Lizards dabbobi masu rarrafe sune halittu iri daban-daban. Kuna iya nemo hotunan mayuka iri iri da kuma bayanin rayuwar su ta hanyar karanta wannan labarin.
Zuwa yau, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa masu liwadi sune mafi girma a cikin rukunin mutane masu rarrafe (dabbobi masu rarrafe). Mafi yawan lokuta muna kiran masu rauni wadanda basu da komai. Anyi amfani da mu gaskiyar cewa masu maye shine dukkan wakilan dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke gudana akan ƙafa huɗu kuma suna da dogon wutsiya. Amma za ku yi mamakin sanin cewa masana kimiyya suna magana ne game da masu shayarwa, galibi kawai wakilai ne na iyayen gwanaye, sauran kuma kamar su: agamas, skinks, saka idanu masu lizards, iguanas da geckos - wani rukuni ne daban.
Bari muyi zurfafa zurfin lamuran lemu. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da girman matsakaici, kodayake ana samun ƙananan nau'in halitta a cikinsu. Ainihin, tsawon jikin muzarar ya kai daga cm 20 zuwa 40. Kuma lilar lu'u-lu'u kawai zata iya yin girma zuwa santimita 80. Amma wata ƙungiya dabam a cikin gidan masu haɗarin gaske, wanda ake kira cututtukan ƙafa da bakin, suna da girman santimita 10.
Dogon wutsiyar ba ya tsoma baki tare da ƙanƙan ƙanƙan ƙanƙan ƙanƙan ƙwaya ɗaya, yana taimaka masa wajen juya shi tsakanin mai ciyawar.
Gaskiya masu haɗarin gaske sun bambanta da irin nasu (sauran dabbobi masu rarrabe) ta hanyar ƙarni. Misali, macizai baza suyi alfahari da irin wannan tsarin na idanu ba, saboda kwayar idanun su suna hade. Dukkanin lizzai suna da jiki mai tsawo da kuma wutsiya mai fadi. Wani salo na musamman dake nuna maye shine iyawar halitta ta cin gashin kanta. Menene wannan Wannan shine babban jujin wutsiya wanda koda yara kanana suka sani! Gabaɗaya, amincin kimiyya na ma'anar kalmar cin gashin kansa yana kama da ra'ayi game da "lalata kansa", i.e. cutarwa da gangan.
Viviparous lizard (Lacerta vivipara, ko Zootoca vivipara).
A'a, kada kuyi tunani, masu shahararrun dabbobi suna yin irin wannan dabarar ba daga rayuwa mara amfani ba kuma gajiya! Kadai bege ne kawai da kusancin mutuwa lokacin saduwa da makiyi zai iya haifar da karaya ya karya kashinta ya watsar da wutsiyarsa, wanda, a hanyar, zaiyi kokawar na wani lokaci, kamar dai yana raye, yana mai jan hankalin wani mai fada da yaudarar shi. A wannan lokacin, jijiya kanta, kusan duka, amma tana raye, da sauri ta bace daga gani.
Lu'u lu'u-lu'u, ko kayan kwalliya (Lacerta lepida).
Launin lizards shine koyaushe haɗuwa da inuwa da yawa: launin ruwan kasa, kore da launin toka. Amma dangane da mazauninsu da bangarorin hawa, Lizards na iya samun fatar, misali, rawaya. Kuma wasu nau'ikan an ma yi musu ado da inuwa mai haske: ja, azure, shuɗi.
Kwayar jima'i a cikin wadannan halittu masu rarrafe ana bayyana mai rauni sosai, don haka kusan zai yuwu a rarrabe lizarin namiji da mace mai tsirara, idan baku ƙwararrun likitocin dabbobi bane. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa lizards ba su da igiyoyin sauti kuma sabili da haka suna yin shiru koyaushe, amma a cikin yanayin babu wani keɓancewa, daidai ne? Saboda haka, akwai "sautin" murya a duniya, wacce ake kira Lizard Shtekhlin da Simon, wannan tsirarrun halittun suna zaune ne a tsibirin Canary. Idan hatsari ya riske ta, sai ta fitar da wani abu kamar na maye.
Mai sauri, ko kuma mai saurin magana (Lacerta agilis).
