Madagaskar | |||||||||||
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Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Platin |
Babban tawaga: | Euarchonta |
Lantarki: | Hannun fuska (Chiromyiformes Anthony & Kufa, 1931) |
Iyali: | Hannu (Daubentoniidae Girgiza, 1863) |
Duba: | Madagaskar |
Hannun Madagascar , ko ah-ah (wasu marubutan sun ga wannan rubutun da ake furta shi da daina aiki), ko duniya aye , ko hilt (lat. Daubentonia madagascariensis) - nau'in jinsin yanzu kawai (wani nau'in da aka bayyana, Daubentonia robusta, ya mutu kusan shekaru 1000 da suka gabata) na dangi makamai (Daubentoniidae), dabbobi masu shayarwa tare da gashin baki-baki mai launin shuɗi, dogon wutsiya da yatsun bakin ciki sosai. Yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa ba a cikin gandunan daji na Madagascar ba. Babban wakilin nocturnal datates. Tana da launi launin ruwan kasa a cikin farin fari da babban wutsiya. Tana zaune a arewacin Madagascar. An jera jinsunan a cikin Littafin Rubutu.
A cikin 1780, wannan mai binciken Pierre Sonner ya gano wannan nau'in wuyan hannu, yana aiki a gabar yammacin Madagascar. An yi muhawara da yawa game da matsayin yanayin ay-ai - saboda tsarin halittar hakoran wadannan dabbobin, an danganta su da farko ne da sabani, amma sai masana kimiyya suka yanke hukuncin cewa wadannan sune lemurs na wata kungiya ta musamman wacce ta karkace daga gawar daya. An bayar da suna cikin girmamawa ga girmamawa ga masanin dabi'ar Faransawa Louis Jean-Marie Dobanton (1716-1800).
Tsarin kimiyya
Madagaskar (ay-ay) - dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya. A cewar bayanai daga shekarun da suka gabata, mutane 30-40 ne kawai aka sani da wanzu. Wannan kawai wakili ne daga dangin masu gadin garkuwa da birai. Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka. Yana ciyar da mafi yawan rayuwarsa a cikin bishiyoyi. Yana farkawa ne da daddare, kashi 80% na wannan lokacin ana cin abinci.
Abubuwan da suka kirkira sune:
- Injin kwari,
- Kwayoyi
- Nectar wasu launuka,
- Harbewar tsire-tsire.
Wannan dabba ce mai wayo, wacce, tana neman larvae akan bishiyoyin da suka lalace, ana fara sauraronta na dogon lokaci, na ƙayyade rawar jiki da ke fitowa daga ciki. Idan haka ne, to, hannun yana toshi rami a cikin akwati kuma yana sanye yatsansa na bakin ciki mai tsayi a ciki.
Da rana, ai-ai tana kwance a cikin rami, kuma ta fi son yin amfani da gida ɗaya na dogon lokaci. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa na dogon lokaci, tare da abun ciki har zuwa shekaru 26.
Tarihin gano ah-ah
Wanda ya fara haduwa da karamin hannu shine dan Faransa mai binciken Pierre Sonner. Hakan ya faru ne a cikin 1780. An yi gwagwarmaya da yawa game da ma'anar kimiyya ta AI. Saboda halaye na hakora na gaban, an fara tura su zuwa ga umarni mai ƙarfi. Daga baya an yanke hukuncin rarrabe dabbobi kamar yadda lemurs na musamman suke.
An san sigogin da yawa game da asalin sunan:
- A cewar daya daga cikinsu, an kira dabbar ne saboda dogon yatsa da ya sanya a cikin ramuka daban-daban,
- A wani gefen, lokacin da suka ga dabbar a karo na farko, mazauna garin sun firgita sosai har suka fara ihu suna cewa "Ay-ah!",
- Akwai juzu'i na uku. Ta ce ganawar da mamam bisa ga alamun tsohuwar alamu ya yi alkawarin ba da labari ga Madagascar. Bayan haka, tsibirin koyaushe ya yi imani da koyarwar iko, sihiri da alloli. Tabbas, wannan mu'ujiza ta halitta ba zata iya haifar da irin wannan halin tare da bayyanar ba.
An yi imani da cewa idan kun haɗu da dabba kusa da ƙauyen, kowa yana fuskantar mutuwa. Saboda haka, sun yi kokarin kashe shi. Don ganin jaririn ah-ah - ga yaran da suka mutu. Suna son yin lahani, mutane suna jefa gawawwakin hannunsu ga juna.
Siffofin Bayyanar Su
A waje, dabbar tana kama da halayyar rudu. Ganin irin wannan mu'ujiza sau ɗaya, ba za ku iya rikitar da shi ba da wani abu daga baya:
- Yana da ƙanana kaɗan, mai nauyin kilogram 3,
- Jikin kusan 40 cm tsayi,
- Yana da wutsiya mai laushi
- A kan babba (idan aka kwatanta da jiki) kai, idanu saucer zagaye da manyan kunnuwa sun fito waje
- Yana da hakora 18. Wadanda suke gaba suna da girma, sun girma a duk rayuwata,
- Hagu na gaba sosai ya fi gaban gaba,
- Fingeraya daga cikin yatsa ya fi tsayi da bakin ciki fiye da sauran. Yana yi wa dabbar nan hidima a lokaci ɗaya. Tare da shi, arman ƙaramin hannu, gami da sha, da tsoma shi da farko a ruwa, sannan yin lasisin shi.
