Daga cikin halittu masu rai, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa sune keɓaɓɓu (amma ban da berayen raƙuman tsirara). Bugu da kari, a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2015, an gano kifin na farko mai cike da dumin jini, wanda masana kimiyya daga National Oceanic and At ikukuheric Administration na Amurka suka gano. Tambayar ko Pterosaurs da dinosaurs na dabbobi masu dumin jini shima zai iya zama ma'ana, dukda cewa a kwanannan masu bincike sunfi samun jini-dumu-dumu, kuma muhawara tuni game da wane nau'in halittar da yake da jini da kuma wanda ba shi ba. Hakanan babu wani cikakken bayani game da irin nau'in ta'addancin da dinosaur suka mallaka, amma bayanan da muke samu suna bamu damar yanke hukuncin cewa dinosaur din suna da alakar akalla ta gida.

A yau, yawancin masu binciken sun yi imani da cewa a cikin tsarin rayuwarsu, dinosaurs sun mamaye ba kawai matsakaiciyar matsayi ba tsakanin dabbobi masu "dumin jini" da kuma "sanyi mai jini", amma a zahiri sun banbanta da biyun. Abun lura da manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe na zamani sun nuna cewa idan dabba tana da karancin girman jikinta fiye da 1 m (wato, kusan dukkanin dinosaur sun kasance kamar haka), to a cikin yanayi mai zafi da dumama (ƙananan yanayin) tare da ƙananan zafin jiki na yau da kullun, yana da ƙarfin riƙe ƙarfin zafin jiki koyaushe. 30 ° C: ƙarfin zafin ruwa (wanda jikinsa ya haɗu da kashi 85%) yana da girma don haka kawai ba shi da lokacin yin sanyi da daddare. Babban abu shine cewa wannan babban zazzabi na jikin yana tabbata ne kawai saboda zafi daga waje, ba tare da saka hannu a cikin aikin abincin nasu ba (wanda dabbobi masu shayarwa dole ne su kashe 90% na abincin da suke ci). Don haka, dabba mai girma mai kama da yawancin dinosaurs zata iya kaiwa iri guda na sarrafawar zazzabi kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa, yayin da take yawan cinyewa ta rayuwa, wannan sabon abu mai suna J. Hotton (1980) da ake kira inertial homeothermia. A bayyane yake, shine rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mutum da juna (wanda ya haɗu da bipedality) shine ya sanya dinosaur din sarakunan yanayin Mesozoic.

A cikin sabon binciken, masanan kimiya na Kanada da Brazil sun iya samun ra'ayi game da wannan asirin juyin halitta. Teamungiyar da Glenn Tattersall na Jami'ar Brock ya jagoranta sun gano cewa baƙar fata ɗan asalin Argentine da fari tagu (Salvator merianae) yana da lokacin-zafi mai-zafi. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon, har zuwa santimita 150 na tsawon tsayi, yana zaune a yawancin Kudancin Amurka kuma sanannu ne ga masanan ilmin halitta. Don mafi yawan shekara, kamar sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe, tegas bask a rana yayin rana, kuma da dare suna ɓoye cikin ramuka suna sanyi. Koyaya, masana kimiyya da ke amfani da firikwensin da dakunan zafi sun gano cewa a lokacin lokacin kiwo, daga Satumba zuwa Disamba, a cikin sa'o'in safiya, yawan numfashi da raunin zuciya na dabba, kuma zafin jikinsu ya tashi, ya zama sama da yawan zafin jiki a cikin rami da digiri goma Celsius. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa ƙwararar Kudancin Amurka wata hanyar matsakaici ce tsakanin dabbobi masu launin sanyi da dabbobi masu jin daɗi. Increaseara yawan zafin jiki a lokacin kiwo yana ƙara yawan ayyukansu yayin neman abokin tarayya, yana haɓaka haɓaka ƙwai kuma yana ba ku damar kulawa da zuriyar. Bugu da kari, alal misali, kunkuru na fata, saboda aikin tsokoki, wani yanki mai rufe kitse mai girma da girma, yana kula da zafin jikin mutum sama da ruwan zafin da yake kewaye da shi. Manyan kasusuwa masu sa ido suma suna dumama yayin farauta ko motsi mai aiki. Manyan macizai irin su Pythons da boas na iya haɓaka zafin jikin ta ta hanyar buɗe zoben da kwankwaso, ana amfani da wannan don dumama da ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai.