A yau, wakilan waɗannan alamu suna zaune Turai, Afirka da kuma ɗan Asiya. Amma ba za ku gamu da su a Madagascar ba, a kudanci Kudancin Asiya da yankuna tsibirin a tekun Indiya. Amma, da zarar an kawo ƙasashen Amurka, masu haɗari cikin nishaɗi sun samo tushe a can kuma an sami nasarar yin birgima. Hakikanin ruwa masu tsinkaye sun fi son gandun daji, bishiyoyi, kwari, jeji, ciyawa, tuddai, lambuna, bankunan kogi, har ma da tsaunuka kamar biotopes. Ba sa jin tsoron tsauni da tsayi, saboda waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna tafiya daidai da biyu a sararin sama da na tsaye.
Lizards suna aiki da yawa yayin hasken rana. Abincin nasu yana kunshe ne da dabbobi marasa ma'ana, amma wani lokacin maƙarƙashiya na iya kewaye kan ƙaramar ƙashi ko maciji, har ma mafiya yawanci suna cin ƙwayayen tsuntsaye. Amma galibi waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna cin gizo-gizo, buɗaɗɗun kwari, ƙwari, katantanwa, tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi, tsintsaye da sauran ƙananan mazaunan fauna.
Shtehlin Lizard (Gallotia stehlini).
Yin haifuwa na faruwa a cikin ƙwallan sau da yawa a cikin kaka ɗaya, kodayake mafi yawan jinsunan suna da 'ya'ya sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Mace sun kwanta, sannan su binne a cikin ƙasa, ƙwai, adadin su na iya bambanta daga 2 zuwa 18 (gwargwadon girman ƙwaryar lila). Shiryawa yana daga kwanaki 21 zuwa makonni 6 (dangane da yanayin zafin jiki). Wasu nau'ikan alaƙa suna da lahani; suna haihuwar san na tsawon watanni 3. Lizards suna rayuwa ne daga shekaru 3 zuwa 5.
Babban maharbar farauta su ne: baƙaƙe, macizai, masai, masarauta, shrikes, hoopoes, crows da ƙananan falmo.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Lizard: bayanin, tsari, halaye. Me liba yayi kama?
Yawancin lokaci, ƙwararar kwatsam suna da dabbobi masu rarrafe da kafafu, amma da yawa daga cikinsu ba tare da kafafu ba nasu ne. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan shayarwa, gwargwadon kimar masana halittun dabbobi a duniyarmu akwai nau'ikan lizards sama da 6000, kuma dukkansu, hakika sun banbanta da dabi'unsu, bayyanar su, launi da kuma mazauninsu. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan alamomin musamman masu lalatarwar yanzu suna gab da hallaka, kuma saboda wannan ne aka jera su a cikin littafin farko.
Abinda akafi sani na hakika na ainihi yana da tsawon tsayi 10-40 cm Jikin layin yana da tsayi, na roba, yana da tsawo kuma yana da wutsiya mai tsayi.
Ba kamar danginsu na macizai ba, masu lizada suna motsawa da raba idanu. Kafafun lizard suna da tsayi tsayi, mallaka da fuka-fukai kuma gwargwado daidai yake da jikinsa wanda aka rufe da sikelin keratinized. Fatar macen da take fitar da ita yayin motsin wasu lokutan a cikin lokutan, a wasu yaruka na duniya, wannan fasalin mai ban mamaki na waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe don canza fata har ma ya basu suna. Musamman, a cikin yarenmu, kalmar "lizard" ta fito daga tsohuwar kalmar Rashanci "saurin", wanda ke nufin "fata", ko "fata" idan ƙarin wallafe-wallafen.
Harshen harshe, ya dogara da nau'in halitta, yana da nau'i daban-daban da girmansa, gaba ɗaya yana da hannu, kuma yana sauƙaƙewa daga bakin. Kuma wasu lamuran suna amfani da harshensu don kamun kifi kwata-kwata.
Hakoran masu maye kuwa su ne makamansu, da taimakonsu suna kamawa da niƙa abinci, kuma ga haƙoran haƙora haƙora na zahiri. Daga cikin masu shayarwa har ila yau akwai kawai wakilin mai guba, mai suna daidai - haƙori mai lalacewa, wanda, tare da cizo, ya sanya guba a cikin wanda aka azabtar, don haka ya kashe shi.
Fata na fata mai laushi yana da, dangane da jinsin, yana iya samun launuka iri-iri da alamu.
Hakanan launi (launuka) na masu amfani da ruwan shaye kuma sun bambanta, wanda yawancin jinsinsu zasu iya canzawa dangane da halin da ake ciki, wani lokacin haɗuwa a zahiri tare da yankin da ke kewaye - kwaikwayon launi shine ɗayan manyan hanyoyin kariya. Yawancin lokaci, lizards suna da haɗin launin toka, launin ruwan kasa da launuka masu launin shuɗi.
Ta yaya macizai suka bambanta da masu maye?
