon tsinkaye shine ƙaramin tsuntsu da ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba. Wannan nau'in halin ana nuna shi ta hanyar wani sabon abu. Kallonta yana da katako mai siffar giciye, wanda yake bambanta shi da jimlar tsuntsayen.
Sunan asalin Latin ne (Loxia). Abubuwan ketare suna cikin kayan tarihi. Idan zamuyi magana game da alaƙa ta hanyar asali, to kuwa tsararren saɓo na dangi ne, bisa ga umarnin abubuwan wucewa. Kasuwancin Crossbill suna zaune ne kawai a Arewacin Hemisphere. Mafi rinjaye a cikin abincin su sune ƙwayayen conifers, conine cones.
Bwararrun tsallake-tsallake suna iya cin nasara yawan kilomitoci masu ban sha'awa don abinci - 2700-3500 kilomita daga gida.
Bayyanar
Don gane gicciyen - yana da kyau a kalli beak - kamannin giciye ne, sifa ce kawai irin wannan tsuntsu. A cikin launi na plumage, an bambanta wannan tsuntsu ta hanyar bambancin inuwa a jikin mutum. Abubuwan launuka masu mahimmanci sune: kore, lemo, launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, fari. Wasu lokuta tsarin launi na iya haɗawa da launin haske mai launin haske, amma na hali ne kawai ga maza. An raba wutsiya zuwa kashi biyu. Gabaɗaya, ƙwayoyin cuta suna da jiki mai ƙarfi da gajeriyar wuyansa, waɗanda ke ƙara ƙarin zagaye a cikin kamanninsu.
Girman wannan tsuntsu bai bambanta da girma ba, jimlar: 17-20 cm a tsayi, kuma ba fiye da nauyin 50-60 na nauyi ba.
Kiwo da tsawon rayuwa na tsuntsaye
Babu wani takamaiman lokaci domin kiwo manya-manya daga cikin wadannan tsuntsayen. A cikin mazaunin da ke sanyaya wuta da gansakuka da lasisi, mace tana sanya ƙwai 5 na launin shuɗi.
Tsawon kwanaki 14, macen tayi tsintsaye cikin qwai. Kuma koda bayan bayyanannen kajin bashi da taimako, baya barin gidanta har sai kajin yayi alwashi. Duk wannan lokacin, namiji amintaccen mataimaki ne kuma mai kare shi. Yana ciyar da mace a cikin gemunsa na musamman.
Yankin hunturu shine kawai tsuntsu wanda baya jin tsoron kawo kajin a cikin tsananin sanyi. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda dalili ɗaya don waɗannan tsuntsayen. A cikin hunturu ne tsararrrun conifers suka girma.
Kimanin watanni biyu, iyaye dole ne su ciyar da kajin su har beak dinsu ya zama iri ɗaya kamar a cikin kayan maye. Da zaran gashin baki da yake gashinsa ya samo kwatancen tsoffin yan 'uwan sa, zasu koyi yanka gyada kuma a hankali zasu fara rayuwa da kansu.
Kuskure tsintsiya ana iya bambanta shi da manya ba wai kawai ta beak ba, har ma da launi da rurinsu. A farko, ya yi furfura tare da tutoci a cikin tsuntsaye.
Yawancin masoya tsuntsaye da masu son dabbobi sun sani wane gicciye m, ban sha'awa da kuma mai kyau-natured. Su ne tsuntsaye masu halin rayuwa da kirki. Wannan yana bawa sabbin masu mallakar damar samun dogaro cikin hanzari bayan an kwashe shi da son rai. Tsuntsu yakan zama mai saba da duk sabon abu wanda yake faruwa da guntu da sauri.
An riga an ambata cewa ɗakin don mai gashin tsuntsu dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi. Zai fi kyau a lokacin dumi don gina gidan dabbobi kamar wani abu mai ruwa, tare da gandun daji da bishiyoyi a ciki. Wannan zai ba da tsuntsu damar jin yadda aka kwashe, kamar yadda yake a cikin asalin halitta a cikin gandun daji.