Iri na cututtukan gida

Raba bambanci gaskiya ne da m rashin gida.

• Gaskiya mai gida yana faruwa lokacin da rayayyen halitta yake da isasshen matakin metabolism don kula da yawan zafin jiki koyaushe saboda samarwa da kuzari mai cin gashin kansa abinci. Tsuntsayen dabbobi da dabbobi na zamani sune halittun gida na gaskiya. Baya ga isasshen ƙarfin kuzari, suna kuma da dabaru iri-iri da aka tsara don riƙe zafi (gashin fuka-fuka, ulu, ƙaramin yanki mai ɗauke da tsoka nama) da kuma kariya daga zafi fiye da zafi a yanayin zafi (gumi). Rashin kyawun wannan inji shine cewa ana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa don kula da zafin jiki, sabili da haka buƙatar abinci shine mafi girma fiye da kowane yanayi.
• Rashin daidaituwa - wannan yana riƙe da yawan zafin jiki koyaushe saboda girman jiki da girman jiki, haka kuma takamaiman halaye (alal misali, bash a rana, sanyi cikin ruwa). Ingancin inertial endothermia inji ya dogara da farko akan rabo daga zafin jiki (a sauƙaƙe - taro) da matsakaicin ƙwanƙwasa zafin wuta ta hanyar saman jiki (a sauƙaƙe - ɓangaren jikin), saboda haka ana iya ganin wannan kayan a fili kawai cikin manyan nau'ikan. Halittar mai rashin daidaituwa ta jiki yana sanya zafi a hankali a lokacin lokutan zazzabi, kuma a hankali yana sanya sanyi yayin lokutan sanyaya, shine, saboda ƙarfin zafi mai zafi, yanayin zafin jiki ya ragu. Rashin kyawun yanayin inshoial homoyothermy shine zai yiwu kawai tare da wani nau'in yanayi - lokacin da matsakaicin yanayin yanayi ya dace da yanayin zafin jiki da ake so kuma babu wani tsawon lokaci mai tsananin sanyi ko dumama. Daga cikin fa'idodin, ƙaramin buƙatar abinci ya kamata a haskaka shi tare da kyakkyawan yanayin aiki. Misalin halayyar matsanancin rashin gida cuta ce mai kaho. An rufe fatar bakin mahaifa tare da garkuwa masu girman kusurwa dari, wadanda aka shirya su cikin layuka na yau da kullun a bayan baya da ciki, a karkashin su cikin yatsu kuma kasa da yawa a cikin sassan ciki na osteoderma yana haɓaka, suna haifar da ƙonewa. A cikin rana, osteoderms yana tara zafi mai shigowa tare da hasken rana. Saboda wannan, zafin jikin mutum na babban yawu a lokacin zai iya yin jinkiri tsakanin digiri daya ko biyu. Tare da crocodiles, ana iya lura da wata ƙasa ta kusancin inoialmia a cikin ƙasa mafi girma da kuma kunkuru na teku, kazalika da ƙwararar Komodo, manyan duwatsun da boas.

Dabbobin Homoyothermal

Dabbobin gida (kwayoyin masu ɗumi-ɗai masu ɗumi) dabbobi ne waɗanda yawan zafin jiki su suka yawaita ko ƙasa akai kuma, a matsayinka na mai mulkin, baya dogaro da yawan zafin jiki na yanayi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, a cikin abin da yanayin zafin jiki ya danganta da ƙayyadaddun matakan haɓaka yayin da aka kwatanta da kwayoyin poikilothermic. Bugu da kari, suna da murfin rufi na daskararru (fitsari, fur, mai). Yanayin zafinsu yayi matukar tashi: a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa shine 36-37 ° С, kuma a cikin tsuntsaye hutawa ya kai 40-41 ° С.

