- Tsarin Bayyanar Yanayin Yanayin Yanayi
- Matsayi na yanki
- Taimako da kasar gona
- Sauyin yanayi
- Kayan lambu duniya
- Duniyar dabbobi
- Albarkatun ƙasa
- Taiga mai gadi
- Me muka koya?
Matsayi na yanki
Yanayin yankin taiga yana a nahiyoyi biyu. A Arewacin Amurka, ya shimfiɗa a sararin arewa zuwa ko'ina cikin ƙasa. A Eurasia, daga yankin Scandinavia zuwa yankin tekun Pacific.
Yankin yanki na Rasha, taiga, ya mamaye yanki mafi girma. Tsawonsa a cikin yankin Turai shine kilomita 800, a Gabashin Siberiya - 2150 km. Zirga-zirgar ruwa yana da mahimmanci. Manyan koguna na taiga sune Dvina ta Arewa, Pechora, da Ob.
Taimako da kasar gona
Yawancin taimako ba su da kwanciyar hankali, a wasu lokutan ma katsewa cikin kogunan ruwa suke shiga. Yankunan gandun daji na Evergreen suna cikin ƙananan kwari waɗanda suka kafa lokacin da ake yin kankara.
Kasar ba ta da kyau. Sakamakon yanayin yanayi mai zafi, takin ƙasa mai laushi ne babba; dogayen bishiyoyi ba za su iya tsayawa a nan ba. Bugu da kari, allurai da suka fada daga bishiyoyi suna dauke da mayuka masu hatsari, wanda, idan ya lalace, ya cika har kasa mara kyau.
Sauyin yanayi
Wannan shine babban halayyar yankin taiga. Gasar masu sanyi sanyi, bushe, mai tsawon watanni 7-8. Lokacin rani, kodayake ba tsawo ba, amma dumi. Autar da bazara ke da gajeru, yawanci basu wuce wata guda ba. Tun lokacin da taiga ke kan tundra, iska mai sanyi tana busawa anan daga Yankin Arctic don mafi yawan shekara.
Mafi yawan zafin jiki na bazara a Celsius shine + 21 °. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na hunturu shine -54 °.
Kayan lambu duniya
Manyan wakilai sune duhun gilashi. Ana kiran su saboda haka kamar ganye kamar-allir suna ba da izinin riƙe danshi a shekara-shekara kuma bishiyoyin ba sa buƙatar askewa kamar ganye masu ganye kuma suna zubar da allura. Banda shi ne larch. Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan itaciyar tana da coniferous, ana fallasa ta hunturu.
Misalin wakilai na taiga: pine, spruce, fir, larch. A irin wannan daji, akwai namomin kaza. Mosses, lichens, da ƙananan bushes suna girma a ƙasa. Akwai 'yan furanni a cikin giram mai duhu.
Duniyar dabbobi
Duk dabbobin dole ne suyi dacewa da mawuyacin yanayi. A cikin tsuntsaye, mafi yawa suna ƙaura. Dukkanin shekara, ragowar gaggafa da mujiya. Kusa da ƙasa zaune ƙananan rodents. Masu kiyaye gandun daji sune beyar, a cikin hunturu sukan fada cikin rashin himma. An dauki sarkin gandun daji kamar barewa - domin manyan kahoranta. A cikin taiga yana da mafi girman wakilcin cat cat - damisa Siberian.
Girman girman Primorsky Territory a Rasha shine Ussuri taiga. Ana ƙimar wannan hadadden na halitta don wadatar ta da kyawawan wurare. Amma mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa wakilin da ba kasafai yake zama a nan ba - dutsen Ussuri, wanda a dabi'a yake 'yan dozin.
Hoto 3. Ussuri tiger
Albarkatun ƙasa
Ba a yi karatun taiga na Rasha sosai ba. Saboda tsawon sa da matsanancin yanayi, yana da matukar wahala a kafa cibiyoyin bincike anan. A ƙasarmu, ana amfani da gandun daji a masana'antu. Hakanan yana samar da mai, gas, mai.
Har ila yau, taiga na Kanada yana da arziki sosai. Anan, karafa kamar gwal, jan ƙarfe, zinc, azurfa, uranium an haƙa. Lokaci guda, daukacin masu hakar gwal sun tafi Arewacin Amurka don wadata.
Black bear (baribal)
Baƙar fata mai baƙar fata ko baribal yana da nau'in halitta kuma ya bambanta da bera mai launin ruwan kasa. Ya fi ƙasa girma, da abin da ya haɗu da shi a cikin yankuna guda na Arewacin Amurka na ,an Adam, kuma tsakanin ƙwallan kafaɗun bashi da halayyar ɗan adam fari. Kuna iya saduwa da baribal a Alaska, a kusan dukkanin jihohin Kanada. A cikin Amurka, babu wani dabbar kawai a cikin jihohin da ke kusa da Mississippi. Babbar bera na zaune a yamma, a gabashin kasar, kuma ta kama jihohin kudu. Ya zabi wa kansa yankuna tsakiya da yamma na Mexico. Wato, wannan nau'in shima ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka, kamar bera mai launin ruwan kasa a Siberiya.
Thewararren baƙon fata ya bambanta da shekara, shekara, da jinsi. A cikin kaka, baribal tana da nauyin 30% fiye da lokacin bazara, idan ta fita daga kogon bayan lokacin hunturu. Bishiyar baƙar fata a bakin gabashin gabashin bakin teku sun fi mazaunan ƙasashen yamma girma. Yawan nauyin maza ya kama daga 55 zuwa 250 kilogiram. Matan sun yi nauyi daga kilo 40 zuwa 170. Wato, matan suna karami fiye da ƙarfin jima'i. Tsawon jikin mutum bera shine mita 1-2-2. Tsawonsa a ƙhersƙasassun ya kai cm 70-105. Wutsiya tana girma cikin tsayi zuwa cm 8-17.
Jawo na baribal na baki ne, gajere kuma mai santsi. Kawai mucks yana da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Amma wani lokacin akwai bears tare da inuwa daban-daban na Jawo. Zai iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, baki tare da launin shuɗi mai haske, fari. Kuma launi na ƙarshe yana da wuya. Daga cikin ɗaruruwan san darikun da aka haife su, mutum ɗaya ne kaɗai zai iya yin fahariya da irin wannan saɓanin da ke tattare da yanayin rashin gashin gashi. White baribals ana samunsu galibi a arewa maso gabashin Kanada.
Cedar
Wannan mai son kwayayen itacen Pine, mazaunin taiga ne. Tare da katako mai karfi, sai ta wayon cire tsaba daga cikakke. Bayan an cika su da itacen goiter, itacen al'ul ya tashi zuwa wurin cin abincin rana a bakin kurmin. Kuma a lokacin da kajin dake fama da yunwa suna jiran ta, tana ciyar da su a cikin gida, tana karkatar da su daga rassan da kuma gansakuka a kan itacen katako mai tsayi. Zuwa lokacin hunturu, sai ta tattara kwayoyi ta hanyar ɓoye su cikin daskararru ko kayan ɓarnatattun bishiyoyi.
Tsuntsaye daban-daban, har ma da dabbobi, ana yawan ziyarta su a kayanta. Wasu daga cikin tsaba sun kasance a cikin gansakuka kuma suna girma zuwa bazara: wannan shine yadda itacen al'ul ke shiga cikin sake fasalin itacen al'ul na Siberian. Lokacin da kwayoyi ba su cikakke, tsuntsayen suna cin kwari, caterpillars, tsaba na ƙwari, berries. A cikin shekarun da ba su da amfani ga cones, itacen al'ul na pine suna taruwa a cikin garken kuma suna yawo, yawanci suna tashi nesa da yankin taiga.
Mutane da yawa suna tsammanin cewa beyar ita ce mafi hatsari ga dabba a cikin taiga, amma wannan ba haka bane. Mafi haɗari shine muzina. Wato, maza muzama a lokacin lokacin fitowar (“mating season”). A wannan lokacin, maye da maza keyi ta hanyar jima'i na maza ya zama bai dace da halayen sa ba kuma yana tsinkayar duk wani abu mai rai a matsayin gasa. Elaƙƙarfan kulawa da mace ba ta da sha'awar wani yana kula da ƙaunataccen - da kyau, yana da fahimta (wanda yake so?). Sabili da haka tashin hankalin sa yana da girma. Yana kaiwa hari kawai a kan tafiya, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai fafatawarsa, kuma idan wannan mutumin ne, to hakika bashi da wata dama. Blowarar wannan babban gilashi (daga 300 zuwa 650 kg) yana da ƙarfi sosai, saboda haka haɗuwa da muz a lokacin fitowar tana da haɗari sosai. Lokacin hada-hada ya kasance a cikin kaka, Satumba-Oktoba.
