Matsayi na tsari
Fasali: Tsuntsaye - Aves.
Squad: Sifetik - Sakamakon Yawo.
Iyali: Flycatcher - Muscicapidae.
Duba: Dutse na Murƙushe - Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1766)

Matsayi 2 “Marassa karfi” - 2, HC.

Rarraba

Yankunan duniya: Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka, Eurasia. A cikin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha suna zaune da Caucasus, Altai, arewacin ƙarshen Lake Baikal da Rangular Barguzinsky. . Yankin kiwo na yanki ya kasu kashi biyu.

Ofayansu ya rufe yankuna na tsaunukan GKH daga tsaunin Fisht-Oshtenovsky zuwa kan iyaka da KCR. Wani rukunin yanar gizon yana kan ƙananan tuddai a cikin kusancin Gelendzhik da Novorossiysk. Wani lokaci ana yin rikodin tsuntsayen a cikin Tekun Gabashin Azov. A cikin KK, tsuntsu mai ƙaura.

Biyan kuɗi

Turai shudi dutse na murƙushewaMonticola mai kula da solitarius L. Namiji ne mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, manyan fuka-fukan fikafilai suna da shuɗi tare da kunkuntar launin iyaka, gashin fuka-fukai na launi iri ɗaya ne. A cikin sabon gashin tsuntsu bayan kaka molting gashinsa, tare da haske whitish kan iyakoki da duhu apical ratsi. Mace ta saman mai launin shuɗi-mai launin toka tare da orari ko ableasa mai nunin launin shuɗi kuma tare da iyakoki iri ɗaya kamar yadda namiji a cikin sabon gashin tsuntsu, ƙasan shine yadudduka-mai launin shuɗi da launin toka mai launin fari da duhu mai launin shuɗi. Youngan samari da kyawawan launuka. Idanun suna da launin ruwan kasa, ƙafafu suna da launin fata, lissafin baƙi ne, tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi na ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Wing game da 120-130 mm, da wuya ya fi girma, wutsiya game da 80-85 mm. Switzerland, Pyrenees, kudancin Faransa, Italiya, yankin Balkan, tsibiran na Rum, kudu zuwa arewacin Afirka, Minan Asiya, Falasdinu, yammacin Iran, a tsohuwar USSR - a cikin Caucasus.

Trans-Caspian Blue Stone DrondMonticola solitarius longirostris Launi mai kashewa ne - a cikin mace da na mace. Da ɗan ƙarami fiye da siffar Turai - reshe shine 112-125 mm, da wuya har zuwa 127 mm. S.-v. Iran, yankin Trans-Caspian (Kopet-Dag), wataƙila yammacin sassan Turkestan. Wintering a arewa-gabas. Afirka da NW Indiya.

Turkestan blue dutse mai murkushewaMonandola solitarius pandoo Yana da ɗan duhu ba kawai na baya ba, amma kuma na tseren Turai, namiji yana da duhu, mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi, mace ita ce launin launin fata mai launin shuɗi-baki ɗaya. Girman ƙananan ƙananan - reshe shine 110-121 mm. Daga Tibet da app. China zuwa Tien Shan, Ferghana, Alai, Pamir, Balochistan, Ladakh da Kashmir. Zuwa yamma, aƙalla zuwa Karatau, Samarkand da gabashin Bukhara (Kulyab). Masu cin nasara a Indiya, kudanci China da Ceylon.

Ussuri blue dutse mai murkushewaMonticola solitarius rnagnus. Ya bambanta da waɗanda suka gabata a cikin cewa maza suna da launin shuɗi mai haske, da ƙirjin, ciki, gindin zama da ruwan hoto mai launin shuɗi, mace suna da launin shuɗi daga ƙasa, masu duhu fiye da sauran siffofin daga sama. Dangane da wadannan siffofin M. s. magnus yayi kama da na kasar Sin M. s. philippensis. Miiller (Natursyst., Anhang, 1776, p. 142), amma girman tsuntsayen Ussuri ya fi girma - reshe na maza shine 120-129 mm, mata sune 115-125 mm, yayin da a cikin Sinanci daidai dabi'u sune 112-126 mm. Suna zaune a cikin tasirin Ussuri, a Tsibirin Askold, a Koriya da Japan, da kuma hunturu a kudu maso gabas. Na Asiya.

Alamomin waje na murhun shudi

Gwargwadon jikin murfin dutse mai kwatankwacin kwatankwacin kwatankwacin girman mai zane. Jikin tsuntsaye kusan 20 cm tsayi, fuka-fuki ya kai cm 33-37. Tsuntsu ya kai gram 50-70. Ana bambanta mata da maza ta launi na murfin gashin tsuntsu.