Dandalin POYKILOTERM - [c. poikilos motley, bambancin + zafi mai zafi, zafi] - dabbobi masu sanyin sanyi, dabbobi tare da yanayin rashin tsayayyen jiki wanda ya bambanta dangane da yanayin zafi na yanayi, waɗannan sun haɗa da dukkanin abubuwan motsa jiki, da kifi, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu shayarwa (dabbobi masu rarrafe )

A lokacin juyin halitta, dabbobi masu jituwa suna haɓaka ikon kare kansu daga sanyi (ƙaura, hibernation, fur, da sauransu).

Mun riga mun san cewa dabbobin gida zasu iya kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin yawan zafin jiki mafi yawa fiye da dabbobin poikilothermic (duba siffa 3), duk da haka, duka sun mutu kusan daidai suke da matsanancin yanayin zafi sosai (a yanayin farko, daga coagulation na furotin, kuma a karo na biyu - saboda daskarewa da ruwa mai narkewa tare da kirkirar lu'ulu'un kankara). Amma har sai wannan ya faru, har sai da zazzabi ya kai ƙima mai mahimmanci, jiki yayi ƙoƙari ya kula da shi a al'ada ko aƙalla kusa da matakin al'ada. A dabi'ance, wannan shine cikakkiyar halayyar kwayoyin halitta na gida-gida tare da thermoregulation, mai iya haɓaka ko rage ƙarfin haɓakar zafi da canja wurin zafi dangane da yanayin. Canjin zafi tsari ne na zahiri, yana faruwa ne a matakan gabobin jiki, kuma samar da zafi ya dogara ne da sinadaran jiki, sunadarai, da kwayoyin halitta. Da farko dai, sanyi ne, girgiza mai sanyi, i.e., ƙananan rikicewar tsokoki mai narkewa tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki da haɓaka samar da zafi. Jiki yana kunna wannan inji ta atomatik, a hankali. Ana iya inganta tasirin sa ta hanyar motsa jiki na son rai, wanda kuma yana haɓaka samar da zafi. Ba haɗari bane domin ci gaba da ɗumi, mu koma motsi.

Zafin jiki. Ba a ba da dabbobi masu amfani da zafin rana kawai saboda samarwa da kansu, amma kuma suna iya ba da izini wajen sarrafawa da kuma ci. Saboda wannan, ana nuna su da yanayin ƙarfin jikinsu da tsayayye. A cikin tsuntsaye, zafin jiki mafi zurfin shine kusan 41 ° C tare da hawa da sauka a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban daga 38 zuwa 43.5 ° C (bayanai don 400 vvd). A karkashin yanayin cikakken hutawa (babban metabolism), waɗannan bambance-bambance suna ɗan ɗanɗano su, daga 39.5 zuwa 43.0 ° С. A matakin daidaituwar kwayoyin jikin mutum, zafin jiki yana nuna babban ƙarfin kwanciyar hankali: kewayon canje-canjen yau da kullun ba ya wuce 2-4 ° C, kuma wannan sauyawa baya da alaƙa da zafin jiki na iska, amma yana nuna rtm na metabolism. Ko da a cikin nau'in Arctic da Antarctic, a yanayin zafi na yanayi har zuwa 20-50 ° C, zazzabi jiki ya bambanta tsakanin 2-4 ° C guda.