Mafi shahararrun mata shine maza tare da ƙaho mafi girma. Kun ce: saboda irin wannan namijin yana da ƙarfi? Ba daidai ba. Matar tana tsammanin idan wannan namiji yana da irin waɗannan manyan ƙaho, to yana nufin yana iya samun abinci mai yawa don kansa, don yin gasa sosai tare da sauran masassuna don wannan abincin da ya sami damar haɓaka irin waɗannan manyan kahon nasa. Don haka ga zuriyarta a nan gaba, zai iya samun abinci da yawa, zuriya za ta kasance lafiya da ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta da mutane, mata sun fi maza son maza fiye da masu wadata.
Moose yana cin abinci na musamman ne kawai, amma, shanu da barewa. Sean wasan na gidan mago ne da kuma tsarin artiodactyl. Moose ku ci rassan bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi, mosses, lichens, namomin kaza mai daɗi, ganye daban-daban. Suna ƙaunar zama a cikin gandun daji gauraye da ɗimbin yawa, tare da yalwatattun aspens da birches. Ta wannan hanyar, muzirin yana cin kimanin tan 7 na abinci a kowace shekara. Kuma a cikin hunturu, ya ci ƙasa da kaɗan, amma yana adana ƙarfi.
Ram dalla
A shekara ta 1877, yayin balaguronsa a bakin gabar arewa maso gabacin Amurka, masanin kimiyyar halittar Amurka William Hillie Dall (1845-1927) ya fara gani kuma ya bayyana sabon ɗan rago, wanda aka bambanta shi da dusar ƙanƙara mai farin fari. Shekara guda bayan haka, mai ba da shawara game da dabbobin daji da marubuci John Muir ya gano shi a kan dutsen Denali biyu na Alaska.
Bayan wani lokaci, ana kiran ragon Dall. Ana kuma kiranta ɗan rago mai bakin ciki, wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa ƙayyadaddun ɗan rago mai kauri.
Gabanin mazaunin Dalla raguna sune filayen tsaunuka a tsawan sama da 650 zuwa 2500 m sama da matakin teku. Suna da matukar tasowa game da rayuwar zamantakewa. Mata suna yin rukuni tare da zuriyarsu kuma suna da kyau sosai ga wasu kungiyoyin masu kama da juna. Tsakanin su, kusan ba a sami rikice-rikice ba yayin rarrabuwar wuraren kiwo da abinci.
Maza kuma suna rayuwa cikin gungun yara kuma har zuwa farkon lokacin balaga ta kowane yanayi na iya nisantar da duk wani hulɗa da mace. Yin madaidaicin matsayi yana mulki a tsakanin maza. Poweraƙƙarfan iko na rago ne mafi girma da ƙarfi tare da ƙaho mafi girma. Idan ƙaho ɗaya girman yake, to fayyace alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu neman mukamin shugaba ya zama ba makawa. Rams runtse kawunansu zuwa ƙasa kuma karo tare da ƙaho daga nesa na 10-12 m.
Godiya ga kwanya mai ƙarfi, raunin raunin da wuya sosai, kuma gasa da kansu na iya ɗaukar awanni da yawa a jere tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Dalla raguna suna ciyar da bazara a kan ciyawa iri-iri na ciyawa da kuma rassan bushes, kuma a cikin hunturu suna gamsuwa da gansakuka da lasisi da aka samo daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.
Mai siye
A cikin gandun daji na arewacin, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana samun dila. A cikin tsibirin bakin teku, wannan shine barewar Manchurian, a cikin gandun daji na Altai - maral, a Arewacin Amurka - wapiti. Maɗaukaki yakan ciyar da abinci na shuka. Abincin ya bambanta: ganye daban-daban, namomin kaza, berries. Ku ci allurar Pine, fir, itacen al'ul. Sakamakon karancin ma'adanai a jiki, ma kamar barewa suna soka ƙasar, wadda take da wadatar gishiri, da yardar rai kusa da lasisin gishirin da aka shirya musu musamman. A cikin hunturu, ana tilasta dabbobi su ci kusan duk ranar don sake cika ƙarfin warinsu. A cikin yanayin daji, de yakan rayu a matsakaici har zuwa shekaru 20, a shekaru 5-6 yana tsufa. Hornan wasa cikin samari maza sun fara bayyana wani wuri a cikin shekara.
Kamar dai sauran dabbobin da ake kira “artiodactyls”, barewar ana siyar da su cikin ɗaurarru. Ga mutanen arewa mai nisa, dabbar ja ita kaɗai ce tushen rayuwa. Ana amfani da duk sassan wannan dabbar. Naman yakan zama mai daɗi, ba ya ɗauke da parasites saboda gaskiyar cewa bare yakan ci abinci da sauran dabbobi. Ana bayar da Venison zuwa kasuwar Rasha daga Yamal-Nenets Automatous Okrug. Haɓaka ƙaho yana kan matsakaici har zuwa shekaru 12, sannan ƙaho ya zama yayi tsufa, yawan harbe yana raguwa, ƙaho ya raunana.
Hornsan saurayi ƙaho (tururuwa) suna da mahimmanci a cikin magungunan mutane. A cikin Altai marals an bred musamman don ƙaho shekaru da yawa. An yanke masu kare daga barewa, idan suka ga kaho sai su fara zub da jini. Anyi amfani da ruwan-giya na anil din maral a matsayin tonic, kuma ana yin shirye-shirye bisa ga tsarinta.
Kakakin majalisa
Shafi - karamin ɗan farauta na halittar halittar dabbobi da kuma trochee. Sau da yawa ana kwatanta kwatancen kwalliya. Kuma ba a banza ba: ta halayen ɗabi'unsu suna da kusanci da haɗewar Turai. Wannan ƙaramin dabba ce: girmanta kusan 30 cm ne (daga hanci zuwa gindin wutsiya). Shafin yana da kyawawan wutsiya: dogaye (fiye da rabin jikin) kuma yana da ƙima sosai kamar marten. Yana ciyarwa akasari akan ƙananan ƙwayoyi, kwaɗi, a wasu lokutan a kan tsuntsaye da tsuntsaye. Ba ya ƙyamar ginshiƙai da kwari, kwaɗi, kifi. Yana yawanci farauta a cikin dare ko a faɗuwar rana. Babban "mai gasa" na shafi shine sable, wanda yawanci yayi ƙoƙarin fitar da shafi daga wuraren da aka zaɓa.
Sabon ruwan wake
Batun da aka fi sani, ko beaver, shine mafi girma daga cikin tsohuwar tsohuwar dabba, nauyinta ya kai kilo 30. Jikin squat, fiye da 1 m tsawo, 35 cm tsayi, wutsiya har zuwa 30 cm, yana da siffar itacen oar. Mata sun fi maza girma. Babu ulu a kan wutsiya, amma a maimakon haka akwai bristles da manyan sikeli. Wsunuka biyu gajere ne, yatsun kafa, tare da membranes. Yatsun manyan su ne, mai kaifi, da yatsun kafa na biyu da dan yatsan hannun da aka fizge shi, wani nau'in tsere ne wanda mai wankin yake hada fushin sa. Yana da tsabta.
Jikin beaver an daidaita shi don ruwa: idanun tare da bayyane masu haske masu haske, wanda, lokacin da ruwa yake, rufe da kare idanu daga raunin da ya faru. Sukan hanci da kunnuwa suma suna rufe sosai. A lebe na beaver akwai wasu fashe-fashe na musamman waɗanda ke rufe cikin ruwa kuma kada ku bar ruwa ya shiga tsakiya, hakora 2 kuma suna fito. Tare da waɗannan hakora zai iya gnaw ƙarƙashin ruwa.
'Yan Beavers suna da kauri mai tsayi da dogon gashi, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a launi tare da karancin kayan mara nauyi wanda baya samun rigar. Alloli da wutsiya baƙaƙen fata ne. Jawo mai daɗin buɗewa da wani yanki na mai mai kitse mai riƙe da zafi koda a cikin ruwa mai ruwa. A karkashin ruwa na iya wuce minti 10-15, kuma yin iyo yayin wannan lokacin har zuwa 700 m.
'Yan Beavers suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Turai da Asiya, a cikin ɓarnar da aka tona a bankunan kananan koguna da tabkuna waɗanda ba su daskarewa zuwa ƙasa a cikin hunturu. Idan tudu ta kasance mai laushi kuma rami ba za a iya haƙa ba, an gina bukka mai kamannin daga tarin ɓarna, shingen an rufe shi da murɗa ko yumɓu.
Beavers suna zama a cikin dangi ko kuma su kaɗai. Iyalai sun ƙunshi manya 2 da masu biyun na ƙarshe 2. Aboki a ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, kuma a farkon lokacin rani 2-4, a kalla beavers 6 masu gani da ido, waɗanda aka rufe da ulu. Bayan kwanaki 2, jarirai sun riga sun iyo, kuma bayan kwanaki 20 su da kansu suke samun abinci. Suna yin jima'i lokacin da suka kai shekaru 2, sannan kuma sun bar ramin uba da uwa. Beavers suna rayuwa shekara 10-17, kuma a cikin bauta - har zuwa shekaru 35.