Blue dutse murkushe (Monticola solitarius).

Zumbin mace mai launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi, fuka-fukai da wutsiya mai gashin gashin duhu. Mace da matattakala suna da launin toka-mai launin ruwan hoda mai haske mai kyau na baya da kuma ratsi mai launi mai duhu akan baya, kirji, tarnaƙi, amaƙo mai amai. Umarfin maza yana ɗaukar hoto.

Rusarshen dutse na gabashin gabashin yana nuna bambance-bambancen nau'in halitta; suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da ciki.

Ruswarar dutse mai launin shuɗi, dangane da mazaunin mazaunin, suna da bambance bambancen mutum kuma sun bambanta cikin inuwar rairayi da yanayin waƙoƙin.

Bayyanar

A murhun shudi na shudi ne gabaɗaya ga ɓarnar dutse na dutse, amma ya bambanta da kyau a launi launin shuɗi gaba ɗaya, wutsiyar tana da ɗan tsawo. Dangane da halaye, ya fi kama da hita fiye da murma. Sau da yawa suna waka a kan tashi, yada fikafukai da wutsiya ko'ina A cikin murhun shudi na shudi, ana faɗakar dimorphism kuma duka biyun ana iya rarrabe su da junan su, bisa manufa, kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran wakilan duk abubuwan da ke tattare da ɓarnar dutse. Maza suna da launin shuɗi-da-shuɗi mai launin shuɗi (ofa ofan na Tsarin Far Eastern yana da ciki mai launin ja da launin shuɗi), kuma mace tana da launin toka-launin ruwan wuta mai haske. Iris na dukkan jinsi biyu launin ruwan kasa ne, kafafu baƙi ne, gemun baƙi ne. Suna da girman 20 cm, sun ɗan yi kaɗan fiye da taurari na yau da kullun. An kwatanta shi da halin rashin kunya.

Waƙa

Karin waƙoƙin murhun dutse na murfin shudi yana daɗaɗan sauti da melancholic. Zai zama sananne musamman idan sauran tsuntsayen suka yi shuru a cikin maraice ko lokacin ruwan sama. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, sautin mara haske yana bayyana a cikin waƙar murhun shuɗi na dutse. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan tsuntsu ya fara waka yayin da yake zaune a saman wani dutse, amma ya faru cewa yana waka yayin jirgi mai saukar kansa da wutsiyarsa, wanda ya ƙare tare da nutsewa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Thwarar dutse mai launin shudi tana nufin mafarautan da ke jiran ganima. Yana zaune a cikin wani wuri mai tsayi yana jira don abin da ganima ya faɗo a fagen hangen nesa. Abincinsa ya ƙunshi kwari da lardin su kuma, lokaci zuwa lokaci, daga berries, wanda yake karba kai tsaye daga ƙasa ko kuma ɓoye daga tsire-tsire. Wannan tsuntsu galibi yana zaune kusa da tafkuna, saboda yana shan abubuwa da yawa da kuma wanka a ruwa yau da kullun.

Kiwo

Kowane ma'aurata suna manne da ɗayan yanar gizo iri ɗaya yayin rayuwarta, wanda za'a iya kasancewa a cikin matattarar dutse ko karamin kogo. Wani ɓacin dutse mai dutse, wanda shine tsuntsu mai ƙaura, yana zaune a ciki a ƙarshen Maris kuma ya bar shi a watan Satumba. Gida an gina shi daga tushe da tushen tsire-tsire, kuma a ciki an yi shi da kayan gini. A watan Mayu, mace ta sanya kwai 4-6 na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi (ƙwai sun yi kama da ƙwai da ƙyallen dutse na dutse, amma wuta) kuma galibi ana rufe su da launin shuɗi-ja. Matsakaicin girman kwai shine 27.57 x 19.91 mm. Qwai ya kyankyashe kwanaki 12-13. Bayan haihuwa, kajin suna zama a cikin gida na kusan kwanaki 18, bayan wannan a watan Yuni suka sami ikon tashi. Don ɗan lokaci sukan kasance tare da iyayensu yayin jirginsu, sannan fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Misalin nau'in nau'in halittar cikin maza yana bayyana ne kawai a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na rayuwa.

Abubuwa na dabam

Yankin Asiya na Gabas, Yankin gabashin dutse mai launin shuɗi ya bambanta da kyau daga sauran ƙasashe tare da launin shuɗi mai haske, kuma mafi mahimmanci, kirji, ciki, kayan ciki da gumi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Mace a gefen ventral na jikinta tana da launin ruwan kasa, a gefe guda ya fi duhu fiye da sauran wata hanyar. Kuma a cikin Trans-Caspian blue dutse murkushe launi yana da kyau a kashe shi sama da na ƙasashen Turai da Turkestan.

