FOSSA (Cryptoprocta ferox) dabbobi masu shayarwa dabbobi ne kawai wanda mazauninsu shine tsibirin Madagascar. Wannan irin abincin ya isa tsibirin misalin shekaru miliyan 18-20 da suka gabata kuma yanzu yana zaune a duk yankuna inda akwai gandun daji, ban da yankin tsakiyar tuddai.

Bayyanar Madagascar fossa ta zama abin tuntuɓe ga rarrabuwarta. Siffofin jikinta suna da asali a cikin feline, kamar jaguarundi, amma binciken masana kimiyya ya ba da damar rarrabe fossa a cikin jinsin halittar dangin Madagascar.

Jigilar jikin wannan dabba ya kai tsawon 70-80 cm, kimanin daidai adadin zai faɗi a wutsiya. Kafafu suna gajeru da tsoka (kafafu dan kadan fiye da na gaba), kunnuwan da ke fitowa suna dafe kai da karamin kai mara nauyi.

Dukkanin jikin da wutsiya an rufe shi da gajeru, mai taushi, mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda ya fi duhu duhu akan baya fiye da kan ciki. Ana samun daidaikun mutane baƙi. Maza burbushin yi awo kusan kilogram fiye da mata.

A kowane ɓangare na huɗu na maƙiyin akwai alamun share fage, kuma a cikin idon ƙafafin paws suna da hannu sosai. Wannan yana bawa Dandalin damar hawa dutsen da sauri kuma ya gangara daga bishiyoyi, sannan ya gangaro. Bugu da kari, dabbar tana iya motsawa cikin sauri a rawanin bishiyoyi, tana tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe, ta amfani da wutsiya a matsayin ma'auni (kamar yadda hakan ke faruwa, kalli bidiyon da ke ƙasa).

Fossa yana aiki da yawa a maraice da daddare, a cikin rana yana ƙoƙarin kada ya nuna idanunsa, ya ɓoye cikin ramuka, kogo, ko kuma ciyawar da take da yawa. Fiye da 50% na abincin dabba ana lasafta shi da lemurs, wanda maharbi ke kama dama a rawanin itacen. Baya ga abubuwan lemurs, menus na fossa an bambanta su da tsuntsaye, beraye, mashaya da sauran dabbobi. Wani lokacin dafaffen kaji yakan faɗi ƙarƙashin rarrabawa, kuma ya kasance gaskiyar cewa sau da yawa dabbar tana kashe abubuwa da yawa fiye da abin da zata ci, yana da sauƙin tunanin yadda take haɓaka alaƙa da manoma na gida.

A mafi yawancin shekara, Foss suna rayuwa cikin kadaici a yankuna da dama na murabba'in kilomita, wanda suke alama tare da glandon ƙamshi na musamman waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin wutsiya. A lokacin kiwo, wanda ke gudana daga watan Satumba zuwa Oktoba, maza da yawa kan taru a wurin mata. Tsakaninsu, faɗa ya ɓaci kowane lokaci sannan kuma, a cikin kowane ɗayan abokin hamayya ya yi ƙoƙari ya ciji ɗayan, bayan wanda mai asarar ya gudu. Maleaƙƙarfan namiji yana da 'yancin aure da mace, wanda yawanci yakan faru a rawanin bishiyoyi.

Watanni uku masu zuwa, mace ta fossa tana ƙin zuriya. A cikin haske, 'yan maruƙa, adadi daga 1 zuwa 6, suna fitowa tsirara da makafi, amma da sannu za a rufe su da launin toka ko kusan farin gashi.

Uwa tana ciyar da su madara har zuwa watanni 4,5, kuma matasa matasa sun sami 'yanci gaba ɗaya a yankin na shekara. Don sadarwa da juna, mutane suna amfani da sautuna da alamu na gani. Burbusai na iya tsarkakewa, ya zama kamar kuliyoyi, da kuma hargitsi yayin haɗari. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da abokan gaba na halitta, galibi yawansu yana tasiri ne ga mutumin da ya lalata mazaunin ɗabi'ar halittar ɗan adam kuma ya kashe su sakamakon hare-hare da kaji.

Muna kuma bayar da shawarar karantawa game da sauran mazaunan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa:

Ina so in san komai

Daga cikin dabbobi 10 na Madagascar, uku - ƙaramar civet da, ta halitta, cat tare da kare - wanda mutum ya gabatar. Sauran hanyoyin guda bakwai suna da ƙananan ƙananan wurare guda uku na wyverns -fanaluki, mungo-tailed mungo da burbushin halittu. Amma Fossa ita kaɗai ce wakilin sashinta.