Muskrat
Yana daidaitawa a cikin rairayin bakin teku na jikin ruwa (koguna, tafkuna, tafkuna, fadama), zabar wuraren wadatar ciyayi. Dabbar tana da hankali, amma tana da ƙarfi, ana iya samun ta a kowane lokaci na rana. Amma mafi sau da yawa ana iya gani a maraice.
Babban abincin shine ciyayi mai ruwa da tsirrai (sedge, reeds, reeds, horsetail). Zai iya kama rana, ƙananan kifi kuma soya. Dabbobi sun san yadda ake iyo da ruwa, ba tare da iska a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba na iya tsawan minti 18.
Wutsiyar dabba tana aiki kamar rudur, hindafafun kafafun hurarru ne cikin ruwa. A kan ƙasa, ba su da hankali. Muskrat ƙwararre ne wanda ya gina ramuka da tantuna. Gidajen sun tashi cikin ruwa zuwa tsayin mita kuma suna da sihiri. An gina su daga tushe na tsire-tsire masu ruwa, kuma ƙofar zuwa "hasumiya" ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Burrows na tono a cikin manyan bankunan, har zuwa tsawon mita 10, ɗakunan da ke zaune suna saman matakin ruwa a cikin benaye biyu. A cikin hadaddun labyrinths akwai wuraren dafa abinci, ɗakuna na iyali don hutawa da barci, har ma dakuna. Theofar shiga farfajiyar tana ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Muskrat yana da abokan gaba da yawa, waɗannan su ne dawakai, coyotes, minks, raccoons, pikes da sauran su. Ana samun ceto tsakanin Muskrats daga maɓarnatan ta hanyar nutsewa cikin ruwa, ko ɓoyewa a rami. A cikin wani yanayi na bege, suna kare kansu ta amfani da kaifi da haƙoran haƙora. Suna zaune a cikin gungun dangi, i.e. Iyaye da yaransu. Kowane dangi yana da yankin da yake da shi, wanda maza suka nuna himma, suke kori baƙi.
Mace na haihuwar zuriya daga biyun (mazauna Kudancin) zuwa uku zuwa hudu (mazauna arewacin) sau ɗaya a shekara. Cutar ciki tana kimanin wata guda, makaho kuma kusan yaransu tsirara ne, ana haihuwar su, nauyin ɗa ɗaya shine gram 20. Mafi yawan lokuta a cikin lilin ɗaya akwai 7 ko 8.
Musk deer
Wani wakilin deer-like artiodactyls. Musk deer yana zaune a cikin Faris na Fariga. Ya fi son duhun duhu mai duhu, tare da shinge na dutse, matakan da aka saka na kankara. Yana tafiya da kyau kuma yana tsalle sosai. Zai iya yin amfani da galloping, ba tare da rage gudu ba, canza yanayin tafiya ta 90 °. Gudu daga mai bin sa, barewar, kamar bera, ta rikitar da waƙoƙin. Tana ciyar da allurar fir, itacen al'ul, lichens, da ganye iri-iri. Abincin naman alade Musamman mai cin ganyayyaki kawai ne. Ana tattara abinci, naman musk na iya hawa kan gangar jikin bishiya mai tsalle ko tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe zuwa tsayi na 3-4 m.A Gabas ta Tsakiya, babban abokin gaba shi ne Kharza, wanda iyalai suka fada wa mashin tumaki. Sau da yawa wani lynx yana jira deer musk don ciyarwa, Wolverine da dawakai suka bi su. Tsammar rayuwarsu kawai 4 - 5 ne a cikin yanayi kuma har zuwa 10 - 14 a cikin bauta.
A cikin ciki na naman ƙyalli na mushe yana isnadin ƙamshi mai cike da farin ciki, cike da sirir mai ƙamshi mai daɗin launin launi mai launin ruwan kasa. Gaya daga cikin gland na namiji ya ƙunshi 10 - 20 g na musk na halitta - samfurin dabba mafi tsada. Abubuwan sunadarai na musk suna da hadaddun abubuwa masu yawa: mai mai, fatu, ƙanshi mai danshi da sinadarin steroid, sinadarin cholesterol. Babban mai ɗaukar warin musk shine ƙwaƙwalwar ketone macrocyclic. Abubuwa masu canzawa na musk suna dauke da bayani game da shekaru da yanayin namiji kuma yana iya haɓaka estrus a cikin mace.
Ana amfani da Musk sosai a cikin likitan ilimin likitanci a halin yanzu. A kasar Sin, wani bangare ne na rubutattun magunguna sama da 200 na magunguna. Gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a Indiya sun nuna cewa musk yana da tasirin ƙarfafawa a zuciya da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, kuma yana da tasiri azaman anti-kumburi. A cikin Turai, musk a matsayin magani ba shi da nasara sosai, amma a nan sun sami wani aikace-aikacen: a cikin masana'antar ƙanshin kayan ƙanshi a matsayin gyaran ƙanshi.
Shudewa
An rarrabu cikin kashi 4. Mafi na kowa shi ne talakawa. Wakilan sa suna son damp, suna kusa da tafkunan tafkin taiga. Shan ƙaramin masarautan ya zauna a cikin dazuzzuka. A cikin dajin na taiga akwai karancin matsakaici da kankanta. Wakilan karshen a tsawon su ne kawai 6-7 cm. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin tsakanin dabbobi da ke cikin Rasha.
Saboda ƙananan girman su, carnivores dabbobi taiga ba zai iya yin "march-throws" a cikin dazuzzuka. Wannan yana kawo cikas ga binciken abinci. Shrews ba zai wuce 4 hours ba. Shekarun dabbar ba ta wuce shekara 2.
Biyar daga cikinsu sun kai shekarun haihuwa. Shar mata suna jinkirta yin aiki kaɗan a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Wannan baya tasiri ga lafiyar zuriya. An haife jarirai lafiya ranar 18 da kuma 28th tun daga lokacin ɗaukar ciki.
Wolverine
Na biyu mafi girma a cikin dangin marten. Tsawon jikin dabbar ya fi mita. A waje, dabbar ita ce gicciye tsakanin babban katifa da kare mai dogon gashi. Wolverine ba kawai tsawo bane, amma kuma ba daskarewa a cikin hunturu. Gashi sun yi laushi amma da wuyar taɓawa. Launin dabba yana launin ruwan kasa tare da ratsi haske a tarnaƙi da kai.
Sunan dabbar yana da Latin, an fassara shi da "ba a iya haƙura." Wolverine yana cin abinci a zahiri komai, yana mai da hankali kan ƙananan dabbobi kamar zomo. Wani wakilin dangin Kunih ya kama ganima a yankin kudu na taiga. Ba ya shiga tsakiya kuma musamman wolverine na arewa.
Roi deer
Dabbobin Artiodactyl na barewa. Abubuwa biyu na barewa suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Taiga: Turai, wacce ke ɗaukar yankin taiga kaɗan kaɗan, da kuma Siberian roe. Mahalli galibi ya dogara ne da tsawo da lokacin farjin dusar ƙanƙara. Mahimmin dusar ƙanƙaniyar dusar ƙurar Siberian ita ce cm 50. Sierian roe yana kaurace wa yankin da dusar ƙanƙara ta wannan tsawan ya zama kwanaki 230-240 a shekara. Roer de yakan shiga taiga kawai idan akwai zurfin lalacewa a ciki, kuma galibi yana zaune ne a cikin gandun daji gauraya.
Ya fi son matsayin fodder sanya wuraren da haske sparse daji tare da arziki shrub undergrowth, kewaye da makiyaya da filayen, ko (a lokacin rani) tsayi ciyawa makiyaya overgrown tare da shrubs. Ana samo shi a lamunin rani, a cikin dazuzzukan ruwa, kan share wurare da wuraren da aka kone, a cikin tsaunukan kwari da kuma kwarara. Idan aka kwatanta da Siberian, maharba na Turai kusan suna da rauni kuma basa yin ƙaura lokacin yanayi. Tana kan abinci irin na tsiro mai wadatar abinci da ruwa. Matasa harbe (ƙarancin cikin fiber) an fi son su. Ryashirwa da sassan jiki na tsirrai, hatsi da ɗamara, tsire-tsire masu ɗauke da abubuwa masu guba (saponin, alkaloids, phenol da glucosides) yawanci basa cin abinci ko ci ba da gangan ba.
Don rashi rashin ƙarancin ma'adanai, roe deer ziyarci marshes gishiri ko shan ruwa daga maɓallin ma'adinan mai.