Siffofin ilmin halitta da kuma ilimin halittu

Yankunan da ake keɓewa a wurare dabam-dabam sune wuraren da ke da ciyawa mai ciyawar ciyawa, da ke cike da tsaunukan dutse, daɗaɗɗun tuddai a kan tudu, da kuma tsaunin teku. Ana shirya mazaunin ƙasa ko a cikin kankara. A cikin kama 4-6 qwai. Rusaan itace suna ciyar da kwari da berriesan itace.

Yawaita da yanayin sa

A cikin yankin kudancin ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, an kiyasta adadin nau'in nau'ikan 5-15 dubu nau'i-nau'i. A cikin KK, jinsin suna da ƙananan adadi, daban-daban nau'ikan farauta suna da wuya. Akwai halayyar rage hauhawar tsuntsaye a cikin yankin Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk na kewayon. Adadin nau'ikan, bisa ga ƙididdigar masanan, basu wuce 20-30 nau'i-nau'i ba.

Ya zama dole da ƙarin matakan tsaro

Ana kiyaye murƙushe ɓarna na dutse a cikin yankuna na KGBPZ. Wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar wuraren kariya (abubuwan tunawa na halitta) a cikin yankin Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk na kewayon a cikin wuraren da ke cikin kowane nau'in tsuntsaye. Yaduwar yaduwar kariyar wannan nau’in da ke cikin hadarin yana da kyau.

Tushen bayanai. 1. Belik, 2005, 2. Kazakov, Bakhtadze, 1998, 3. Kazakov, Belik, 1971, 4. Oleinikov, Kharchenko, 1964, 5. Ochapovsky, 1967a, 6. Petrov, Kurdova, 1961, 7. Tsuntsayen Soviet Tarayyar, 1954b, 8. Stepanyan, 2003, 9. Turov, 1932, 10. IUCN, 2004. An kwafa. P.A. Tilba.

Blue dutse ya murkushe

Karin waƙoƙin murhun dutse na murfin shudi yana daɗaɗan sauti da melancholic. Zai zama sananne musamman idan sauran tsuntsayen suka yi shuru a cikin maraice ko lokacin ruwan sama. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, sautin mara haske yana bayyana a cikin waƙar murhun shuɗi na dutse. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan tsuntsu ya fara waka yayin da yake zaune a saman wani dutse, amma ya faru cewa yana waka yayin jirgi mai saukar kansa da wutsiyarsa, wanda ya ƙare tare da nutsewa.

Dubi abin da "Blue Stone Thumb" yake a cikin wasu ƙamus:

Blue dutse ya murkushe - Monticola solitarius gani kuma 18.15.5. Janus dutsen ya kakkabe Monticola Blue dutse mai murkushe Monticola solitarius Namiji ya kasance mai launin shuɗi gaba ɗaya tare da fuka-fukai masu baƙar fata da wutsiya, ciki mai launin shuɗi ne a cikin tsuntsaye daga Gabas nesa. Mata da yara ... ... Tsuntsayen Rasha. Littafin tunani

blue dutse murkushe - mėlynasis akmeninis strazdas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: yawa. Monticola solitarius angl. blue dutsen murkushe vok. Blaumerle, f. blue dutse murkushewa, m pranc. monticole merle bleu, m ryšiai: faranti madaidaiciya - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

Dutse Dutse - Monticola saxatilis gani kuma 18.15.5. Genus Stone ya murkushe Monticola Variegated dutsen murkushewa Monticola saxatilis Namiji tare da farin nuhvostu, kirji mai kauri da ciki, mace da matasa masu launin ja, wutsiya mai launin ja. Gidaje a tsaunuka ... ... Tsuntsayen Rasha. Littafin tunani

Dutsewar dutse - (Monticola) nau'in kayan tarihi daga wannan. blackbirds (duba). Wadannan tarko (Turdus, Merula) suna nan kusa da girman su, amma dangane da yanayin jiki da gemun sa sun fi kama da jan wuta. Yara takwas masu alaƙa da juna biyu suna zaune a cikin dutsen duwatsu na Tsohon Duniya da ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus da I.A. Efron

Blackbird - Turdus merula gani kuma 18.15.1. Blackbird Turdus blackbird Turdus merula Namiji ya baki baki daya tare da baki mai zaki da zobe a kusa da ido, mace da saurayi masu launin baki da wutsiya mai duhu, yanayin jujjuyawa akan kirji da haske ... ... Tsuntsayen Rasha. Littafin tunani