Wannan shi ne mafi girma na firam na nocturnal. Dabbobin suna tafiya a kan dukkan hudun. Duk da kalamansu, ah, ba su san yadda ake hawa dutsen da kuma tsalle ba.
Rayuwa da kiwo ay-ay
Ya kasance wannan ƙaramar makamai suna zaune shi kaɗai. Amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa wasu wakilai suna motsa cikin nau'i-nau'i. Yawancin lokaci wannan namiji ne da mace, a cikin su ne aka fara yin nishaɗi.
Koyarwar mahaifa a cikin makamai yana da haɓaka. Don jaririn, mahaifiyar ta shirya ɗakin shewa, ta shimfiɗa ƙasa a ɗakin laka, ciyawa da gashin fuka-fukan.
Har zuwa watanni 7, mace tana ciyar da zuriya tare da madara. Bayan wannan, ɗan saniya ya fara ciyar da kansa. Amma ba su bar iyayensu ba, amma a zauna tare da danginsu. Mace sun fi tsayi, har kusan shekara biyu, kuma maza ba su da yawa - har zuwa shekara guda. Tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin yanayin halitta na kimanin shekaru 30.
Kare da ceton hannaye
An ƙaramin yawan ƙananan makamai a hankali sun ɓace. Dalilin shi ne 'yan gari da ke sare gandun daji - wurin zama na asali. An dasa yankin da aka bari tare da sukari, dabino da kwandon kwakwa.
A wani lokaci, masana kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa mu'ujizan dabbobi gaba daya ta ɓace. Amma daga baya an gano su da yawa guda biyu kuma sun shiga cikin littafin Red. Daga yanke ƙauna, ay-ai ta zo ga mutum kuma ta fara cutar da amfanin gona, saboda abin da aka hana su gidansu. Tare da hakora, suna lalata kwakwa kuma suna jin daɗin abin da ke cikin su. Kuma dabbobin suna juyar da sukari zuwa ƙura.
Asarar amfanin gona babbar asara ce ga manoma na karkara. Sabili da haka, sun fara farawa ah-ah kuma suna kashe su. Wannan ya haifar da ɓatar da saurin dabbar da ba ta taɓa yiwuwa ba. Dole ne in dauki tsauraran matakai don ajiye rabin birai. An sanya tsibiri a gare su kuma an hana su duka ziyartar ta.
Daga baya, an sake samun wasu wuraren ajiyar dabbobi 15 a wurin don ceton dabbobin. Yawan dabbobi a hankali ya fara girma. Yawansu ya kai mutum 1000. A yau ana samun su a yawancin zoos a cikin duniya.
Mun gaya muku duk abin da za mu iya game da ay-ay. An samo wannan dabbar kawai anan. Tana cikin Madagascar, saboda kebantaccen tsarin halittu, nau'ikan da suka dade da bacewa a wasu sassan duniya.
Bayani da sifofin hannu
Kadan hannu (Latin Daubentonia madagascariensis) - wani yanki ne daga tsari na birai, dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ke da gashi mai laushi mai launuka masu launin baki da launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa, yana da dogon wutsiya mai tsayi har zuwa santimita 60, da ɗan tunannin squirrel.
Girman jiki tare da kai shine kimanin santimita 30-40. Girman dabba a cikin tsufa ya kai tsakanin kilogiram 3-4, 'Ya'yan an haifi ofan girman bene na dabino. Wani fasali mai rarrabewa daga wasu datti yana da tsayi kuma yatsunsu na yatsa da yatsun kafa, tare da yatsa tsakiyar rabin tsawon sauran.
A kan kai a tarnaƙi sune manyan kunnuwa masu kyau, ƙirar cokali, wanda dabba zata iya motsawa. An yatsu da kunnuwan kusan ba su da ciyayi a farfajiyar su. A fuskar suna da girma, idanuwanta masu kaɗa-kaɗa da ƙaramin kunci da hanci.
Wannan rabin biri shine kadai jinsin daga iyali rukonozhkovye, sauran sunaye gama gari: madagaskar hilt, aye-aye (ko ay-ay) hannu-rami da rigar-hanci hannu.
Yatsun wannan dabbar yana zaune a gaɓoɓin jikin, kamar yadda a cikin lemurs, hannu-hannu kuma ana magana akan fitowar su daban. Kafafuwan gaba suna ƙasa da kafafun hind, sabili da haka, a ƙasa hilt aye-aye Yana tafiya a hankali, amma yana hawa bishiyoyi cikin wayo, da fasaha ta amfani da tsarin hannayensa da yatsunsu don kama rassa da kututture. Don fahimtar yadda ainihin wannan dabbar take, zaka iya gani an gabatar dashi cikin dukkan ɗaukakarta hoton madagascar hannu.