Godiya ga irin wannan yanayi, tsuntsu yana jin girmansa kuma yana haifarwa cikin bauta. Idan yanayin kiyayewarsa ya bar abin da ake so, to launi na tsuntsu ya zama ba mai haske da ɗamara, guguwar za ta shuɗe har ƙarshe kuma ta mutu.
Ba bu mai kyau a ci gaba da sanya tsuntsaye a cikin ɗaki mai zafi ba, ba su da matsala a irin waɗannan yanayin. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, kayan sawa, idan aka kiyaye su sosai, nishaɗi da kyawawan waƙoƙi da hutawa, halaye masu kyau.
Namiji da mace: bambance-bambance
A cikin giya, ma'anar ma'anar jima'i tana da kyau - maza suna da haske fiye da mace.
Yawancin lokaci, maza suna da rasberi, orange, inuwa mai shuɗi, yayin da mace suke da gamut ɗin pastel - launin toka-fari, launin toka-fari, launin kore, mai launin shuɗi. Dangane da yanayin jikin mutum, maza da mata iri daya ne.
A cikin kwayoyin cuta, namiji ana daukar shi mai sa maye ne - shi ne wanda, bayan haihuwar kajin kuma har zuwa samari, ke kula da ciyar da su.
Halayya da abinci
Ana kiran Klestov nomads saboda salon rayuwarsu da ƙaunar tashin jiragen sama. Ba sa son kasancewa a duniya. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna jin daɗin zama a cikin bishiyoyi. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa tsubbu masu tsini suna da madaidaitan paws, godiya ga wanda zasu iya rataye sama ba tare da rasa daidaituwa ba, ba tare da alamun rashin jin daɗi ko gajiya ba. Kwayoyin cuta sune tsuntsayen rana da suka fi son hutawa da daddare.
Habitat
Tsuntsayen suna ba da fifiko ga gandunan bishiyun, tunda sun zaɓi mafi mahimmancin bishiyar, inda dabba mai tsinkaye ko idanun mutane ba su cika gani ba. Matsakaicin a gare su shine yawaitar Pine ko rassan spruce, wanda ke kare su daga iska da dusar ƙanƙara.
Migratory ko hunturu tsuntsu
Kwayoyin cuta tsintsayen tsuntsaye ne. Suna kama da sunan nomads. A cikin neman abinci, kwayoyin cuta suna yin nisa. Amma ga jiragen zuwa wasu ƙasashe saboda yanayin yanayi, wannan ba batun su bane. Bwararrun tsintsaye sune tsuntsayen arewa, sun saba da sanyi, bugu da ,ari kuma, ya saba da yanayin mafi ƙasƙanci. Kamar yadda kariya daga sanyi, kwayoyin cuta sun gwammace su rufe gidajensu kamar yadda ya kamata - ƙasan mazaunin su a koyaushe yana nannade cikin gansakuka ko gashin dabba, wanda ke haifar da rufin zafi.
A bisa al'ada al'ada ne don bambance nau'ikan halittar waɗannan tsuntsaye guda uku: gicciye, itace, da farar fata. Hakanan akwai biyan kuɗi.
Klest-elovik
Namiji yana da launin ja, mai ruwan hoda mai haske, tummy mai launin fari-fari. Mace suna da sautunan kwantar da hankali a cikin launuka: kore-launin toka, mai launin rawaya. Tsarin baki ya kasance gicciye, a kauri yana da kunkuntar, elongated. Tsayin jiki: 17-20 cm, nauyi - 43-55 grams.
Fir itatuwa suna zama a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Arewa da Tsakiyar Amurka, da Philippines.
Spruce bishiyoyi, kamar sauran ire-iren waɗannan tsinkaye, tsuntsaye ne na yini. Suna da ƙarfin gaske kuma basu taɓa zama har yanzu ba. Itatuwan Spruce suna tafiya da sauri, suna da kafafu masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke manne wa rassan da kyau.