Tsarin daidaitawa a cikin dabbobi dangane da zazzabi ya haifar da bayyanar poikilothermic da dabbobi masu haɗari. Dabbobin da yawa masu yawa alaƙa ne, wannan shine, yawan zafin jikinsu yana canzawa tare da canjin yanayi: amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari, da dai sauransu smallerananan dabbobin suna da sihiri iri ɗaya, wato, suna da yawan zafin jiki koda yaushe, basa samun zazzabi Muhallin waje: dabbobi masu shayarwa (haɗe da mutane) suna da yawan zafin jiki na 36-37 ° С, da kuma tsuntsaye masu yanayin zafin jiki na 40 ° С.

Daidaita ilimin dabbobi na yanayin gida don sanyi.

Amma kawai ainihin "dumi-mai jini", dabbobi masu gida - tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa - na iya kula da yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun tare da manyan canje-canje a yanayin zafin jiki. Suna da cikakkiyar juyayi da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na tsarin aiki na zafi, wanda ya haɗa ba wai kawai hanyar ingantacciyar ƙa’idar canja wurin zafi ba ne (ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin yanki na motsa jini, numfashi, gumi da yanayin zafin gashi), amma kuma yana canza canje-canje a cikin ayyukan sarrafa iskar shaka da samar da zafi a cikin jiki. Saboda wannan, zafin jiki na sassan jikin mutum zuwa wani babban matsayi baya dogaro da yawan zafin jiki na yanayin. Saboda haka, tsuntsayen dabbobi masu shayarwa ana kiranta kwayoyin halittun. A wasu daga cikinsu, injinan na thermoregulation ya isa babban iko. Don haka, fox na polar, mujiya mai kaɗa da fari goose sauƙin jure tsananin sanyi ba tare da faɗuwar zafin jiki ba kuma yayin riƙe da bambanci a yanayin yanayin yanayin muhallin na 100 ko sama da haka. Sakamakon kazamin kitse mai rarrafe da kuma rarrabewar wurare dabam dabam na jini, yawancin pinnipeds da kifi Whales suna dacewa sosai don dogon zama cikin ruwan kankara.

Don haka, canje-canje da za a canza canjin zafi a cikin dabbobin gida ana iya yin niyya ba kawai don ci gaba da babban matakan metabolism ba, kamar yadda a cikin yawancin tsuntsayen da dabbobi masu shayarwa, amma kuma a saita ƙananan matakan metabolism a cikin yanayin da ke barazanar rage ƙarfin makamashi. Wannan ikon canza nau'ikan ƙa'idar canja wurin zafi yana faɗaɗa yuwuwar yanayin halitta dangane da homoyothermy.

Rayuwa mai aiki a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da sifiri na iya haifar da dabbobi masu ɗorewa. Poikilothermal ko da yake sun iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ƙasa da sifiri, amma a lokaci guda sun rasa motsi. Zazzabi yana da tsari na +40 ° C, i.e., har ƙasa da ƙarancin coagulation na furotin, saboda yawancin dabbobi matsanancin zafi ne.

Game da yanayin tashin hankali mai sanyi - daidaituwa na kayan dabbobi na dabbobi masu cutar gida don sanyi - bayan lokacin gaggawa don sanyaya, rashi mai sauƙi yana faruwa tsakanin ayyukan ƙarni na zafi da rufin yanayin jikin (siffa 4.11). Tsarin iska mai inganci yana ingantawa, kuma a cikin tsarin samar da zafi, gudummawar da wasu nau'ikan sunadarai suna canzawa zuwa mafi girman abubuwan hada karfi na makamashi. A saboda wannan, ana daidaita yawan zafin jikin mutum, kuma ana rage farashin kuzarin kiyaye ma'aunin zafi.

Babban nau'in daidaitawa ga asalin yanayin zafin shine halayen dabbobi masu alaƙa da juna. Abubuwan da suke daidaitawa na zafin jiki suna da alaƙa da aiki na tsaftace zafin jiki na cikin kullun kuma sun dogara ne akan babban matakin metabolism da ingantaccen aikin aiki na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Hadadden tsarin magudanun cuta don kiyaye lafiyar homeostasis na jiki shine takamaiman kayan dabbobi.