Fushin-da ke cikin farin gashi - Turdus torquatus gani kuma 18.15.1. Genus Turdus ya murƙushe Fushin tumatir danƙarar Turdus torquatus Manyan murkushewa (sanannan ya fi girma fiye da yadda ake yin tauraro). Namiji mai launin ruwan kasa baki ne tare da gwal mai haske da gashin fuka-fukai da fararen tabo a jikin goiter mai kama da fuka-fukai, fuka-fuki tare da farin ... ... Tsuntsayen Russia. Adireshin Wikipedia

Thwan dutse mai dutse mai shuɗi ya zama na iyalin flycatchers, tsari mai wucewa. An wakilta jinsunan da ƙananan hukumomi 5 da aka rarraba a Eurasia, Arewacin Afirka da Sumatra. Ana ɗaukar ɓarin dutse na dutse azaman alama ce ta jihar Malta.

Yawan halayen jan dutse mai murfi

Wani dutse mai dutse mai shuɗi ya manne da kwarin tuddai wanda ke kewaye da duwatsun. Tana zaune a tsawan sama da nisan mita dubu 3 sama da matakin teku. Tana fifita tekun teku, rushewar gine-gine, wanda aka tarar har ma a cikin ƙauyukan ɗan adam. Yana zaune cikin busassun dutsen da kuma tsaunukan bakin teku tare da maɓuɓɓugai, alkama, fasa, ledoji, an rufe shi da tsiren tsiro ko tsirrai.

A bluebird yana zaɓar inda ake zaune a kan tsaunin dutse kusa da bakin koguna da kan tsaunin dutse, ba da nisa da tekun bahar.

A kasar Sin, yana zaune a cikin kasar, musamman a arewa maso gabas. A halin yanzu, mazaunin dutse bluebird bai canza ba sosai.

Siffofin halayyar murhun bakin dutse

Ana sanya ɓarnar dutse mai launin shuɗi kaɗai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i akan duwatsu, kankara, a ƙasa. Waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen marasa kunya ne. Suna tashi da sauri kuma tare da fuka fuka-fukai masu ƙarfi, sun sami damar sauka akan fikafikan buɗe rabin. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin tsuntsaye kusa da kandami. Suna son yin iyo da sha da yawa. Bugu da kari, kwari da yawa koyaushe suna tashi kusa da ruwa.

Maza masu launin Bluebird suna kwaikwayon muryoyin wasu tsuntsayen. Suna raira waƙar tafiye-tafiye, ko zaune a kan tudu, masu son haihuwa da babbar murya da sauti mai ƙarfi. Idan akwai haɗari, ana fitar da babbar kukan - “rajistan shiga”.

Jikiran furannin dutse sukan yi birgima daga dutse zuwa dutse. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci sukan ɗaga ƙaramin wutsiyarsu, suna tsalle a ƙasa.

Da yawa daga murhun shudi na dutse

Yawan nau'in nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cikin kewayon ba su da yawa. A bakin dutse na Primorye, akwai tsuntsaye 1, marasa galihu 2, tsayin kilomita 1. A wasu ƙasashen turai, tsibiri masu bangon dutse suna da saurin zama tsuntsaye saboda asarar wuraren zama masu dacewa saboda lalacewar muhalli.

Karin waƙoƙin murhun dutse na murfin shudi yana daɗaɗan sauti da melancholic.

Tsayar da shudin dutse murkushe

Matakan tsaro a cikin Lazovsky, Sikhote-Alinsky, da Far Eastern Reserve sun dace da murhun shudin dutse. Ba a haɓaka abubuwan musamman ba. Ta hanyar kiyaye mazaunin ciki, zaku iya ƙara yawan ɓarnar dutse mai shuɗi. A matakin kasa da kasa, an murƙushe murfin shuɗi a cikin SPES 3, Yarjejeniyar Bonn (Shafi na II), da Bernese Thrush (Shafi na II), azaman nau'in da ke buƙatar kariya da daidaitawa.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar .

Kyau mai kyau don adanawa da kuma rukuni na nau'in mallakar halittar dutse na toshewa - Monticola. Akwai nau'ikan 3 a cikin fauna. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna nuna ƙarancin jima'i a launi. Varar maren da ake magana da shi na dutse mai laushi (Monticola saxatilis) an yi zane mai haske sosai. Kansa da wuyarsa shuɗi ne, bayarsa da fuka-fukansa masu duhu ne, ƙusoshinsa farare ne, ƙanƙanin jikinsa tan. Yana zaune ne a cikin tsaunin tsaunin kudu maso yamma da Tsakiyar Siberiya, da kuma cikin tsaunukan Asiya ta Tsakiya, Caucasus da Carpathians. Yana zaune cikin busassun maɓuɓɓuka na tuddai, an rufe shi da ciyayi mai ƙyalli.