Ina gargadin ku nan da nan game da karamin tarko na "tarko": idan kun sami suna Fossa fossana, sannan ku tuna - wannan ba fossa (wanda sunan Latin) Gagarin ferox), kuma ɗayan nau'in fanaluk. Masanin kimiyya Grey ya rikita batun a 1896.

Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan ba shine kawai lapsus na tsari da fossa ba. Ita, yanzu “hundredaya da ɗari bisa ɗari” wanda aka ayyana a matsayin wyverra, an daɗe ana ɗaukarsa wani wakilin ɗan adam daban ne (a wannan ƙarfin yana bayyana, misali, a Bram). Lallai, keken doki mafi girma a Madagascar kuma ɗayan mafi girma a duniya yana kama da saurayi yar tsana a waje, a girma da sikeli, kuma tare da ja da baya, dogayen lafazi, haƙoran haƙora na kama da na katsewa, har ma da wanke shi kamar cat na gida, yana ɗaga ƙafafunsa na gaba da A hankali a yi amfani da juzu'ai na jujjuyawar, sannan a share kafafun hular, sannan a magance wutsiya sannan a cire duk sauran datti cikin mintuna biyar zuwa shida.

A tsibirin Madagascar, dabbobi masu adana waɗanda ba kawai a Afirka kansu ba ne, har da sauran duniya. Animalsaya daga cikin dabbobin da aka fi yin garkuwa da su shine Fossa (lat. Makarincrororo saridan) Shine kadai wakilin halittar Cryptoprocta kuma mafi girman dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ke zaune a tsibirin Madagascar.

Bayyanar burbushin kadan sabon abu: giciye ne tsakanin wyverra da karamar yarinya. Wani lokaci ana kiran fossa kuma Madagascar zaki, tunda magabatan wannan dabbar sun fi girma kuma sun kai girman zaki. Fossa yana da gangar jikin murabba'i, mai girma kuma ɗan ƙaramin juji, tsawonsa zai iya kaiwa zuwa 80 cm (matsakaita yana 65-70 cm). Kafafuwan fossa suna da tsayi, amma kuma suna da kauri, tare da kafafan hind na sama da gaba. Wutsiya yawanci daidai yake da tsawon jiki kuma ya kai 65 cm.

Jikin dabbar an rufe shi da karsaccen gajeren gashi, haka ma, a kai shi goge ne, kuma a bayan sa ya yi duhu (launin shuɗi-mai-haske). Dabba tana tafiya da ita kamar ta beyar. Kamar kowane wakilan gidan civere, fossa yana da glandon firikwensin da ke tona asirin tare da wari mai ƙarfi. A tsakanin mazauna yankin akwai ra'ayi cewa Foss ya kashe waɗanda ke cutar da ƙanshin gland shine yake shafa su.

Wadannan dabbobi galibi suna zaune ne a doron ƙasa, amma galibi suna hawa bishiyoyi, inda suke farautar lemurs - abincin da yafi so na Foss. Ganima fossa Yana kashewa ta hanyar ciza kai daga baya, yayin da rike shi da rike gaba. Wannan dabba tana cin abinci ba wai kawai dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, har ma tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe har ma da kwari. Fossa yakan farauta da daddare, kuma a lokacin yana ɓoye a cikin kogo, a cikin kogo ko a cokalin itace. Dabba ya yi tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe, kuma ya hau itace tare da taimakon bawai kawai yake ba ne, har ma yana da wutsiya mai tsayi. Kamar bayyanar, muryar mai bayyanai tana kama da tashin hankali mai fashewa da ƙarfi, kuma cubaƙwalwa suna yin sautuna masu kama da na gogewa

Fossa ke jagorantar salon rayuwa kawai, amma yayin balaga, watau a watan Satumba-Oktoba, maza 3-4 suka kewaye mace. A lokacin kiwo, dabbobi sun rasa kulawa ta asali kuma suna iya zama masu tayar da hankali. Mahaifiyar mace tana dauke da wata 3, kuma ana haihuwar saniya a watan Disamba-Janairu. Idan sauran wakilan dangin civerora da ke zaune a tsibirin Madagascar suna da guda ɗaya, mace Fossa zata sami 'ya'ya biyu zuwa huɗu.

Jariri yakai kimanin 100 g, makaho ne, marasa taimako kuma an rufe su da fur daga furfura mai haske. Matashin burbushin yara ya fara gani cikin kwanaki 12-14, bayan kimanin kwanaki 40 suka fara barin ramin da kansu, kuma cikin watanni biyu tuni sun hau kan rassan. Matan ne kawai ke shiga cikin zuriya: suna ciyar da offspringa withansu da madara har tsawon watanni 4, duk da cewa thean sandansu sun riga sun ci nama a wannan zamani. Fossa kawai lokacin da ya kai shekaru 4 ya zama balagagge, amma ya bar ɓarnar yana da shekara 20.