Klest-Pine-itace
Ga tsuntsu na wannan nau'in, canza launi iri ɗaya tare da gicciye itace halayyar. Abubuwan da suke dashi na mutum shine na baki mai girman gaske. Idan kuli-kuli na goge baki kadan, to wannan nau'in yana da girma, mai fa'ida zagaye da kyakkyawan karewa. Tsayin jiki: daga 16 zuwa 18 cm, nauyi - har zuwa gram 50.
Sosnovik yana zaune ne a cikin ƙasashen Scandinavia, a arewacin-gabashin Turai. Wannan nau'in bai zama ruwan dare gama gari ba daga bishiyoyin tsiro.
Farar fata mai fiɗa Kyau
Wani fasalin mutum na wannan nau'in shine launi mai launi na fikafikan, wanda aka narkar dashi da fari. Babban rinjaye shine baƙi - kawai toshewa ko kuma layin dogon a kan fikafikan suna fari. Ana fentin maza a cikin tabarau masu haske fiye da mace - rasberi, ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi, mace - launin toka-mai-haske.
Tsawon Jikin: har zuwa 16 cm, nauyi - 43-50 grams.
Mazaunin gwal mai kaifin fuka-fukai ana ɗaukarsa: taan Rasha ne, Scandinavia, Arewacin Amurka.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna jin daɗin girma ko da a cikin sanyi na digiri 50, yayin da suke rera waƙar halayensu.
Tare da kulawa da hankali, ƙwallon ƙafa ya kai shekaru 10 a zaman bauta. Bwararrakin crossbill suna da kyau a cikin jirgin sama, suna da aminci. An fi kiyaye waɗannan tsuntsayen cikin manyan ɗakunan cinika waɗanda ke auna 1 m ta 1.8 m. Mafi kyawun kayan don sel shine ƙarfe.
Kwancen-sauri ana amfani da shi a cikin sabon yanayin.Kuna buƙatar sanin cewa a cikin bauta, ƙwanƙwasa hanzari yana haskakawa da ƙwaƙwalwar girbi.
Kiwo gida
Sake haifarwa a gida yana daidai gwargwado. Lokacin kiwo waɗannan tsuntsayen, yawancin masoya suna samun cakuda gwal da mayukan, tare da farko suna raira waƙar canaries.
A gida, ƙwayoyin cuta suna fitarwa da kyau, amma idan masu mallakar sun kula da yanayi mai kyau. Da farko, an fara wasu tsuntsaye a cikin keji, inda suka zabi abokin aure. An canza ma'auratan da suka haifar zuwa wani sel don haifuwa. A cikin yanayin da aka gina gida a cikin keji, kayan abinci suna ba da zuriya mai kyau.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Yawancin abubuwa ana kiransa tsuntsun Kristi. Akwai wata tatsuniya cewa, yayin giciyen Yesu, wannan tsuntsu ya so ya cire ƙusoshin daga jikin.
- Duk rayuwa, kwayoyin cuta suna lalata jikinsu. Gaskiyar ita ce, suna cin yawa tar, wanda ba zai ba da damar jikinsu ya zube ba.
- Bwararrun hanyoyi hanyoyi ne don tashi mai nisa don bincika abubuwan wucewa, har zuwa kilomita 3,500 daga gida.
- Kakannin tsubburan zamani sun bayyana a sararin sama sama da shekaru dubu 10 da suka gabata.
- Bwayoyi masu iya rarrabuwar kawuna sun iya riƙe madaukai cikin rassan. A wannan matsayin, za su iya zama cikin kwanciyar hankali kuma su fitar da tsaba da suke buƙata daga tasoshin.
- Klests ba sa jin tsoron sanyi - a debe 50 50 suna ɗauka azaman zazzabi na al'ada.
Waƙa
Labarin batanci Abinda suka fi so a lokacin rayuwar su shine raira waka yayin tashin. Ba zai yuwu ka ga alamar tsararren waƙa tana zaune a kan reshe ba. Melodies sun rera ta hanyar crossbob suna kama da saƙo ko baƙin da baƙon abu. A wasu lokatai, yawan sautikan suna kusanci ga mai nasara. Idan aka kwatanta da sauti, karin waƙa yana kama da kalmomin: “manne” - “manne” - “tashi”.