Menene ah-ah yi kama? Hoto na hilt
Fitowar makamai ya zama na musamman. An rufe jikin tare da ulu shaggy na launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ko launin baƙi, dogon gashi yana da fararen shawarwari. Dansandan da ƙananan jikinsu suna da wuta - cream ko launin toka-toka. Wutsiya ya fi tsayi fiye da jiki, ƙage sosai. Shugaban yana da girma babba, zagaye, tare da manyan kunnuwa masu launin fata mai siffar ganye. Manyan idanu masu launin lemo mai haske ko launin shuɗi-kore suna kewaye da kewaya duhu. A incisors suna da tsari mai kama da rodents: mai kaifi sosai, yana girma kullum. Hoton karamin hannun yana nuna kamanninsa.
Hannun hannu shine mafi girman wakilan nocturnal primates. Jikin yana da tsawo tsawon 36-45 cm, wutsiyarsa 45-55 cm tsayi, kuma nauyin dabbar yana da wuya fiye da kilogiram 2.5.
Hannu yana gudana da tsalle a kan wata gabar jiki. Yatsun hannu da yatsun suna sanye da dogayen yatsu masu tsinkaye, sai dai yatsan farko na yatsun kafa, wanda ke da ƙusa na ainihi.
Mafi kyawun yanayin aikin hannu shine yatsa na tsakiya akan hannu. Dogo ne mai kauri sosai da bakin ciki kuma kusan sarkar da taushi. Irin wannan kayan aiki, haɗe tare da incisors masu girma a koyaushe, ana amfani da dabbar don abinci: tana jan ramuka a bushe itace kuma tana fitar da tsutsa kwari (hoto a ƙasa). Hakanan ana amfani da yatsan a matsayin daskararren itace don buga itace don gano wurin tsutsa. Kimiyya ta sani kawai dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ke amfani da irin wannan hanyar sabon abu don bincika abinci - wannan shine sabon couscous na New Guinea, wanda ya kasance na maɗaukaki mai kwari.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Dabba ba ta son hasken rana sosai kuma saboda haka a zahiri ba ya motsa da rana. A cikin hasken rana bai ga komai ba. Amma da yamma, hangen nesan ya dawo gare shi, kuma ya sami damar ganin larvae a cikin haushi bishiyoyi nesa nesa da goma.
Da rana, dabba tana cikin ɗoki, tana hawa zuwa kogo ko zaune a kan wajabcin rassan rassan. Zai iya zama mara motsi kullun. An rufe hannu tare da babban wutsiyarsa kuma yana bacci. A wannan halin, yana da wahalar gani. Da zuwan dare, dabba tazo rayuwa har ta fara farauta domin tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi da ƙananan kwari, waɗanda kuma suke jagorantar rayuwar dare mai aiki.
Hannun bindigar yana raye na musamman a cikin dazuzzukan Madagascar. Dukkanin kokarin da aka yi na nemo al'umma a wajen tsibirin. A baya an yi imani cewa dabbar tana rayuwa ta musamman a arewacin tsibirin Madagascar.
Bincike ya nuna cewa ana kuma samun samfurori marasa misalai a yammacin tsibirin. Suna son zafi sosai kuma, idan aka yi ruwan sama, za su iya tattarawa cikin ƙaramin rukuni kuma su yi barci, suna manne da juna sosai.
Dabba ya gwammace ya zauna a cikin ɗumbin daskararre da gandun daji na mango, a cikin ƙaramin yanki. 'Yanke bishiyoyi suna da wuya sosai. Gyara zama yayi ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Wannan na iya faruwa idan zuriyar tana cikin haɗari ko abinci ya ƙare a cikin waɗannan wuraren.
Hannun Madagascar suna da abokan gaba kaɗan na halitta. Ba sa tsoron macizai da tsuntsaye masu farauta, manyan mafarauta ba sa yin farautarsu. Babban haɗari ga waɗannan dabbobi baƙon abu shine mutum. Baya ga ƙiyayya ta camfi, akwai raguwar ƙaƙƙarfan hankali, wanda shine mazaunin dabi'a na makamai.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Hannun ba mai farauta bane. Yana ciyarwa takamaiman akan kwari da lardinansu. Dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin bishiyoyi, dabbar tana da saurin sauraron kwari mai saukar ungulu, bishiyoyi suna yawo a busasshiyar haushi, guntu ko tsutsotsi. Wasu lokuta zasu iya kama burodi ko daskararre. Ba a aukar manyan dabbobi kuma sun gwammace su zauna.
Sakamakon tsarin ginin gogewa na musamman, hannu ya sa hanu a hankali ta murkushe bishiyar bishiyar a gaban larvae, a hankali tana nazarin rassan bishiyoyin da take rayuwa a kanta. Dabbobin suna amfani da yatsan tsakiyar sinewy a matsayin dutsen, yana nuna kasancewar abinci.
Daga nan mafaraucin gnayen haushi tare da haƙoran haƙora, yana fitar da larvae kuma da taimakon yatsan bakin ciki ɗaya suna tura abinci cikin makogwaron. An kafa hukuma bisa hukuma cewa dabba tana da ikon kama motsi na kwari a zurfin har zuwa mita huɗu.