Wadancan nau'ikan luwadi wadanda basu da kafafu kusan iri daya ne a fuskoki kamar macizai. Irin waɗannan lamuran sun haɗa da, alal misali, kifin jan ƙarfe, wanda da yawa ke ɗaukar maciji, ko da yake a zahiri shi kasha ce wacce ba ta da kafafu. Amma ta yaya za a bambance irin wannan shararrar mara lafiyar ta macizai na zahiri?
- Bambanci na farko tsakanin macizai da masu lila sune fatar ido. Da macizai, kuliyoyin sun cika kuma suka zama masu amfanuwa, wannan dalilin macizan baya birki. A cikin lizz, akasin haka, ƙyallen idanu ke da hannu kuma suna lanƙwasa a cikin tsarin abubuwansu.
- Macijin bashi da gabobin ji, amma akiya na da su; a garesu biyu na kunnuwan bude bakin kunne suke.
- Zaman daji da macizai da masu bushewa suna faruwa ne ta hanyoyi daban-daban, macizai suna ƙoƙarin zubar da fatar jikinsu a ɗaya ya faɗi, kafin suyi ruwa, ƙwararrun masu liz ɗin suna zubar da sannu a hankali, suna faɗuwar fatar da guntu biyu.
Ta yaya zaka bambanta newt daga lizard?
Hakanan, wasu lokuta masu haɗari suna rikicewa da sababbin, kuma, ba shakka, suna da abubuwa da yawa gama gari: tsari mai kama da paws da jiki, macijin kamar-maciji, dogon wutsiya mai zagaye, gashin ido mai motsi da ƙari mai yawa. Amma har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance da dama tsakanin sa:
- Bambanci mafi mahimmanci shine daban-daban tsarin fatar, idan masu lizards suna da kullun fatar fata, to, a cikin sababbin ya zama cikakke kuma mucous ga taɓawa.
- Sabbin kwari ba su san yadda za su jefa wutsiyarsu ba, yayin da masu sassauƙa zazzagewa cikin sauƙi kuma kawai su rabu da wannan sashin jikinsu idan akwai haɗari.
- Zaƙƙarfan gurguzu yana da daskararren kwancen fatar;
- Yayinda masu maye suke yin numfashi na musamman tare da taimakon huhun, sababbi suna da ikon yin numfasawa, tare da huhun da hancin, har ma da taimakon fatarsu.
- Idan masu ruwayoyi sukanyi gatanan ta hanyar kwanciya qwai, to sababbi suna shugabantar da tsarin haihuwarsu kamar kifi - cikin ruwa kuma ta hanyar yawo.
Wutsiyar lizard. Ta yaya mayya take kunna wutsiyarta?
Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki da sifa na musamman na masu amfani da kayan maye, ba shakka, shine iyawar sa ta jefa wutsiyarsa a cikin yanayin gaggawa, ko autotonia, kamar yadda ake kiran wannan sabon abu a kimiyance. Ta yaya hakan ke faruwa? Thearfin tsokoki na tsoka mai ɗaukar nauyi ya ba shi damar karya sashin katako na jijiya don haka ya watsar da mafi yawan wutsiya. Jirgin jini a wannan yanayin kunkuntar ne, kuma kusan babu asarar jini yayin wannan aikin. Wutsiyar da aka watsar tana ci gaba da yawo na ɗan wani lokaci, wanda ke nesanta abokan gaba, kuma maharbi ya sami damar ɓoyewa a wannan lokacin. A tsawon lokaci, wutsiyar Lixar ta sake girma, kodayake ta wani ɗan gajeriyar hanya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hakanan yana faruwa cewa bayan autotonia, ba ɗaya ba, amma biyu ko ma wutsiyoyi uku suna girma a cikin lila.
Ta yaya zaka bambanta maganin mace tsakanin mace?
Maƙatan miji da na mace kusan iri ɗaya suke, duk da cewa akwai alamu da yawa waɗanda mutum zai iya tantance jinsi na masu haɗarin.
- A cikin wasu nau'ikan lemu, kamar basilisks da kore iguanas, maza suna da kyakyawan launuka a bayansu.
- Spurs a kan kafafu wata alama ce ta "mutum" tsakanin masu haɗari.
- Hakanan zaka iya ƙayyade jinsi na masu liwadi ta hanyar jikunan makogwaron da wasu nau'ikan ke da shi.
Gabaɗaya, duk hanyoyin da za a tantance jima'i na masu maye bai zama cikakke ba, kuma yana yiwuwa a sani tabbas ko saurayi ko budurwa zasu iya yin wannan ta hanyar gwajin jinin liwadi don maganin testosterone da aka yi a asibitin kwararru na dabbobi.