Girgizar daji
Yawancin boar daji na rayuwa ne a wurare masu dumin ruwa kuma ana samunsa ko da a cikin ƙasa da kuma mayuka. Amma ana iya kiransa wakilin duniyar dabba na taiga. Duhun daji shine asalin magabatan mu na gida, amma ƙaƙƙarfan dabba ne, mai iko ne, mai saurin fushi ne. Tarurrukan ganawa da daji a cikin taiga na iya jefa rayuwar mutum a ƙarƙashin wasu halaye. Ya girma zuwa ga girmawan da ba a taɓa gani ba, tsawon jikin mutum a cikin wasu mutane shine, idan ba a kwance yake ba, kusan mita 4. A Intanet ana ɗaukar hotunan mafarautan da ke da manyan boars. Amma a matsakaici, boar daji yayi nauyin kilogram 175-200, tsayin jiki 1.5 - mita 2.
Girgizar daji ta koina. Kuma zaka iya lura da cewa wannan abokiyar tana son cin abinci gaba ɗaya. Yana ciyar da abinci akan tsire-tsire iri, amma ku ci ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi da safari. Boars na daji sun fi son yankin mai wadatuwa a cikin ramuka da yawa, wuraren ajiye ruwa. Suna son yin birgima a cikin waɗannan raƙuman ruwa, suna birgima cikin laka (aladu). Dabbobin da suka fi dacewa, duk da haka, suna gudana da sauri, suna iyo sosai. Ji da ƙanshi suna da haɓaka, hangen nesa ba shi da kyau. Boan daji suna da hankali, amma ba matsoraci ba: haushi, rauni, ko kare sa ,an, suna da ƙarfin hali kuma masu haɗari saboda ƙarfi da manyan kyan gani. Hakanan zasu iya ziyartar filayen dankali, turnips, hatsi, haifar da lalacewar noma, musamman ta hanyar lalata da kuma shuki albarkatu. Yawancin lokaci suna cinye kananan bishiyoyi. Da wuya, boars na daji yakan kai hari ga manyan dabbobi, marasa lafiya ko rauni, alal misali, magudanar fallo, barewa, har ma da barewa, a kashe su ci su.
Squirrel Flying
Irwararrun tsuntsayen tsuntsayen na cikin yan 'squirrel family, subfamily of rodents. Kuran fulawa na yau da kullun yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na Rasha. Ya kasance na 'yan asalin tsuntsaye na Asiya (Eurasi) masu yawo, hada abubuwa biyu - squirrel fleir na gama gari da Jafananci (ƙaramin) squirrel tashi. Ana kiran squirrel squirrel talakawa mai tashi “squirrel”. Tsarin sabon abu na jikin yana bawa dabbar damar ba kawai ta tashi daga wannan bishiya zuwa wani ba, har ma don yin rikice-rikice na acrobatic: don shirya, aiwatar da abubuwa masu rikitarwa da iska a cikin iska, wani lokacin saukowa wuri guda daga inda farawa ya faru.
Squirrel mai tashi yana kama da squirrel, amma yana da ƙarami jiki da wutsiya. Tsawon dabbar ya kasance daga 12 zuwa 23 cm, nauyi - kimanin 170 g. A kan wani zagaye da aka ce a turance, gajeran kunnuwa ne ba tare da tassels da manyan idanuwa baki ba. Jajayen siliki mai laushi a saman jikin yana da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, sau da yawa tare da launin toka mai launin fari, fari tare da rawaya a ciki. Babban abin da ke bambanta kuren tsuntsu daga kurege shine kasancewar fatar kansar da ke tsakanin tsakiya da gaban goshi, wanda ke aiki ne don shiri yayin jirgin. Yayin tsalle, lokacin da murabba'i ya raba kawuna, wannan membrane ya shimfida, tashin hankali da matsayin gaban gaban sa yana saita hanyar tashi. Ana amfani da wutsiya don daidaitawa a cikin jirgin kuma yana ɗauka azaman birki lokacin saukar ƙasa akan itace.
Gidajen murabba'ai masu filawa suna hade da dazuzzuka marasa ƙarfi, ƙasa da kullun. Mafi yawa suna jagorantar rayuwa ce ta maraice da mara nauyi. Irwararrun kankara suna yin aiki duk shekara, kawai akan ranakun da suka daskare a cikin gida, suna ciyar da hannun jari da aka shirya don amfanin nan gaba. Yawancin rayuwar su ana kashe su akan bishiyoyi, da wuya su nitse a kasa. Gidaje ana gina su a cikin ramuka da aka riga aka shirye suka rage daga itace, magpies da squirrels. Wasu lokuta yakan faru cewa kujeru masu tsalle-tsalle suna zaune a cikin gidajen dabbobi. Ana rufe ciyayi da gansakuka, ciyawar bushe, lichen. Flying squirrels are not m, sau da yawa mutane biyu za su iya zaunar a gida daya. Yayinda suke farkawa, suna neman abinci. Squirrels masu tashi suna ciyar da abinci na shuka - tsaba, fure, tukwici, berries, namomin kaza. Abubuwan alkuki na Birch da alder suna da matukar so, wanda aka sanya masu hankali a cikin m, suna yin ajiyar lokacin hunturu. Sau ɗaya a shekara, macen tana da tsiraici 2 kumyu makafi wadanda tuni suka cika rana ta 50 daman sun tsara kuma sun sami 'yanci. Abokan gaba manyan mujiyoyi, marten, sable. Tsammani na rayuwa kusan shekaru 5 ne, a cikin garkuwa dabbobi ke rayuwa sau biyu muddin.
Wolf shine dabba da aka fi so daga taiga a cikin mutane da yawa. Mutane da yawa suna son sanya hotunan karnukan wolf a cikin avatars kuma suna danganta karnukan karnuka tare da wani abu mai kyau, suna ba da ƙyamar karnuka har ma da sihiri. Amma a zahiri, kyarkeci ya zama fari da farar fata kamar yadda mutane da yawa kan gan su. Kuma Wolves Wolves kawai a zahiri basu wanzu, suna da wuya sosai a cikin taiga. Wolves garken dabbobi ne, suna tattarawa cikin fakitoci kuma an tara su don dubun dubunnan shekaru. A cikin garken karnukan wolf, yana da sauƙin rayuwa, don samun abinci a cikin yanayin taiga, maimakon ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Ba a rasa kyarketai, ko kuma,, iyayen karnuka ne a wuraren da abinci ya yi yawa, kuma ba sa bukatar tarawa cikin garken. Amma mafi yawan lokuta kyarkeci yana zaune cikin fakiti. Kuma babu wani girman kai anan. Gari garken tsari ne mai cikakken tsari tare da tsari. Akwai jagora wanda duk wasu daidaikun mutane suke yi masa biyayya, akwai karnuka na tsakiya da mafi ƙasƙanci - watsawa. Irin waɗannan masu watsa labaran ba a korar su, amma ana cutar dasu da talauci sosai, kodayake, yana da sauƙi ga masu ɓarna su rayu cikin fakitin, maimakon su kaɗai.
Tabbas, kyarketai suna da kyau da kamannin fuska saboda kyawun mayafi, amma babu tsaruwa a cikinsu. Suna kai farmaki ganima kawai a garken, sabili da haka kyarkeci ɗaya ba shi da haɗari. Wolves suna da haɗari sosai a cikin hunturu, galibi a cikin hunturu sukan kaiwa mutane hari ko dabbobi a ƙauyuka. Mafi yawan mugunta sune karnukan bera.
Siberian chipmunk
Chipmunks suna rayuwa biyu a cikin taiga da kuma cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe. Abinda aka fi so shine gidan itacen al'ul. Chipmunk ya mamaye tarko da ramuka, ƙaƙƙarfan minks ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi. Kuma da yadda yake yin sanyi, hibernates tsawon watanni bakwai! A lokacin bazara, dabbar za ta yi tafiya zuwa kwando a cikin rana mai haske. A wannan lokacin, kayan sa suna da amfani sosai! Lokacin da ta zama cikakke, mace za ta kawo sau chiari zuwa sha shida! Suna girma cikin sauri kuma a cikin wata ɗaya barin gidan iyayen su har abada.
Lynx wakili ne na yau da kullun dabbobi taiga. Ya yi daidai da girmansa ga babban kare: a ƙusoshin sa bai wuce 70 cm ba, matsakaicin nauyin shine 18-25 kg.
Ana bambanta ra'ayin ta hanyar dogon tassels a kunnuwa da "whisis", ba shi yiwuwa a rikice shi da wasu. Jawo shine mafi dazo da dumama tsakanin dukkan kuliyoyi, amma in ba haka ba, dabbobi taiga dole ne a saba da fatarar sanyi.
Kamar kowane kuliyoyi, ita mafarauci ce mai ban sha'awa. Lynx ba ta taba zamaɗaɗɗen ganimar abin da ta samo daga sama ba, kuma an daɗe yana zaune a bakin ruwa kuma yana jira don lokacin da ya dace.