Yana son karamar hannu da 'ya'yan itace. Tana neman 'ya'yan itacen, sai ta ci naman. Yana son kwakwa. Hakanan suna matsa su, kamar haushi, don tantance yawan madarar kwakwa a ciki, sannan kuma kawai a daskarar da irin abincin da suke so. Abincin ya hada da bamboo da kara. Kamar dai fruitsa hardan 'ya'yan itace mai ƙarfi, dabbar tana cizo a maɓuɓɓugar ɓangaren kuma tana zaɓar ɓangaren litattafan almara da yatsa.
Hannun Ay-ai suna da siginar sauti da yawa. A safiya, dabbobin suna da kwazo suna fara motsawa ta cikin bishiyoyin neman abinci. A lokaci guda, suna yin sauti mai ƙarfi, kamar na ƙara daga tsawar daji.
Don fitar da wasu mutane daga yankunanta, hannu zai iya yin ihu da karfi. Yana magana game da yanayin tashin hankali, yana da kyau kada ku kusanci irin wannan dabba. Wani lokacin zaku iya jin sob. Dabbar tana yin waɗannan sauti duk a gwagwarmayar yankuna masu wadatar abinci.
Dabba ba ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a sarkar abincin Madagascar ba. Ba sa farautar ta. Koyaya, sashe ne mai mahimmanci na yanayin yanayin tsibiri. Abin ban sha'awa shine, a tsibirin babu katako masu itace da tsuntsaye masu kama da su. Godiya ga tsarin ciyarwa, da hannu-da hannu yana yin “aikin” na katako - yana tsaftace bishiyoyin kwari, kwari da lardin su.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Kowane mutum yana zaune a cikin babban yankin da yake shi kaɗai. Kowane dabba yana alamar yankinsa kuma ta hakan zai kiyaye shi daga harin danginsa. Duk da cewa an kiyaye hannu hannu, komai yana canzawa yayin lokacin dattako.
Don jawo hankalin abokin tarayya, mace ta fara yin karar halayyar manya, tana kiran maza. Mates tare da duk wanda yaga kiranta. Kowace mace na ɗaukar ɗan sa kimanin watanni shida. Uwar ta shirya ɗakin saurayi mai kyau.
Bayan haihuwa, jariri yana ciki har tsawon watanni biyu kuma ya ci madarar uwa. Yana yin wannan har tsawon watanni bakwai. Toddlers suna da alaƙa da mahaifiyarsu, kuma suna iya kasancewa tare da ita har zuwa shekara guda. An kafa dabbar dabba a cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Abin sha'awa shine, 'yan saniya suna fitowa sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara biyu zuwa uku.
A matsakaici, jarirai yara kananan makamai yi nauyi kusan gram 100, babba zai iya yin nauyin gram 150. Lokacin girma baiyi aiki sosai ba, yara suna girma a hankali, amma bayan kimanin watanni shida zuwa tara sun isa nauyi mai ban sha'awa - har zuwa kilogram 2.5.
Wannan adadi yana canzawa, kamar yadda mata suke yin kasa da maza kuma sunada yawa. Samari an haife su da farin ulu. Launin rigar tana da kama da canza launin manya. A cikin duhu ana iya rikitar dasu cikin sauƙi, amma cuba cuban sun bambanta da iyayensu a launi launi. Idanunsu suna da launin toka mai haske. Hakanan zaka iya bambanta ta kunnuwa. Sun fi kusa da kai.
Hannun jarirai an haife su da hakora. Hakora suna da kaifi sosai, masu kamannin ganye. Canja zuwa ga asalin halitta bayan kimanin watanni huɗu. Koyaya, har yanzu abincin da ya girma yana canza shi zuwa hakoran madara.
Abubuwan da aka lura da dabbobi kwanan nan sun nuna cewa san sanduna sun fara yin abubuwa na farko daga gida bayan kusan watanni biyu. Suna fita ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan ba da daɗewa ba. Tabbatar ta kasance tare da mahaifiyar da ke lura da duk motsin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kuma tana jagorar su da alamun sauti na musamman.
Ba a san takamaiman rayuwar rayuwar wata halitta a zaman bauta ba saboda tabbas. An sani cewa a cikin gidan dabbobi dabbar ta rayu sama da shekaru 25. Amma wannan magana ce ta keɓe. Babu wani tabbaci na tsawon rayuwar makamai a zaman talala. A cikin yanayin halitta, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, rayu har zuwa shekaru 30.
Bayanin Cutar Hannun Madagascar
Ana kuma kiran Rukonozhkovy aye-aye. A shekara ta 1780, matafiya Pierre Sonner suka gano wadannan dabbobin a gabar yamma da tsibirin Madagascar. A yayin gano wata baƙon dabba, ya sha wahala mai ban tausayi.Yan gari sun ganshi a cikin gandun daji, nan da nan suka karɓi mai daɗin rai don neman wutar jahannama, sanadin masifa, shaidan a cikin jiki suka shirya farauta.
Mahimmanci! Abin takaici, har yanzu makamin Madagascar yana cikin hadarin halaka saboda lalacewar mazauni a yankin arewa maso gabas na Madagascar da kuma tsanantawa a cikin jamhuriyar ta Malagasy a zaman mai cutarwa na masifa.