Idan poikilothermic suna da lambobi, to lokacin hunturu da lokacin bazara ya kasance a cikin dabbobi masu ɗorewa, ƙwararrun kwayoyin da kwayoyin sunadarai waɗanda sun banbanta da yawan baki. Abubuwan da suke bayyana na waje iri ɗaya ne: raguwa a cikin zafin jiki jikin kusan zafin jiki na yanayi (kawai lokacin hutowar hunturu, lokacin rashin lokacin bazara ne) da kuma raunin metabolism (sau 10-15), juyawa a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin jikin mutum zuwa ga ɓangaren alkaline, raguwa a cikin mafi kyawun yanayin cibiyar numfashi da raguwa a cikin numfashi zuwa 1 wahayi a cikin mintuna 2.5, yawan zuciya kuma yana raguwa sosai (alal misali, cikin jemagu daga 420 zuwa 16 doke / min). Dalilin wannan shine karuwa a cikin sautin tsarin juyayi na parasympathetic da kuma raguwa cikin farin ciki na masu juyayi. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa yayin ɓarkewa ana kashe tsarin thermoregulation. Dalilin wannan shine raguwa a cikin ayyukan glandon thyroid da raguwa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin hodar iblis a cikin jini. Dabbobin Homoyothermic sun zama poikilothermic.

Tsuntsayen dabbobi masu shayarwa suna iya kula da yanayin jikinsu da daidaituwa, koda kuwa yanayin zazzabi ne. Wadannan dabbobin ana kiransu homocothermal (daga Girkanci. Dabbobin Homoyothermal basu da dogaro da yawa game da hanyoyin zafi na waje.Don hauhawar farashin canjin, suna haifar da isasshen adadin zafin da za'a iya adanawa .. Tunda waɗannan dabbobin sun wanzu ne saboda tushen zafi na ciki, a yanzu ana kiransu endothermic. .

Dukkan abubuwan da ke sama suna nufin abin da ake kira zafin jiki mai zurfi, wanda ke siffanta yanayin yanayin zafi na "ƙarfin" jikin. A cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu rarrafe, rayayyun halittar jikin mutum (juzu'ai, wani bangare na tsokoki, da sauransu) suna samar da “kwasfa” mafi lessasa ko lessasa da zazzabi wanda ya bambanta sosai. Sabili da haka, yanayin zafin jiki yana nuna kawai yanki na fassarar mahimmancin gabobin ciki da aiwatarwa. Abubuwan kyallen samaniya suna tsayayya da mafi yawan zazzabi da ake faɗi.Samun girman kai na iya zama da amfani ga jiki, tunda a irin wannan yanayin zazzagewar zafin jiki a iyakar tsakanin jiki da muhallin, hakan yasa ya sami damar kula da yanayin zafin jiki na “zuciyar” jiki tare da kashe kuzarin kuzari.

Energyaddamar da makamashi a cikin nau'in zafi yana haɗuwa da nauyin aiki na dukkanin gabobin da kyallen takarda (Jadawalin 4.2) kuma halayyar dukkanin rayayyun halittu ne. Specificayyadaddun dabbobi dabbobin gida shine cewa canjin samarwa a matsayin martani ga yanayin canji yana wakiltar su a cikin rawar jiki na musamman wanda baya tasiri matakin aiki da tsarin tsarin ilimin halayyar.

LANDSCAPE HOMEOSTASIS Ikon shimfidar wuri don riƙe ta ainihin fasalinta tsarin sa da kuma yanayin alaƙa tsakanin abubuwa duk da tasirin waje. Dabbobin Gida-GASKIYA [daga c. Iotoyuz mai kama ne, mai kama da kuma (Yeghts - zafi], dabbobi masu dumin jini - dabbobi waɗanda ake kiyaye zafin jikinsu akai-akai duk da zafin jiki na yanayi sabili da kuzarin da aka saki a lokacin metabolism (tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa).