Tare da tsawaita tsalle mai tsayi, sai ta riski wanda aka azabtar ta kuma haƙa a wuya. Dabba mai rauni ko bakin ciki na iya jan mafarauci tsawon lokaci, amma lynx ba zai ja da baya ba, da sanin cewa sojojin da abin ya gan su sun ƙare.
Lynx farauta ne na farauta, shima baƙar fata shine ya jawo hankalinsa ta hanyar baƙon baki, jarkoki, barewa, barewa, ƙuruciya da kwarzansu. Yana faruwa cewa tare da ƙarancin abinci, yana kaiwa karnuka da kuliyoyi.
Wannan babban cat yana da ban sha'awa ba kawai don bayyanarsa ba, har ma don halayensa. Ba ta yarda da dawakan da ke satar ganima. Hukuncin wannan shine daya - lynx yana kashe barayi, amma baya cin abinci, amma yana barin wasu a matsayin gargadi.
Fox
Dabban taiga shine yaro. Ba don komai ba a cikin mutane, har ma an yi irin wannan furcin - "mayaudara kamar dawakai". Abu ne mai fahimta: domin dabba dabbar da irin wannan launi mai haske ta sami abinci don kanta, ya zama dole kawai ta zama wayo da tsufa. Dawana tana da haɓaka mai kyau, tare da taimakon kunnuwanta ta sami labarin abin da dinta ke ɓoye wani wuri kusa da ita. A cikin hunturu, dawakan ta ji motsi tana zarya a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Estan ƙaramin rudani da jinkiri ya dauko kunnuwan 'yan garinta. Karkashin dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙan dusar ƙanƙara, ɗan dawakai ya bi ta ganima, ya mutu a ciki - kuma yana kama ƙwanƙolin mashin. Sabili da haka, dawakai sun fi son su zauna a wurare daban-daban, filaye, kwari fiye da gandun daji. Dukansu a cikin hunturu da bazara, a cikin wani fili, fox yafi sauƙin samun abinci fiye da gandun daji mai yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, dawakai sunadare, basa yin ƙaura ko'ina. Me yasa zaka je wani wuri idan akwai wadatattun beraye ko'ina!
Dawakai wata dabba mai aure, ta fi son ta zauna a cikin ramuka. Haka kuma, ramuka ko dai ta tono kanta, ko kuma amfani da baƙi. Kafin tafiya barci, a hankali yana bincika komai a cikin yankin, sannan ya kwanta ya saurari rustles iri-iri. Saboda gaskiyar cewa abincin babban abincin dawakai shine dabbobin ruwa, dawakai suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara adadin ƙwayoyin. Ganyaye masu haɗari lokacin cin hatsi. Amma wani lokacin adadin dawakai da kansu ke girma zuwa girma masu girma. Sannan dawakai suka fara zuwa garuruwa na kusa, garuruwa. Don Rummage a cikin kwandunan shara, hau kan shafuka. Suna son kusantar wuraren sansanonin yawon bude ido.
Girma
Hazel grouse tsuntsu ne daga tsinkayen tsintsiyar tsintsiyar tsintsiya, baƙon ango baki ɗaya, dangin kyawawan tsari irin na kaza. Wani nau'in halitta mai yaduwa wanda yake rayuwa kusan ko'ina cikin gandun daji da yankin taiga na Eurasia, daga Yammacin Turai zuwa Koriya. Grouse shine mafi ƙanƙancin wakilcin ango. Aƙƙarfan ko da mafi girman mutane da wuya ya wuce gram 500. A cikin gandun daji, yana da wuya a gauraya shi da sauran tsuntsayen tsintsaye, daga abin da ya banbanta ba kawai da karamin girma ba, har ma a cikin launi mai adalci wanda ake iya gane shi. Duk da launuka masu launuka, "muryar ƙaya" mai ɗorewa (daga wanda tsuntsu ya sami sunan Rasha), har ma daga ɗan nesa, ƙwallon hazel kamar alama a fili, mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi. Nunawar jima'i a cikin gishirin mace-mace ba a bayyana ta ba kamar yadda ake yin ta - kuma yana da matukar wuya a rarrabe tsakanin namiji da mace a yanayi. Kari akan wannan, sabanin sauran tsintsiya, alawar hazel wata tsuntsu ce mai cin duri.
An yi nazarin rayuwar rayuwar hazel. Wannan tsuntsu ne wanda aka zaunar, baya yin ƙaura mai nisa. Hazel grouse, kamar kowane tsintsiya, yafi girma, kodayake a abincin bazara na dabbobi yakan mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a cikin abincin shi, kajin suna ciyar da kwari sosai. A cikin hunturu, ana tilasta hazikan ya kasance da wadataccen abinci mai ƙanshi da mara abinci mai ƙoshin abinci. A gaban murfin dusar ƙanƙara, hazel grouse burrows a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, ciyar dare da mafi sanyi hours na rana a ciki. Hakanan yana ba da kariya daga masu tsinkayen, daga abin da hazel grouse ke wahala sosai a cikin hunturu da bazara.
Duk da tabarbarewar yawan al'umman duniya da kuma lokaci-lokaci raguwar adadin adadin jama'a, hazel haɓaka har yanzu yana da yawa kuma baya cikin haɗarin lalata. Mafi yawa daga cikin adadin tsarurruka na duniya, wanda yawansu yakai miliyan 40, ya faɗi akan Rasha. Mafi sau da yawa, ana bambanta matsayin 11 na hazel grouse, waɗanda sun bambanta dan kadan daban-daban.
Bahaushe
Badakare dabbobi ne na taiga ta kudu, baya cikin gandun daji na arewacin. Tana manne da wuraren bushewa, amma kusa da wuraren ajiye ruwa, rami, inda wadataccen abinci ya wadatar. Maharbi na zaune ne a cikin burƙu mai zurfi, wanda ke tono a gefen gangara mai yashi, kwari kogi da gulles. Astsabiyoyi daga zamani zuwa zamani suna manne da wuraren da suka fi so. Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna na musamman, wasu daga cikin biranan tarko suna da shekaru dubu da yawa. Leayan mutane ɗaya suna amfani da burrows mai sauƙi, tare da ƙofar shiga ɗaya da ɗakin sharar gida. Tsohon tsohuwar ginin yana wakiltar hadadden tsarin ƙasa mai fa'ida tare da abubuwa da yawa (har zuwa 40-50) ciki da shigowar iska da tsayi (5-10 m) tasoshin da ke kaiwa zuwa manyan ɗakunan sheka na 2-3 a keɓe tare da busassun zuriyar da ke ƙarƙashin zurfin har zuwa 5 m .
Ayyukan badger suna faruwa da dare. Shi mai iko ne ainun, amma ya fi son kayan abinci. Maharbi ba mai zafin rai bane ga masu farautar da mutane, ya fi son ya gudu ya ɓuya a cikin wani rami ko wani wuri, amma idan ya fusata, sai ya buga hancinsa ya ciji mai laifin, sannan ya gudu.Yana ciyarwa akan ƙwayau, kamar kwayoyi, kwarkwata, tsuntsaye da ƙwayayensu, kwari da larvae, mollus, ƙwaya, namomin kaza, berries, kwayoyi da ciyawa. A yayin farauta, sai ya sanya akwatin ya zama ya zagaya manyan wuraren, yana yada bishiyoyi da suka fadi, har ya lalata yajin bishiyoyi da kututture don neman tsutsotsi da kwari. Koyaya, yana cin abinci kilogiram 0.5 kawai a rana, kuma kawai faɗuwa ya ci abinci mai yawa kuma yana ciyar da mai, wanda shine tushen tushen abinci mai gina jiki yayin baccin hunturu.
Marten
Marten wakili ne na babban iyalin Marten. Abu ne mai iya magana mai wahala, mai iya shawo kan matsaloli daban-daban cikin sauki, hawa dutsen kwandon da hawa dutsen kwandon bishiya don neman ganima. Marten dabba ya kasance ga dabbobi masu dusar ƙanƙan da ke da mahimmanci kuma yana da kyawawan Jawo daga duhu zuwa ƙwaya mai launin launin shuɗi..
Tsarin mulkin Marten ya shafi al'adun ta kai tsaye: wannan dabbar zata iya motsawa kawai ta hanyar zamewa ko zubewa (a lokacin gudu). Jiki mai sassauƙawa na Marten yana aiki kamar maɓuɓɓugar roba, wanda ke sa filayen dabba mai gudu don ɗan lokaci a cikin gabobin ɗigon conifers. Marten ya gwammace tsayawa a tsakiya da kuma na saman tiers. A hankali ya hau bishiyoyi, yana murguda koda wani katako mai tsayi wanda ya ba ta damar yin kaifin baki.