Wannan karancin lectur an fara buga shi azaman rodent. Handan ƙaramin hannu yana amfani da yatsansa na tsakiya azaman kayan aiki don nemo kwari. Bayan danna kan bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar, sai ya saurara da kyau don gano motsi na kwaro. Nazarin ya nuna cewa AI (wannan wani ne daga sunaye) yana da ikon iya ƙayyade motsi na kwari a cikin zurfin mita 3.5.
Bayyanar
Musamman bayyanar hannun Madagascar yana da wuyar rikicewa tare da bayyanar kowace dabba. Jikinsa an rufe shi da wani ruwan duhu mai duhu, yayin da sauran suttura ya fi tsayi tare da iyakar fari. Abun ciki da kashin wuya sun fi sauƙi, gashi a wannan sassan jikin yana da launin fata mai launin fata. Hannun manyan ne. A saman manyan kunnuwa masu ganye ne, basu da ulu. Idanun suna da halayyar duhu mai launin shuɗi, launi na iris kore ko launin shuɗi-kore, suna zagaye da haske.
Hakora suna kama da juna ta hakoran ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna da kaifi sosai kuma suna girma gaba. A cikin girman, wannan dabba tana da girma fiye da sauran abubuwan nocturnal. Tsawon jikinsa shine cm 36 - 44, wutsiyarsa 45-55 cm, kuma nauyinsa da wuya ya wuce kilogiram 4. Girman dabba a cikin tsufa ya kai tsakanin kilogiram 3-4, 'Ya'yan an haifi ofan girman bene na dabino.
Hannun ya motsa, yana hutawa kai tsaye a kan wata gabar jiki, wadanda suke kan bangarorin jikin, kamar lemurs. A yatsan yatsan dogon doguwar yatsu ne. Yatsun farko na kafafun hular an sanye su da ƙusa. Yatsun tsakiya na gaba - kusan babu tsoka mai taushi da ɗaya da rabi fiye da sauran. Irin wannan tsari, haɗe tare da ci gaba da haƙoran haƙora, yana bawa dabba damar yin ramuka a cikin magudanar bishiyoyi kuma cire abinci daga can. Kafafun gaba suna dan guntu sama da kafafu na baya, wanda ke rikita motsin dabbar a doron kasa. Amma irin wannan tsarin yana sa ya kasance frog mai ban sha'awa. Yakan kware yatsunsa cikin kwari da rassan bishiyoyi.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Hannun Madagascar suna yin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Suna da wahalar gani, har ma da babban buri. Da fari dai, saboda suna lalata kullun da mutum, kuma na biyu, makamai basu shiga haske. Saboda wannan dalili, suna da wahalar ɗaukar hoto. Dabbobin Madagascar daga karshe suna hawa sama da kan bishiyoyi, suna kokarin kare kansu daga harin dabbobin daji da suke son su same su.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Aye-aye suna zaune cikin dazuka, a kan manyan rassa da kuma rassan bishiyoyi a cikin dazuzzukan Madagascar. An same su guda ɗaya, ƙasa da yawa a cikin nau'i-nau'i.
Da faɗuwar rana, duniyar-aye ta farka kuma ta fara rayuwa mai aiki, hawa da tsalle bishiyoyi, a hankali bincika dukkan ramuka da kabilu don neman abinci. A lokaci guda suna fitar da babbar kara. Suna sadarwa ta amfani da jerin sauti. Shoutwararrun tsawa suna nuni da tsokanar zalunci, tsawa tare da rufe bakin tana iya nufin rashin amincewa. Ana sauraren ɗan gajeren, raguwa sob dangane da gasar albarkatun abinci.
Sautin “yew” yana amsawa ne ga bayyanar mutum ko lemurs, “hi-hai” ana iya jin sa yayin ƙoƙarin tserewa daga abokan gaba. Wadannan dabbobin suna da wahalar kiyayewa. Kuma akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan. Yana da matukar wahalar dawo da shi saboda karancin “abinci mai ƙoshi”, kuma kusan ba zai yuwu ba don ɗaukar abincin da aka saba da shi. Bugu da kari, har ma da wani mashahurin mai son da zai so gaskiyar cewa dabbar dabbar sa kusan ba ta taba gani ba.
Mahalli na maza
Lowarancin jama'a yana sa yana da wahala a kiyaye waɗannan dabbobi. Saboda haka, har zuwa kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa mazaunin makaman yana da iyaka ga karamin yanki na gandun daji a gabar gabashin Madagascar. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, an samo AI a cikin wasu wuraren daji tare da duk gabar gabashin, har ma a cikin gandun daji mai laushi a arewa maso yamma har ma a cikin dazuzzukan daji na yamma. Ba a daure da takamaiman dokar ta zama ta farko ba. Hakanan za'a iya samunsa a cikin ciyawa da kuma a gonar kwakwa.
Halayya da Sakewa
An dauki lokaci mai tsawo ana cewa ai na iya haifar da yanayin rayuwa amma ka nemi abinci daya bayan daya. Amma masanin binciken Elinor Sterling, wanda yayi nazarin rayuwar wadannan lemurs a yanayi, ya gano cewa wasu dabbobin suna motsawa ne don neman abinci a nau'i-nau'i. Haka kuma, idan ɗayansu yana son hawa zuwa itacen na gaba, tabbas zai yi wasu sautuka, yana kira ga abokinsa da ya bi shi. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna riƙe da mace tare da namiji yayin wasannin ma'aurata (mace ta mamaye mafi girman matsayi), haka kuma mahaifiyar mai saniya.