Lizada nawa ne ke rayuwa a gida da gida?
Tsawon rayuwar masu kara kuzari ya dogara ga nau'ikansu, yawanci, gajarta gajarta, guntu tsawon rayuwar sa. Don haka ƙananan wakilai na mulkin masu shayarwa suna rayuwa a matsakaici game da shekaru 3, yayin da mafi girma: iguanas da masu lura da masu shayarwa suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 50-70, kusan kamar mutane. Kuma a cikin zaman talala, suna rayuwa fiye da haɗarin yanayi.
Ina masu maye suke rayuwa?
Lizards suna zaune a duk nahiyoyi, ban da na Antarctica. Gabaɗaya, suna son yanayin dumama, ana iya samun su a cikin gandun daji, makiyaya, kwari, hamada na kowane ɓangare na duniya. Suna motsawa ta kowane bangare, suna manne da su tare da sanya hannunsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: nau'in dutsen da ke lizards mafiya kyawun tsalle ne, tsalle-tsalle na su kuma wasu lokuta zasu iya zuwa mita 4.
Me lizarya suke ci a yanayi?
Lizards dabbobi ne masu yawan gaske; bayan komai, sun fi kama da ƙarancin abincin da abincin abincinsu ya dogara da nau'ikan kudarsu. Lianan ƙananan maƙarƙashiya suna cin kwari iri-iri: malam buɗe ido, ciyayi, farau, katantan, tsutsotsi daban-daban. Manyan kuzari, alal misali, masu lura da lafiyar masu shayarwa ga kananan dabbobi da yawa: kwaɗi, macizai, bera, basu damu da cin ƙwai na tsuntsaye ba. Kuma manyan manyan masu iya magana - masu sanya ido daga tsibirin Komoda har ma suna kai hari boars, kwari da barewa.
Lizards sun fara tsere wa abin da suka farauto, sai a yi saurin hanzari kuma a cim ma su ta haƙoransu da haƙoran haƙoransu.
Tunda ƙwararrun ruwayoyi ne masu rai, suna iya cin abincin ganyayyaki - fure daga tsire-tsire, 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke, ganyayyaki. Akwai nau'ikan alaƙa waɗanda ke jagorantar rayuwar mai cin ganyayyaki gaba ɗaya, amma yawancin larabci har yanzu suna son cin nama.
Abokan gishirin yanayi
Amma masu iya magana da kansu, a cikin yanayi na yanayi, suna da abokan gaba da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai, har da danginsu na kusa, alal misali, masu shayarwa iri ɗaya suna murna da wasu ƙananan masu shayarwa. Tsuntsaye masu cinyewa (mujiya, gaggafa, shaho), dabbobi masu ƙifta-fata: dawakai, dabbar bera, kyarkeci, martens, wani lokacin har ma da kuliyoyi. Babban haɗari ga masu haɗari masu yawa shine macizai.
Infa tawagar
Waɗannan sun haɗa da waɗannan iyalai:
- haƙiƙa masu rai a Eurasia, Afirka da Amurka,
- nozurnal lizards da ke zaune a Cuba da Amurka ta Tsakiya,
- 'yan birni -' mazaunan '' Sahara da Fr. Madagascar
- skink - zauna ko'ina, musamman a cikin tsaunin zafi,
- Theiids - suna zaune a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka,
- girk-wils - zauna kudu da Sahara da Madagascar,
- hymnophthalmids - aka rarraba daga kudu ta Tsakiyar Amurka zuwa kudu ta Kudancin Amurka.
'Yan wasan da aka hana
Wannan ya haɗa da wakilan manyan haɗarin haɗari - masu lura da lizards, waɗanda kuma sun kasu cikin iyalai da yawa. Lizards suna zaune a yawancin sassan Afirka, Asiya, Australia, da kuma a New Guinea da yawancin tsibiran Oceania.
Komodo lizard - mafi yawan lizard a duniya
Kuma mafi haɗari. Komodo lizari, mafi girma a cikin dukkanin tsoffin masu maye a duniya, sun cancanci ambata ta musamman. Komodo masu lura da masu lalata suna zaune a Indonesia a tsibirin Komodo kuma suna mamakin yadda suke da girman abin kawai - Komodo mai lura da lafiyar maciji ya kai tsawon mita 3, yana nauyin kilogram 80-85. Ba abin mamaki bane, wadannan manyan gizagizai ma wani lokaci sukan kaiwa dabbobi hari.