Sakamakon zafin jiki na yanayi. Mahimmanci a cikin haɓaka da aiki mai mahimmanci na kyallen takarda, gabobin jiki da jiki gaba ɗaya shine ɗaukar yawan zafin jiki, (dabbobi). Dabbobin gidaje sun bambanta ta hanyar haɓakawarsu na canza adadin juyawa na zafi (yanayin motsa jiki) ta hanyar sarrafa jini a cikin kyallen takarda da ƙoshin danshi daga jiki, haka kuma canza yanayin zafi (sunadarai na thermoregulation) yayin riƙe da yawan zafin jiki na kullun kyallen takarda da jiki baki ɗaya. Matsakaicin yanayin zafin jikin dabbobi na gida yana tallafawa ta hanyar hadaddun, ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar hanyoyin tafiyar da yanayin zafi da canja wurin zafi. Lokacin da jiki yayi sanyi a cikin jiki, matakan haɓaka aiki yana ƙaruwa kuma samar da zafi yana ƙaruwa, kuma canja wuri mai zafi yana raguwa, lokacin da ya yi zafi, akasin haka, saurin zafi yana raguwa, kuma sauƙin zafi yana ƙaruwa.

Banbancin nau'ikan cikin yanayin zafin jiki sama da wanda ke aiki na yau da kullun yana rikicewa, musamman lokacin da aka kwatanta lokacin da ake kwatanta maniyyi daga dabbobi poikilothermic da dabbobi masu alaƙa, za'a iya bayanin su ta hanyoyi daban-daban (Holwill, 1969). Da fari dai, kwayoyin daban daban suna da bambance bambance a cikin tsarin enzyme, lamba da nau'in nau'ikan abubuwan da suka lalace ta hanyar lalata kwayar halittar jikinta. Abu na biyu, enzyme a cikin nau'in dabbobin da aka yi nazari na iya zama iri daya, kuma bambance-bambance a cikin iyakokin zazzabi wanda ake lura da musababinsa na iya yiwuwa ne sakamakon rarrabuwar yanayin muhalli (pH, maida hankali ne, da sauransu).

Ikon sama a matsayin wurin zama yana da takamaiman fasali: waɗanda ke jagorar hanyoyin juyin halitta na mazaunan wannan yanayin. Don haka, babban abun ciki na oxygen (kusan 21% a cikin iska, kadan a cikin iska ya cika tsarin numfashi na dabbobi) yana yanke shawarar yiwuwar samar da babban matakin metabolism na makamashi. Ba hatsari ba ne cewa a cikin wannan yanayin ne dabbobi masu tsaka-tsakin yanayi suka tashi, ana nuna shi ta babban ƙarfin kuzarin jikin mutum, babban matsayi na 'yancin kai daga tasirin waje, da kuma babban aikin ilimin halittu a cikin yanayin ƙasa. A gefe guda, iska yanayi ana san shi da ƙarancin zafi da canji. Wannan yanayin ya takaita ne da yuwuwar bunkasa yanayin iska, kuma a tsakanin mazaunan an yi shi ne da sauye-sauyen mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin metabolism na ruwa da tsarin tsarin numfashi.

Amfani na biyu mai mahimmanci ga muhalli ga mazaunan halittu masu rai shine kariyarsu daga tasirin abubuwan abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli kai tsaye. A cikin mai masaukin, kusan basu gamuwa da hatsarin bushewa, canjin yanayin kaifi a zazzabi, manyan canje-canje a gishirin da gwamnatocin osmotic, da sauransu. Saboda haka, a cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, akwai mazaunan dabbobi na dabbobi masu lalata. Sauye-sauye a cikin yanayin muhalli yana shafar parasites na ciki da symbionts kawai a kaikaice, ta hanyar rundunar mai watsa shiri.