Hannun ya yi girma a hankali. Matar na kawo rago ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3 bayan kimanin kwanakin 170 na ciki. Ga jariri, tana shirya wani babban gida na musamman, wanda aka liƙa tare da kwanciya mai laushi. Ana ciyar da madara uwar kimanin watanni 7. Amma koda bayan sauyin zuwa ciyar da kai, jariri ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa har tsawon wani lokaci: maza - har kusan daya, da mata - har zuwa shekaru biyu.
Ba a san takamaiman rayuwar rayuka a cikin daji ba, amma suna zaune ne a cikin gidajen dabbobi na dan wani lokaci, har zuwa shekaru 26.
Rayuwa ay-ay
Hannun ta ba dare ba rana. Yana ciyar da rana a cikin gida, wanda ta gina kanta daga rassa da ganyayyaki a tsawo na 10-15 m sama da ƙasa. Yana ɗaukar kusan kwana ɗaya don gina gida. Kowace dabba tana amfani da gidaje da yawa cikin tsari, kuma mutane daban-daban suna hutawa a cikin gida ɗaya kowace rana. Ai-ai ya fi son motsawa tare da rassan bishiyoyi, amma yana iya sauka zuwa ƙasa don tsallake shingen daji.
Hannun ba su da ƙarfi A wuraren da abinci yake da yawa, mutane da yawa zasu iya tattarawa lokaci daya, amma mata yawanci basa jure gaban juna.
Kowane mutum yana da ƙaddarar kowane mutum, yankin da ya fi hectare 30 yawa. Tare da taimakon alamun wari, fitsari da kururuwa, makamai suna nuna yankin su. Yankunan dabbobi maza da mata sun haɗu da wuraren mata.
Babban abincin abincin makamai shine larvae kwari da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin laushi na 'ya'yan itacen. Ai-ai baƙo ne da yake yawan zuwa wuraren shuka. Kafin ya fasa wani kwandon kwakwa, dabba tana jan 'ya'yan itacen don tantance shin akwai madara da yawa a ciki.
Ba'a san takamaiman adadin kananan makamai ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi ba; a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, tsinken idanunsu sunyi tsawo - har zuwa shekaru 26.
Sanctode Zoo Cub
Kariyar karewa
Unionungiyar Internationalasa da Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta ba da shawarar dabbobi. Ya goyi bayan shirin Dr. Jean-Jacques Petter na maida tsibiri na Nosy-Mangabe [en] ta zama ajiyar mallaka don hana ta kuma dakatar da mazaunan yankin daga samun ta. Yawan jama'ar ƙasar sun ɗauki wannan tsibiri mai tsarki, saboda haka ciyawar da take kanta ba ta taɓa kasancewa ba. A shekara ta 1967, an saki maza hudu da mata biyar na ai-tsibiri zuwa tsibirin, wadanda suka fara tushe sosai. A cikin duka, an kirkiro ajiyar ajiya guda 16 a Madagascar don adana makamai. Kuma kodayake don cikakkiyar ceton suna buƙatar kariya mai mahimmanci sosai, adadin dabbobi sun fara ƙaruwa da sannu-sannu. Zuwa 1994, akwai kusan 1000 daga cikinsu.Han yanzu ah, akwai abubuwa da yawa cikin ajiyar abubuwa. A yanzu (farkon 2000s), a cikin wuraren dabbobi kawai akwai kusan mutane 50.
Hannun a cikin al'adun Madagascar
Handarancin hannu yana haifar da tsananin tsoro a cikin Malgash. Sun yi imanin cewa mutumin da ya kashe mai gadin zai mutu ba zai wuce shekara guda ba. Sunansa na gaske a yaren Malgash har yanzu bai san ilimin kimiyya ba, saboda suna tsoron furta shi da babbar murya. Saboda wannan dalili, ba a ambaci dabbar da kullun a cikin tarihin adabin Malgash ba.
Sake bugun makamai na Madagascar
Mace na zama mai iya yin kiwo sau ɗaya kawai a kowace shekara 2-3, kuma a kowane sa'in, wanda ba shi da ma'amala ga ƙwaƙwalwa. Matar tayi shelar shirye-shiryenta don mating tare da tsawa da kuka tare da duk mazan da suka zo kiranta.
Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar kwanaki (17) zuwa 17 - 172, bayan wannan haihuwa ana haihuwar ɗa guda ɗaya. Mace tana shirya ɗakin farin ciki ga jariri, wanda ɗan sa bai bar wurin wata biyu ba. Ana ciyar da karamin ciyar da hannu tare da madara uwar aƙalla watanni 7, amma koda bayan sauyawar zuwa "gurasa kyauta", yana nan kusa da mahaifiyarsa har shekara ɗaya da rabi. Dabbobi sun isa lokacin balaga a cikin shekaru 2-3.