Hakanan mummunan haɗari na Komodo shima haɗari ne, wanda ya hada da ɗan adam - an sami yawaitar hare-hare na waɗannan masu haɗarin a kan mutanen da suka ƙare da mutuwa.
Lizard kiwo
Lokacin damuna a cikin ciyayi yakan faru a lokacin bazara ko a farkon lokacin bazara. Manyan manyan lizards sukan zama sau daya a shekara, karami sau daya a kakar. Idan da yawa maza suna yin da'awar zama mace ɗaya, to, sai ta sami mafi girma daga cikinsu. Angarancin maza pangolins sun gwammace kada suyi yaƙi da abokin adawar mai ƙarfi. Koyaya, idan girman masu nema daidai yake, to fa yaƙi ya barke tsakanin su, a yayin da maza ke cin mutuncin juna. A sakamakon haka, mace tana samun nasara mai ƙarfi.
Wasu lokuta bayan hadi, mace mai ciki ta sanya qwai, kananan lizards suna sa qwai 4 a lokaci guda, yayin da kuma manya za su iya kwanciya zuwa qwai 18 a lokaci guda. Girman kwai kuma ya bambanta, alal misali, a cikin karamin gez-tock gecko, girman ƙwai bai wuce milimita da yawa ba tsayi, yayin da a cikin ƙararrakin kwalliyar Komodo, ƙwai yana da tsawon 10 cm.
Masu shayarwa uwar giya suna binne gawawwaki a karkashin kasa ko kuma su ɓoye a wurare da yawa, wuraren ɓoye, wuraren ɓoyewa. Lokacin shiryawa cikin qwai a cikin lizard yana daga makonni 3, har zuwa watanni 1.5, bayan wannan lokacin ƙaramin lizabi ya bayyana, wanda zai fara rayuwa kai tsaye.
Yaya za a ciyar da shayarwa a gida?
Kuma da yawa nau'ikan nau'ikan zazzabi masu lafuzzan dabbobi sune mashahurin dabbobi masu laushi, daga cikinsu akwai, the Yemmeme, bebaye agama, hakama na gaskiya da sauransu. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, masu iya magana zasuyi kyau kuma suna jin kwanciyar hankali. Amma idan har yanzu kuna yanke shawara don samun mai sayan dabbobi, to za ku iya fuskantar tambayar dacewa ta ciyar da dabbobi da yawa masu yawan gaske.
An yi sa'a, dangane da cin abinci, ƙwararru ba mai fara'a ba ne, a cikin lokacin dumama yana buƙatar ciyar da shi sau uku a rana, kuma a cikin hunturu, saboda ƙarancin aikin mai shaye da kansa, ana iya ciyar da shi sau biyu kawai a rana. Da kyau, tsutsotsin abinci, ciyawar ciyawa, gizo-gizo, ƙwayayen kaji da guntun nama sun dace azaman abinci don mai kara. An ce lizards suna matukar son cakuda kaji da aka yanka, karas da karas da leas.Hakanan yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa mai shayarwa a cikin terrarium koyaushe yana da tsarkakken ruwan sha.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da masu lizards
- Basilisk lizards suna iya motsawa akan ruwa. Kuma wannan ba wani mu'ujiza bane na littafi mai tsarki, amma ka'idar dabi'a ta dabi'a, ana samun motsin ruwa ta hanzari da kuma rarrabe kwatancen tsokoki.
- Lizards, kamar sauran dabbobi, ba sa bambanta launuka, amma ba kamar yawancin su waɗanda ke ganin duniya cikin baƙi da fari ba, masu lizards suna kallon ta ta gilashin lemu a cikin ma'ana ta zahiri - suna ganin duniya gaba ɗaya launuka daban-daban na orange.
- Gourmets na Colombian suna ɗaukar ƙwai wasu ƙwararrun lizards a matsayin mafi kyawun abincin. Harma suna kama ƙwararrun mata masu ciki da iguanas, suna yanyanka, suna fitar da ƙwayayensu, suna shafa itacen ash a cikin rauni kansa, bayan haka an sako mace, ƙwai kuma suka tafi teburin cin abinci.
Bidiyon lizard
Lokacin rubuta labarin, Na yi ƙoƙarin sanya shi mai ban sha'awa, da amfani kuma mai inganci sosai. Zan yi godiya ga kowane ra'ayi da kuma zargi mai zurfi a cikin hanyar sharhi a kan labarin. Hakanan zaka iya rubuta burinka / tambaya / shawarwari ga [email protected] ko zuwa Facebook, game da marubucin.
Ana samun wannan labarin a Turanci - Lizard.