Dan Adam a matsayin jinsin halitta, wanda ya banbanta da na kowane jinsin da ya gabata, ya tashi ne a cikin tsarin juyin halitta karkashin tasirin dokokin da aka saba da duk abubuwan rayuwa a sakamakon tsinkayen asali da aka samo asalin aiwatar da kwayoyin halittu masu rai. Irin wannan binciken na zuciya, wanda ya haifar da fito da sabbin nau'ikan halitta, ya faru ne kafin bayyanuwar mutum. Don haka, akwai kwayoyin halittu masu yawa, masu layi, dabbobin gida masu yawan zafin jiki.

Misalai da aka jera suna nesa da dukkan nau'in halayen adawa. Wannan ya kamata ya ƙara ikon tsuntsaye masu yawa da dabbobi masu shayarwa don gina nishi, ramuka da sauran mafaka tare da microclimate mai kyan gani, yin amfani da wuraren da ke adana ƙarfin kuzari, motsi na yanayi, yanayin daidaitawa na ayyukan yau da kullun, da dai sauransu. yana fadada karfin muhalli na dabbobin gida.

Assarfin da ke cikin, rage ƙarfin da yake cikin jiki wanda aka fitar dashi (feces, fitsari, da sauransu), shine ƙarfin ƙarfe. An kasafta wani sashi na nau'in tesha a cikin tsarin narke abinci kuma ana rarraba shi ko kuma ana amfani dashi don maganin thermoregulation. Ragowar makamashi ya kasu kashi kuzarin rayuwa, wanda yawancin hanyoyin rayuwa suke cinyewa (a zahiri, wannan kuma shine "kashe kudi akan numfashi"), da makamashi mai amfani, wanda aka tara (aƙalla na ɗan lokaci) a cikin shigar da yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, ajiyar makamashi, kayan jima'i (shinkafa) . 3.1). Energyarfin rayuwa yana haɗuwa da farashin kayan rayuwa na yau da kullun (metabolism na basal, ko basal metabolism) da kuzarin da aka kashe akan nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban. A cikin dabbobin dabbobi, ana kara kashe kuzarin makamashi akan wannan. Duk waɗannan tsadar makamashi suna ƙarewa tare da zubar da makamashi a cikin nau'in zafi - sake, saboda gaskiyar cewa babu wani aiki da ke aiki tare da ingancin 100%. Energyarfin da aka tara a cikin kasusuwa na jikin heterotroph shine ya haifar da sakandare na halittar yanayin, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman abinci ta hanyar masu amfani da manyan umarni.

Amfanin homeothermia

Dabbobin da ke da jini, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su fada cikin rashin walwala ba, sai dai ban da 'yan banbanci, kuma za su iya yin aiki a duk tsawon shekarar, su ci, motsi da kare kansu daga masu dabaibaye.

Kodayake dabbobi masu jini a jika dole ne su cinye abinci mai yawa don su ci gaba da aiki, suna da makamashi da kuma hanyoyin da zasu mamaye duk yankuna na halitta, koda a cikin sanyi na Antarctica ko manyan tsaunika. Hakanan zasu iya tafiya da sauri da nisa nesa ba kusa da dabbobin da ke da jini ba.

Rashin daidaituwa na rashin lafiyar gida

Tunda zafin jikin mutum a cikin dabbobi masu dumin dumu yana da kwanciyar hankali, sune madaidaiciyar runduna ga wurare da yawa, kamar tsutsotsi, ko ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda yawancin su na iya haifar da cututtuka masu ƙarewa.

Tun da dabbobi masu tsaka-tsakin dabbobi suna saki da ƙashin kansu, muhimmin mahimmanci shine rabo daga taro zuwa yanki na jiki. Babban taro na jikin mutum yana haifar da ƙarin zafi, kuma ana amfani da babban yanki na jiki don sanyaya a lokacin rani ko a cikin wurin zama mai zafi, alal misali, manyan kunnun giwaye. Saboda haka, dabbobin da ke da dumin jiki basa iya zama ƙanana kamar kwari-jini.