Adana hannun na Madagascar a yanayi
Hannun yana da haɗari kuma yana cikin jerin littafin. Ana fuskantar barazanar rayuwar wadannan lemurs a yanayi, da farko, ta lalacewar gandun daji. Mabiya camfi waɗanda ke ɗaukar zalunci-ah hargitsi na mutuwa kuma suna ƙoƙari su kashe a taro kuma suna haifar da lahani mai girma ga tunani. Suna kuma shan wahala daga manoma, a kan irin shuka da wadannan dabbobin za su yi garkuwa da su.
A wani lokaci, an dauki karamar aniyar shima daya daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya.
Abin farin ciki, binciken da aka yi a shekarun baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa hannu ya fi yaduwa fiye da yadda aka yi zato a baya, kuma jimlar adadin ay-ai ya fi adadin wasu nau'in lemurs yawa. Effortsoƙarin ƙoƙari don kiyaye jinsin suna ba mu wasu fata cewa irin wannan sabon dabba zai ci gaba da wanzuwa a duniyar tamu.
Habitat, mazauni
Zoogeographically makamai Madagascar suna wurin, a bayyane, a cikin duk ƙasar Afirka. Amma suna zaune ne kawai a arewacin Madagascar a cikin yankin daji na wurare masu zafi. Yana jagorantar rayuwar dabbobi. Ba ya son hasken rana, don haka a cikin kullun rana ƙaramin hannu yana ɓoye a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Mafi yawan ranar suna barci cikin natsuwa a cikin bukkoki ko rami, suna ɓoye a cikin wutsiyarsu.
Villages auyukan da ke da ƙafafun gado suna riƙe da yankuna kaɗan. Ba masoya ne masu ƙaura ba, kuma barin wuraren "zauna", kawai idan ya zama tilas. Misali, idan akwai barazanar rayuwa ko kuma idan abinci ya ƙare.
Madagaskar Rice
Don biyan bukatun yau da kullun don haɓaka da ci gaba da kiwon lafiya, hannuwan Madagascar yana buƙatar abincin da ke da wadataccen abinci da mai. A cikin daji, kusan kilo 240-342 da ake cinye kowace rana abinci ne tabbatacce a duk shekara. Tsarin menu ya ƙunshi 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwayoyi da tsire-tsire exudates. Breadfruit, ayaba, kwakwa, da kwayaran rakodi suma suna shiga kasuwancin.
Suna amfani da yatsunsu na uku na musamman a lokacin ciyar da daskararren jikin shellan itacen kuma suma abin da ke cikin su. Hannun hannu suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, gami da fruitsa ofan itacen Mango da dabino na kwakwa, ainihin kayan bamboo da rake, har ila yau suna ƙaunar gwoza bishiya da larvae. Tare da manyan hakora na gaban, suna cizon rami a cikin kwaya ko ƙyallen shuka sannan sai su zaɓi nama ko kwari daga ciki tare da yatsan babba na uku na goga.
Kiwo da zuriya
Kusan babu abin da aka sani game da haifuwar makamai. A cikin gidajen dabbobi, suna da matuƙar wuya. A nan ana ciyar da su madara, zuma, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ƙwai tsuntsaye. Hannu ba shi da izini a cikin haɗin. A yayin kowace ma'aurata, mace tana son mace da namiji fiye da ɗaya, don haka yana wakiltar maza da yawa. Suna da matattarar canjin lokaci mai tsawo. Abun lura a cikin daji ya nuna cewa tsawon watanni biyar, daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, suna haɓaka, ko alamun bayyane na bayyanar estrus a cikin mata. An lura da zagayen mace na mata daga kewayon har zuwa ranakun 21 zuwa 65 kuma ana saninsa da canje-canje a cikin farjin na waje. Wanne, a matsayin mai mulkin, yawanci ƙanƙane da launin toka a lokutan al'ada, amma sun zama babba da ja yayin waɗannan hawan keke.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Cutar ciki na faruwa daga ranakun 152 zuwa 172, kuma yawanci ana haihuwar jarirai ne tsakanin watan Fabrairu da Satumba. Tsakanin haihuwa akwai tazara tsakanin 2 zuwa 3. Wannan na iya haifar da ta hanyar jinkirin haɓaka ƙananan dabbobi da kuma babban matakin saka jari na iyaye.
Matsakaicin nauyin sabbin makamai daga 90 zuwa 140 g. A tsawon lokaci, yana ƙaruwa zuwa 2615 g ga maza da 2570 g ga mata. Yaran an riga an rufe su da ulu, wanda yayi kama da launi zuwa canza launi, amma sun bambanta da bayyanar da kore idanu da kunnuwansu. Har ila yau, jariran suna da hakora masu ganye, waɗanda suke canzawa yayin da suke shekaru 20.
Hannun suna da ɗan jinkirin matakan ci gaba idan aka kwatanta da sauran membobin aji. Abubuwan lura da wannan nau'in a farkon shekarar haɓaka sun nuna cewa matasa sun fara barin gida tun yana da makonni 8. Suna canzawa zuwa abinci mai sannu a hankali a makonni 20, lokacin da hakoran madara basu shuɗe ba, kuma har yanzu suna roƙon abinci daga iyayensu.
Wannan ci gaba da wannan jaraba ya faru ne saboda halayensu na musamman game da abinci. Matashi ah, a matsayin mai mulkin, cimma nasarar manya a cikin aikin motsi a watanni 9 na rayuwa. Kuma a balaga sun zo shekaru 2.5.