Martine pine yana jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun, farauta a ƙasa da ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci akan bishiyoyi. Marten yana shirya gidaje a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi har tsawon mita 16 ko kuma kai tsaye a kambi. Marten bawai kawai ya nisanta dan Adam bane, amma yakan samu ne daga gareshi. Yana gudanar da rayuwa mai daidaitawa, ba tare da canza canjin wurin da yake so ba, koda da karancin abinci. Amma lokaci-lokaci, tana iya yawo don sunadarai waɗanda ke aiwatar da ƙaurawar lokaci lokaci-lokaci tsawon nisa.
Tare da duk hanyar rayuwarsa, an haɗa marten tare da gandun daji. Ana samo shi a cikin yawancin daji na daji inda bishiyoyi daban-daban suke girma, amma mafi yawan abin shine ya fi son tsiro, daɗaɗɗun bishi da tsire-tsire masu kusa da su. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, shine spruce-fir, a cikin kudanci - spruce-deciduous, a yankin Caucasus - gandun fir-beech.
Altai tawadar Allah
Yankin kwayar ta Altai ya mamaye yankin Yamma da Tsakiyar Siberiya. Yankin ƙasarta na yamma ya tashi daga Semipalatinsk zuwa Barnaul, Novosibirsk, inda ya juya zuwa yamma kuma wataƙila ya wuce arewacin Barabinsk.
Jawo daga tawadar Siberiya tana da tsayi kuma tayi kyau. Launi na Jawo ya bambanta sosai daga haske mai launin toka zuwa baki tare da launin ruwan ƙasa mai haske ko: launuka masu launin shuɗi daban-daban. Jawo maraice yana bayyanuwa da sananniyar hanyar siliki. Gefen ventral yawanci yafi ko oasa da opaque. Faƙƙarfan launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-mafi girma yana faruwa ne akan makogwaro da kirji. Kamar sauran halittun moles, ana samun cikakke ko gaɓoɓin na zazzabi da na chromists lokaci-lokaci.
A cikin bayyanar, a cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya, yana kama da kwayar Turai, tana bambanta, duk da haka, a cikin girma mafi girma, lokacin farin ciki, ɗan gajeren saƙo da gajerun wutsiya. Idanun za a iya ganin su daga waje kuma sanye take da ƙyallen idanu. Kwanyar tana da girma, tsawon warts-bas ɗin sa shine 37.1 - 41.0 mm. Ga alama an angular, mai zurfi mai tsawo, mai dausayi a cikin yankin hanci kuma ya daidaita a akwatin kwakwalwa.
Sable
Sable dabba ce mai ƙazanta da ƙarfi tare da Jawo mai mahimmanci, wakilin dangin Marten. Wannan magabaci ɗan hali ne na mazaunin tuddai da tuddai. Yana jagorantar salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici a cikin zaɓin da aka zaɓa, idan akwai haɗari, zai iya matsawa zuwa wasu yankuna. Mafi kusancin dangi na sable shine Pine marten.
Launin fatun sable mai canzawa ne kuma ya dace da kullun. A cikin hunturu, Jawo ya fi sauƙi, a lokacin rani - shadesan inuwa masu duhu. Launin ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa kusan baki, a kirjin dabbobi akwai ƙaramin haske mai launin rawaya. Launi mai launin ruwan kasa ya zama duhu a ƙafafu na sable. A cikin hunturu, ulu yana rufe da motsin dunkule har ma da dabbar dabbar. Jawo daga dabbar yana da taushi, mai ɗaci da ɗumi, sabili da haka yana da ƙima.
Yawancin wuraren zama na sables sune taiga na Eurasia. Wadannan dabbobin an rarraba su ne daga tsaunin Ural zuwa tekun Pacific. Babban ɓangaren ƙasar da sabulu ke zaune na Rasha ne. Hakanan, ana iya samun dabbobin da ke da furfura mai mahimmanci a Arewacin China da Mongolia, a tsibirin Hokkaido na Japan, a Koriya ta Arewa.
Masu ɗaukar hoto suna shirya tsari a cikin ɓarna na duwatsu da rami na tsoffin bishiyoyi, suna amfani da ɓoye a ƙarƙashin tushen sa. A cikin gidan, sabulu suna liƙe tare da busassun ganye ko ciyawa, bayan gida an shirya shi dabam da babban ɗakin da ake girki, amma kusa da ramin.
Sabar 'yan sikari ne masu dezterous kuma masu karfin gaske yanada girman girman su. Suna jagorancin salon rayuwa na ƙasa, sun fi aiki da yamma da safe, amma suna iya farauta a kowane lokaci na rana. Tunda sables suke aiki da dare, sukanyi bacci da rana. Sun fi son motsa dabbobi da fur mai mahimmanci a ƙasa, cikin ruwa ko akan bishiyoyi kawai idan akwai haɗari.
A cikin neman abinci don rana, sable yana tafiyar kimanin kilomita 3-4. A cikin hunturu, wannan nisan zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa kilomita 10, lokacin da aka tilasta dabba ya jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba don neman abinci. A cikin shekarun da aka jingina, har ma a lokacin rani, ana tilasta sabulu ya gudu kilomita 10 zuwa 20 don nemo abincin da ya dace.
Baƙin maliya
A karkashin dokar Amurka, duk wanda yake da akalla gashin tsuntsu daya ko kuma wani bangare na jikin ugo ya zama toshiya ce babba. Koyaya, wannan doka ba ta shafi Indiyawan da suke amfani da gashin fuka-fukai a matsayin kayan ado ba.
Babban abincin mikiya shine kifi da kifayen. Bugu da kari, yana yawan yin amfani da ruwa a kan ruwa.
Yawanci, mikiya ta sauka a kusa da ruwa a wani babban wuri, kamar itace mai tsayi ko dutsen, kuma tana neman ganima. Da ganin haka, tsuntsun nan da nan sai ya faɗi ƙasa, ya kama kifin da kaifin kafan nasa sannan ya koma bakin tekun, inda a hankali ya kammala abincin.
Idan mikiya tana da kajin, tana kawo ganima zuwa gida. Sau da yawa, yaki da kifin yana matukar matsananciyar damuwa na ɗan lokaci gaggafa tana ƙarƙashin ruwa. Don adana ƙarfi, tsuntsu ya cika da gamsuwa da kifayen da suka mutu. Bugu da kari, mikiya tana karɓar ganyayyaki daga wasu, ƙananan tsuntsaye. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Benjamin Franklin ya yi tsayayya da ra'ayin cewa wannan tsuntsu ya kamata ya zama ɗan takara don nuna alama ta Amurka ta Amurka, saboda gaggafa tana zaune ba da gaskiya ba - sau da yawa ba ya samun abinci ta wurin aikin sa, amma yana ɗaukar shi daga wasu, tsuntsaye masu rauni. Abin mamaki, da alama cewa Amurka ta fi dacewa da alamarta!
A karni na XVIII, lokacin da mikiya ta zama alama ta Amurka, akwai kusan 75,000 na waɗannan tsuntsayen. Amma a ƙarshen 1940 kaɗan kaɗan daga gare su cewa an kafa doka don kare wannan gaggafa. Abubuwan da suka biyo baya sun haifar da mummunar raguwar gaggafa: gurbata albarkatun ruwa, lalata gaggafa ta hanyar manoma da mafarauta, tunda tsuntsu yakan kai hari ga dabbobi, da kuma amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari, wanda ke tarawa a jikin tsuntsayen kuma yana haifar da rashin haƙuri.
Orlan yawanci yana zaune a bakin teku, ciyayi, tare da koguna da tabkuna, inda zaku iya kama kifi, wanda shine babban abincinsa. Yawancin gaggafa ana samun su a cikin dazuzzukan itacen rak na Florida da kuma hanyoyin da yawa na wannan yankin. Wurin da aka samo gaggafa shi ne Alaska. Hakanan ana samun daidaikun mutane a cikin shekara a wurare da yawa na Arewacin Amurka. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsaye ne waɗanda ke yin tafiya dubban kilomita don neman abinci.
Bakar katako
Rawaya mai baƙi ko baƙar fata - ɗaya daga cikin wakilan mafi girma na dangin katako. Baƙar fata mai katako yana zaune ko'ina cikin Turai ban da matsanancin kudu. A Asiya, an rarraba shi a cikin Caucasus, a Siberiya zuwa Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Koriya ta Koriya da Arewacin Japan. Don mazauninsu, ya zaɓi babban gangar jikin katako, da itacen rafi, da ƙuruciya da dazuzukan itacen al'ul, yawanci ana samun su cikin ƙonewa.
Zhelna tana nufin manyan tsuntsaye, tsawon jikinta ya kai cm 50, nauyi kimanin gram 300. Fuka-fukan suna zagaye, kai babba ne, wuyan bakin ciki. Baƙar fata mai launin baƙar fata yana da babban katako mai cike da baki, kusan tsawon 55-65 mm, launin gemu mai launin shuɗi. Tsuntsu yana da launin launin fata-launin fata, tare da walƙiya. Namiji yana da jan kyalle a kansa wanda aka yi da gashin fuka-fukai, waxanda suke kan goshin goshi, fararen fata da rawanin kai, hakan ya sa ya bambanta da mace baki baki ɗaya.