Halin aikin murkushe dutse an san shi da ɗimbin sautsiyoyi da bututu na wutsiya.

Waƙar ta ƙunshi abubuwan jin daɗi mai daɗi, kunci da gwiwoyi suna kwaikwayon sauran tsuntsaye. A. Brem ya rubuta cewa: “Waƙoƙin suna da kyau, masu wadata da yawa, daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗa, a lokaci guda mai ladabi da ƙuna, ya bambanta musamman a wannan, ya danganta da wurin mawaƙa yana zaune, kuma a kan baiwarsa, ya ƙunshi jumla da gaba daya daga wakokin sauran tsuntsayen, kamar su kidan daddare, bahar mudu, songird, warbler, filin da kuma larpe, dabbar tsuntsaye, tsuntsu mai launin ja, farar fata, kayan masarufi, gulma hazel har ma da zakara. " A lokaci guda, gwiwoyi na tsuntsaye masu kwaikwayon da aka yi da dutsen da ke kwance mai ƙarfi suna da kyan gani.

Ginin tsuntsayen an gina su tsakanin duwatsu ko a cikin dutse. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda aka sako-sako da kayayyakin gini daga shingen shuka. An ɓoye su da fasaha sosai, saboda haka yana da wahala a same su. Clutch ya ƙunshi 4-6 kore-shuɗi mai qwai. Iyayen sun hada kwai da ciyar da kajin.

A gida, ana ciyar da tarko na dutse kamar yadda ake yin ɓarnatattun abubuwa. Ciyar da kai tana zama mai ban sha'awa. Sun sami damar yin kiwo a cikin kofofin buɗe ido, ciyar da kajin sauran nau'in. A. Brem ya yi imanin cewa "ana iya kirgawa a amince cikin manyan tsuntsayen gidaje da ke wanzu a Turai."

Kadan daga gare shi cikin waƙoƙin iyawa blue dutse murkushe(Monticola solitarius) wanda yake jin daɗin, duk da haka, suna a matsayin kyakkyawan mawaƙi sosai. Tana zaune a duwatsun Kudancin Turai, Arewacin Afirka, Asiya gabas zuwa tekun Pasifik, inda take zaune a kan tsaunukan bakin teku. Maza na ƙasashen yamma suna da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma maƙoshin gabashin gabashin ƙawancen biyu-launi ne - babba da kai, kai da wuya akwai shuɗi, ciki da ciki kuma launin ja ne. Mace, kamar sauran tsirar dutse, suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi maimakon launi mara launi. Suna da kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi a wuyarsu.

Bluebirds a kasashen na Rum, musamman a Girka da Malta ana daukar su a matsayin mawaƙa na ɗaki. Ciyarwa, da aka kwashe daga kuli ta kajin, ana amfani da su sosai ga bauta.

Koyaya, ga mafarautan gida, wanda aka fi so a tsakanin ɓoye dutse daji dutse murkushe(Monticola gularis) . Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na kudu maso gabas kuma ya faɗi cikin sel masu ƙauna ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Shi ɗan 'dan uwansa ne. Maza suna da shuɗar “shuɗi” da kafadu, da kuma webs na waje da fuka-fukan wutsiya. Matsawa da tabo a jikin fikafikan su fari. Don haka ya sake ɗaukar wani suna - farin-mai durƙushewa . Gefen kai, fuka-fukan da wutsiya launin ruwan kasa-baki ne. Matar ta baya, fuka-fukai da wutsiyarta sune launin toka-toshiya, a bayanta akwai alamun duhu, '' '' '' '' 'kai a kai,' yan 'kasa a jiki suna da kyau. Ba kamar danginsu da ke zaune a kan dutse ba, dutsen dutsen da ke zaune ya cika mazauna gandun daji da dama tare da tsaunukan tuddai. Ba shi da yawa, yawan belongan arewa suna cikin tsuntsaye masu ƙaura.

A cikin wakarsa akwai sautuka masu kyawu. Wannan, har ma da kyakkyawan bayyanar sa da kuma ƙaramin girman sa, sa dutsen dutsen ya zama mai daɗaɗar dabbar dabbar da ta karɓi tarin tarin tsuntsaye.

Vladimir Ostapenko. "Tsuntsaye a cikin gidan ku." Moscow, "Ariadia", 1996