Abokan halitta
Hanyar sirri ta ɓoye cikin dazuka na hannun Madagascar, yana nufin cewa, a zahiri, yana da ƙarancin maƙiyan makiya a cikin ƙasarsu. Ciki har da macizai, da tsuntsayen da ke farauta da sauran “mafarauta”, waɗanda ƙananan su kuma a saukake dabbobinsu ke zama ganima, ba sa tsoron sa. A zahiri, mutane sune babbar barazanar wannan dabbar.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Bayanin ya sake zama an sake kwace makamai sakamakon kyamar da wasu mazauna yankin ke yi wanda ya yi imanin cewa ganin wannan dabbane mummunan halin ne, ba da daɗewa ba.
A wasu wuraren da ba su ji tsoro ba, an kama waɗannan dabbobin a matsayin tushen abinci. Babbar barazanar rushewa a yanzu ita ce ta lalacewa, lalacewar mazaunin kafafu, ƙirƙirar ƙauyuka a cikin waɗannan wuraren, waɗanda mazauna ke farautar su don nishaɗi ko ƙishirwa don riba. A cikin daji, igiyar hannu ta Madagascar zata iya zama ganima ga ramuka, haka kuma ɗayan manyan maharran Madagascar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Ay-ah dabbobi masu ban mamaki da suke da mahimmancin mambobi na yanayin halittar ƙasa na Malagasy. An yi amfani da hannun hannu azaman nau'in haɗari tun cikin 1970s. A cikin 1992, IUCN ya kiyasta cewa jimlar yawan mutanen za su kasance tsakanin 1,000 da 10,000 mutane. Rushewar mazauninsu na asali sakamakon mamayewar ɗan adam shine babbar haɗari ga wannan nau'in.
Hakanan zai kasance mai ban sha'awa:
Kari akan haka, wadannan dabbobin da ke zaune kusa da su suna farautar wadannan dabbobin, saboda sun ga kwari ko masu aika muggan abubuwa a cikinsu. A halin yanzu, ana samun waɗannan dabbobin a cikin yankuna aƙalla 16 a wajen Madagascar. A yanzu haka, ana daukar matakai don haɓaka mulkin mallaka.
Habitat mazaunin
Yankin yanki na hannun - Africanasar Afirka. Dabbobin suna zaune ne kawai a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi a arewacin tsibirin Madagascar. Shi mazaunin dare ne kuma baya son hasken rana sosai, saboda haka yakan ɓoye a kambi na bishiyoyi da rana.
Saboda yanayin rayuwa ne wanda hannu yake da manya-manyan idanu masu launuka masu haske ko launin shuɗi, waɗanda da kansu suke kama da kuliyoyi. Sukan yi barci da rana a cikin kogon bishiyoyi ko cikin gina gidaje daban-daban, suna tattarawa suna buya tare da dogayen dogayensu kuma m.
Suna sauka zuwa ƙasa da wuya, suna ɓatar da duk lokacin da suke kan rassa. Hannun bindigar yana raye a cikin karamin yanki, barin shi kawai idan abinci ya ƙare ko, idan a waɗannan wuraren, akwai haɗari ga rayuwar zuriyarsa.
Mazaunan yankin tsibirin Madagascar Malagasy suna da matukar damuwa rigar-hanci hannu. A cikin imaninsu, wannan dabba tana da alaƙa da mugayen ruhohi da aljannu. A waje, wani abu kuma da gaske wannan nau'in lemur yana kama da aljannu waɗanda aka zana a cikin zane-zane. A waɗancan wuraren, daga zamanin da aka yi imani cewa idan Malagasy ta gamu da ƙaramin hannu a cikin gandun daji, to a cikin shekara ɗaya zai mutu daga cututtuka daban-daban.
A wani lokaci wannan ya haifar da babban kisan mutum na mutumin wannan dabbar. Bugu da ƙari, biri-biri da dabbobi masu cin gashin kansu, waɗanda kawai suke ɗaukarsu azaman abinci ne, sun taimaka ga halakar. Saboda haka, makamai, a kan lokaci, mafi girma da girma sun tashi daga bishiyoyi, nesa daga ƙasa.
Saboda tsoron haske ne hotunan makamai ba yawa bane, saboda da dare, idan suna aiki, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar hotuna tare da walƙiya, wanda kawai yana tsoratar da dabbobi kuma suna da sauri su tsere zuwa wuraren asirce su.
Saboda ƙarancin wannan nau'in, ba duk wuraren kiwon dabbobi ke da irin wannan dabbar a matsayin ƙaramin hannu ba. Haka ne, kuma yanayin rayuwarsu yana da wahalar ƙirƙirar koda a cikin gidan zoo, kuma yana da matukar wuya a gani gabaɗaya, saboda, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, suna ɓoyewa daga haske yayin rana, kuma yawancin gidajen dabbobi basa aiki da dare.
A gida, kiyaye wannan lemur kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Ko da zai yiwu a horar da dabbobi don cin fruitsa fruitsan 'ya'yan itace mara ƙanƙanuwa da canzawa zuwa cin abinci mafi ƙaranci a garemu, to yanayin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba zai iya jan hankalin har ma ga wanda ya fi son dabbobi.