Tushen abincin rawaya sune kwari da lardin su. Ya fi son cin gwoza, ɓoyayyun ɓaraka, gwoza barkono, kifin gwal. Hakanan yakan ci tururuwa, caterpillars da larvae horntail wutsiya. Wani baƙar fata na itace yana cin abinci daga 300 zuwa 650 na larp sapwood a rana. A cikin hunturu, Hakanan yana cin tsaba, amma a ƙanana.
Baƙar fata mai saƙar fata yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa mara ban sha'awa, ban da lokacin dabbar ta hanyar kiwo, wanda zai fara a farkon Maris. Maza suna jan hankalin mata ta hanyar bugawa da kururuwa da ƙarfi. Sautin kukan maraƙi kamar guttural "kyauta-mai-kyauta", ana iya jin sa a nesa mai nisa. Wani lokacin tsuntsaye sukan haifar da kuka mai cike da baƙin ciki - "keee".
Bayan tsuntsaye, sai tsuntsaye suka zauna tare a yankuna na nesa daga cikin gandun daji kuma sun tona bijiyoyin su domin gina gida. Sau da yawa suna so su zauna a gida ɗaya don shekaru da yawa a jere. Amma idan gida yana mamaye wasu tsuntsaye (owls da katako sukan zauna cikin ramin katako mai katako) ko kuma idan akwai wasu treesa freean itace da yawa cikin gandun daji, to mutanen biyu suna buɗe sabuwar m.
Farar fata fari
Deararraki fari-wani ɓangare ne na asali na mazinaci daga barewar. Yana samar da nau'in halitta wanda ke zaune a yankin Arewa, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Mafi yawan dabbobi an mai da hankali ne a kudancin Kanada, a Amurka da Mexico. A Kudancin Amurka, wakilan nau'in suna zaune ne kawai a arewacin ɓangaren ƙasa. Gidajen mazauni shine mafi yawan bambancin: gandun daji, kwari, jeji, da fadama. Wannan artiodactyl yana dacewa da ko'ina a cikin yanayin gida. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, an kawo wakilan jinsunan zuwa Scandinavia, inda suka saba da sauri. Gabaɗaya, a cikin duniya a yau akwai kusan miliyan 14 na waɗannan dabbobi marasa ma'ana.
Girman sun bambanta kuma sun dogara da yankuna na mazauninsu. Arewa, babba dabbobi. Wakilan jinsunan da ke zaune a Kanada da arewacin Amurka suna da nauyin kilogram 60 zuwa 130. Wasu maza sunkai kilo 155. Matan ba su fi nauyi kilo 90 ba. A wajen kudu, deer ya zama karami. Yawan nauyinsu ya bambanta daga kilogiram 35 zuwa 50. Matsakaicin nauyin maza, ba tare da la'akari da yankin ba, kg 68, kuma a cikin mata wannan darajar shine 45 kilogiram. Tsawonsa daga mayukansa yakai 55 cm zuwa 120. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 95-220 cm Wannan kuma ya hada da wutsiya. Tsawonsa shine 10-37 cm.
A fata a cikin bazara da kuma bazara ne m launin ruwan kasa. A cikin kaka da hunturu, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. A cikin sashin jiki, suturar ta yi duhu sosai fiye da ƙananan baya. Wutsiyar launin ruwan kasa ce sama da ƙasa fari. Idan dabbar ta gudu, sai ta ɗaga wutsiyarta sama. A lokutan haɗari, wannan alama ce ga dangi. Maza kawai suna da ƙaho. Suna zubar da su a ƙarshen lokacin kiwo. A wannan wuri, sababbin tsari sun fara girma. A kowane ƙaho akwai matakai.
Wakilan nau'ikan suna jin tsoron mutane. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane bane, tunda mutum yana tausaya wa dabbobi har abada ba tare da nuna wata damuwa ba, kuma a farkon karni na 20, ya rage yawan mutane zuwa kadan. Sannan sannu a hankali ya karu, amma bai kai miliyoyin da suka gabata ba. Yayin tafiyar, barewa na iya isa zuwa gudun 75 km / h. Tsawon tsalle-tsalle a cikin mawuyacin hali shine mita 10, tsayin su ya kai mita 2.7.
Farar fata mai launin fari mai launin fata suna da nau'ikan abinci. Dabbobi suna cin ganye, ciyawa, ganye, berries, ciyawa, hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa. Siffofin ciki suna baka damar cin namomin kaza da guba. Abincin ya dogara da lokutan shekara. A cikin wasu halayen, waɗannan artiodactyls na iya cin kwayar ciyayi, kajin, da tsuntsayen.
Budurciya
Babban tsuntsu mai farauta, mallakar dangin owls kuma an rarraba shi a yankuna na Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, ana kiran shi ikwijin Fgg. An fara gano wannan nau'in kuma an bayyana shi a kan yankin Virginia, don haka ya sami suna daidai. Mahalli ya mamaye kusan dukkanin Arewacin Amurka har zuwa yankuna subarctic a arewacin.
Wadannan tsuntsayen kuma suna zaune ne a Tsakiyar Amurka, a arewacin Kudancin Amurka, a Argentina, Bolivia, da Peru. Babu wani cikin Amazon da Kudancin Kudancin Amurka. Mahalli shine mafi yawan bambance-bambancen. Waɗannan sune disiduous, coniferous, cakuda, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, pampas, kwari, hamada, wurare masu tuddai, ramuka, tundra subarctic. Ana samun su a tsawan sama da nisan mita 3.3 sama da matakin teku. A waje na lokacin farauta, ana ba da fifiko don buɗe wuraren, kuma ga katako a lokacin lokacin kiwo. Wannan nau'in ya kasu kashi 10.
A cikin iyali, wakilan mujiya na nau'ikan sun kasance na biyu ne kawai da mujiya mai girma a cikin nauyi da girma. Jikinsa kamar ganga ne, kansa yana da girma, fukafukinsa suna da fadi. Idanun suna da girma kuma ɗan ƙaramin idanun mutum ne. Suna dacewa da kyau don farauta dare kuma suna samar da filin kallo. Launi na cornea mai ruwan hoda-rawaya.
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 43-65 cm, fikaffi shine 91-153 cm, yayin da mata suka fi maza girma a matsakaita da 15%. Matsakaicin nauyin mata shine kilogiram 1.6, yayin da maza ma'aunin ke nunawa shine kilogiram 1.2. Wutsiya ya kai cm 17-25 cm. Kafafu da gwiwowi manya da iko. Matsakaicin tsayuwa na kafafu shine cm 20. Fuka-fukan kunnen suna boye ta gashin tsuntsaye, yayin da gashin tsuntsu na hagu yake da girma fiye da yadda yake a hannun dama.
Weasel
Weasel - dabba mai yawan zafin rai da zubar jinida ikon aikata abin da ke damun dammar a cikin gidaje na yawan jama'a. Bayan haka, abin da yafi bashi mamaki shine wannan dabba mai lalata ce, Idan wurin da 'dabi'un' suka baiwa wadannan halaye, karama ce mai kyan gani - tsawon jikinta ya kai matsakaitan santimita 16-18.
Weasel yana da sassauya, tsayi, tsayi, jiki mai santsi kuma shine mafi karancin wakilcin umarnin kaddara. A waje, weasel yana da kamanni ga ermine, yana kama da shi duk da tsarin jikin mutum da launin fur ɗin. Bambanci tsakanin su yana cikin ƙaramin girman weasel kuma cikin daidaiton wutsiyarsa ta gajarta fiye da na ermin (har zuwa 9 cm tsayi, ba tare da buhun duhu ba). A gindinta akwai glandon na musamman wadanda ke lullube sirri tare da kamshi mai banƙyama.
Fatar dabbar dabbar dako ce gajeru. Launinta ya dogara da yanayin lokaci. A cikin hunturu, weasel yana da fararen launi, kuma a lokacin rani yana da launin ruwan kasa a waje na paws, a cikin wutsiya, a bangarorin, baya da kuma na sama na kai - kawai cikin cikin paws, ciki, kirji, gefen lebe na sama da makogwaron har yanzu farare ne. Tare da ƙimar girman fur, gashin weasel koyaushe iri ɗaya ne - cewa a lokacin rani, a cikin hunturu, tare da bambanci kawai wanda a cikin lokacin dumi, gashi ya fi guntu da siraran fiye da hunturu. A wasu wuraren zama na Kudancin, dabba ba ta canza launi kwata-kwata, ya kasance launin ruwan kasa da yawa.
Weasel yayi hawan hawa daidai, yana gudu har ma yana iyo - don haka dabba ce mai ƙima da lalata. Abinda ya bambanta halayenta shine rashin jituwa, zubar da jini a cikin hare-hare da jaruntaka, don haka ana iya samun mata sau da yawa cikin dare a cikin gidan ɗan adam, inda ta shiga cikin tattalin arziki ta hanyar kunkuntar ramuka da murhu. Weasel yana aiki a lokuta daban-daban na rana, amma yawanci yakan tafi farauta da daddare ko yamma.
A bisa ga al'ada jagoranci rayuwar more rayuwa ƙasa. Yana motsawa cikin salon sha'awa. Passetare yankin, ya fi son bin shukar shukoki da sauran kayan halitta ko na wucin gadi. Yana ƙoƙarin gujewa sararin da ba shi da kariya. A cikin kwana ɗaya, weasel yana iya cin nasara kilomita ɗaya ko biyu. A cikin hunturu, ya motsa a cikin daskararru voids.
Saboda karamin su, weasels yakan mutu lokacin da manyan dabbobi suka murƙushe shi, amma a lokaci guda sukan shagaltar da maƙiyan abokan hamayyarsu. A lokacin fada, mace-macen mata suna fitowa da babbar murya.
Muskrat
Desman dabba ce mai shayarwa daga dangin tawadar Allah. Ya kasance cikin ajin kwari. A da - abun neman farauta ne. A halin yanzu, an jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariya. Cikakken cikakken bayanin dabba dabba an bayyana a kasa.
Vykhuhol wata ƙarancin nau'ikan halittar ruwa ce ta Rasha. A baya can, ana haɗuwa sau da yawa a Turai zuwa Tsibirin Biritaniya. Yankin yanki na zamani na muskrat yana iyakance ga matakan Volga, Dnieper, Urals da Don. Har yanzu ana samunsa a cikin Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus da Lithuania.
Fitowar dabbar dabba yana burge ta da sabon abu. Wannan wata babbar dabba ce da ke da nauyin 18 - cm cm tsayi, kuma tana da wutsiya iri ɗaya kuma tana da nauyin 520 g. Wutsiyar wankan yana rufe da babban abin tsoro, kuma tare da saman da gashin gashi mai ƙarfi wanda ke samar da keel. Wutsiya a gindi sosai take kamar an ja (a can tana da mafi ƙarancin diamita). Bayan fitowar (sulusin farko na wutsiya tsawon) wani abu ne mai kauri mai launin lu'u-lu'u. Akwai ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙanshi, masu kamshi, ruwan mai daga abin da yake fitowa daga ramuka masu yawa - suna kan gindin wannan ɓoyayyen. Wutsiya da ke bayan yaƙin yana fitowa sosai a hankali. Abubuwan buɗe hanci na desman suna rufe ta amfani da bawul na musamman a cikin ƙarfin hanci. Dabba tana da rawar jiki mai tsawo, kuma gashi mai hankali suna girma a jikinta. Hannun wando yana da gajerun kafafu, biyar-yatsu, yayin da ƙafafun kafaffun suna da fadi da girma fiye da gwiwowi. An haɗa yatsan zuwa yatsun ta hanyar membranes na iyo. Hannun ƙusoshin suna da tsawo, suna da kyau kuma suna danƙa. Borderudarar gashin kansa mai shuɗewa ta gudana tare da gefan gefan, yana haɓaka farfajiyar kowannen pawi. Jawo na kayan wanki na da kazamin laushi ne, lokacin farin ciki, mai dorewa. Ba a shirya gashin gashi a jikin mutum ba kamar sauran dabbobi: suna fadada zuwa sama kuma suna taper zuwa tushe. Launi na baya mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ciki shine launin shuɗi ko launin fari-fari.
Ermine
Erarna wata ƙaramar dabba ce daga cikin gidan Marten. A waje, yana kama da marten: jiki daya mai tsawo, gajerun kafafu da dogon wuya. Bugu da ƙari, ermin yana da ƙananan kunnuwa masu zagaye, alamu ne na duk dabbobi mallakar na Kunim. Fitowar dabbar tana da kyan gani, amma a zahiri, kuskuren ta kasance mai haɗari, mai ƙarfin hali da zubar da jini. Idan dabba bata da wata hanyar fita, yana iya kaiwa hari ga mutum. Jawo gashinta wataƙila shine mafi mahimmancin duk dabbobin da ke da gashi. An fitar da kuskuren daidai daidai saboda Jawo. A cikin yanayi, akwai kusan rabe-raben 26 na kuskure, wanda ya bambanta da nau'in fur da girman dabbar.
Kuskure wata ƙaramar dabba ce mai kama da mustine a tsarin jikinta da kai. Jiki yana da bakin ciki da tsawo da sassauƙa, kamar yadda dabbar ke jagorantar salon rayuwarsa kuma yake cin abinci a cikin zuriya. A paws gajere, don haka ermin kamar squat. Suna da dogon kaifi, kaifi, mai tsauri wanda ke taimaka masa ya ratsa bishiyoyi, duk da haka, ba shi da ƙarfi don tono ramuka. Hakanan ana samun membranes a kan dabbobin dabba, waɗanda ke rufe da moss ta bazara, suna ƙarfafa paws kuma yana sauƙaƙa dabba don sauƙaƙe cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Shugaban yana da girman kai tare da nuna ƙima, kunnuwan suna zagaye, kamar dukkan marten, hanci da idanu suna baki. Ermin yana da hakora mai kaifi, saboda babban abincin shi beraye ne.
Wannan karamin dabba yana da matukar tsufa da tsufa. Yana motsawa da sauri kuma dan kadan fushin. Farauta a cikin lokacin dumi, ɓarna na iya tafiya zuwa kilomita goma sha biyar yayin rana, kuma a cikin hunturu har zuwa kilomita uku. Tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara, dabba tana motsawa a cikin tsalle-tsalle zuwa rabin mitir a tsayi, yayin da masu banƙyama suna da kafafun hind. Lokacin da sauran mahara suka kawo masa hari, ya fi so ya zauna a kan bishiyoyi har sai mai bin sawun ya fita.
Errin shima yana da abokan gaba, waɗannan sune: dawakai da launin shuɗi, mai marten, sable, ed, badger na Amurka, da kuma tsuntsaye masu farauta. Akwai wasu lokuta wanda kurakurai suka kama shi. Dabbobi da yawa suna mutuwa daga kamuwa da cuta ta hanzari, da cuta mai kama da cutar.
Viper na gama gari
Wannan maciji yana da tsawon 35-50 cm.Dan uwan macijin na iya zama launuka daban-daban, amma akwai fasali mai kyau na kowane vipers: zigzag mai duhu ne a bayan, daga bayan kai zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya, wanda aka haɗu akan kowane ɗayan jerin layin duhu mai duhu. Zamu iya ɗauka cewa babban launi na vipers shine azurfa, amma wannan sharaɗi ne, tunda an samo launin toka, rawaya, kore da launin ruwan kasa. Abun ciki na viper duhu launin toka ko da baki. Ofarshen wutsiya koyaushe yana haske cikin launi, galibi lemun tsami.
Vipers suna da manyan idanu masu zagaye. Wasu sun ce suna nuna wani irin wayo ne da tsokanar zalunci. A launi na iris yawanci mai haske mai haske ja, mace mai duhu - haske mai launin shuɗi-mai haske.
A cikin mazauninsu, viper bashi da wata ƙaddara ta musamman, ana iya samunsa anan da can: a cikin gandun daji da hamada, a cikin tsaunuka, makiyaya, filaye, fadama, har ma a cikin tsaunuka. Babban abu shi ne cewa akwai isasshen abinci da haske, kuma ga sauran ba ya tilasta buƙatu na musamman. Musamman yawancin vipers ana samun su a wurare masu lalacewa. Anan suke rayuwa wani lokaci cikin lambobi masu ban tsoro.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa vipers suna son haske da zafi, ba za a iya yin jayayya da cewa wannan macijin yana jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun ba, akasin haka, suna jinkirin rana, kamar jiƙa rana, kuma tare da farkon magariba, macizai su zama masu aiki kuma sun yi rarrafe don farauta. Har idanuwanta sun dace da hangen nesa a cikin duhu: ɗalibin na iya ƙaruwa da raguwa, wanda ba kasafai yake cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe ba.
Abincin ɗan itacen dabbobi shine yawancin dabbobi masu dimi-dimi, musamman mice, waɗanda maciji ya fi dacewa da kowane abinci. Daga lura da masana kimiyya ya biyo bayan cewa tana kama bera ba wai kawai a ƙasa ba, har ma a ƙasa. Karnuka, musamman wadancan tsuntsayen da ke sauka a ƙasa, galibi sukan fada ganima. Za a iya ganima a kan tsuntsaye manya. Tana cin kwaro da mayuka ne kawai a zaman makoma ta ƙarshe.