Tsawon rayuwar wannan dabbar da ke zaman aure shine shekaru 15-20. Yawan burbushin na raguwa, kuma galibi mutane ne ke da alhakin hakan, tunda babban dansandan tsibirin Madagascar bashi da abokan gaba a yanayi. Daga cikin ativesan asalin ƙasar, Foss ɗin ya sami suna a matsayin mai farauta, yana kai hare hare da lalata ba kawai kaji na kaji ba, har ma yana kashe awaki da aladu, wani lokacin kuma mutane. Yan gari suna da'awar cewa fossa, lalata dabbobi, wasu lokuta yakan lalata fiye da yadda yake ci. Mutane suna farautar waɗannan dabbobin kuma suna cin naman su.

An samo burbushin a cikin Littafin Red Council na Majalisar Duniya don Kariyar Yanayi da Albarkatun Kasa, kamar yadda suke a gab da karewa. A yau a duniya akwai kusan mutane 2500, wanda daga baya aka dawo da shi a shekara ta 2000 burbushin ya sami matsayin “nau'in halittar dake cikin hadari”.

Foss, a fili, lamuni ne, kodayake kusan ba a yin nazarin halayen su na zamantakewa. Koyaya, a lokacin estrus (Satumba-Nuwamba), magoya baya 3-4 sun taru kusa da mace ɗaya. A cikin lokacin mating, Foss din ya rasa kulawa ta al'ada har ma ya zama mai tsaurin ra'ayi .. Jima'i na farko ya kai har zuwa awa daya. Yaran sun bayyana a watan Nuwamba-Janairu, kuma, sabanin sauran wyverrovs na Madagascar (sau da yawa ana maimaita wannan kalmar!), Fossa ɗin mace na iya haihuwar 2-4 (da danginta - ɗaya kaɗai). Jariri yakai kimanin 100g, baya iya tafiya, makanta ne, an rufe shi da kauri mara nauyi, kusan farin gashi. A bayyane yake, mace tana haihuwar zuriya kaɗai. Bayan haihuwa, koyaushe suna cikin tsari ko gida. Bayan kwanaki 15, yaran sun fara gani a fili, kuma bayan wata daya suka fara motsawa suna wasa. Vosses mai shekaru biyu ya riga ya hau rassa ya yi tsalle a ƙasa, kuma a cikin uku da rabi suna iya tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe ko kuma 3.5 m a ƙasa. Iya tana ciyar da su madara har zuwa watanni 4-4.5, kodayake a yanzu sun fara cin nama. A cikin shekaru biyu, dabbobi sun kai tsawon manya, sannan kuma su bar uwa. Lokacin da ya cika shekaru uku, dabbar ta ci gaba da girma: ya kai nauyin girma da balaga. Yawan rayuwar Fossa kusan shekara goma sha bakwai ne.

Fosses dabbobi ne na katako wanda zasu iya tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe da hawa kango har zuwa 80 cm a girma (duk da haka, don shawo kan tsawan tsayi sama da 50 m, fossa ya fi son ƙasa mai ƙarfi). A bayyane yake, wannan yana bayanin cewa daga mafaka suna ɗaukar cocin bishiyoyi a zaman mafi kyawun zaɓi, kodayake akwai wasu ramuka waɗanda fosses suka haƙa, kogon da suka mamaye su, har ma da ɗan canza yanayin motsi tare da: uh: burbushin. Hawan bishiyoyin burbushin tare da taimakon paws da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, wanda kuma ana amfani dashi don tabbatar da daidaituwa kuma yana taimakawa lokacin saukowa daga gangar jikin tsaye. Fossa yana tafiya tare da ggidan, yana yaduwa gaban kafafunsa yana ja da kafafunsa a karkashin ciki, wanda, sannan ya miƙe, yakan dabbar. A lokacin zuriya, akasin gaskiya ne: banda hindun kafaɗun na taka rawar birki, amma gaban gaba yana lanƙwasa. A cikin ɓawon ruwan inabi, fossa yana hawa tare da tallafi a kan maki uku, yana sanya gaba da kafafun baya.

An rarraba Fossa a Madagascar har zuwa 2000 m sama da matakin teku, in ban da tsakiyar tsaunin tuddai. Yana zaune da yankuna na tsaunukan tuddai, filaye da savannahs, gandun daji mai bushe da bushe bushe, bushes Fossa yana jagorantar wata hanya ta sirri, akasari kuma rayuwar rayuwa. Ya danganta da kasancewar samarwa da lokacin shekara, burbushin na iya aiki cikin sa'o'in hasken rana. Ranar tana ciyarwa ne a cikin matsuguni daban-daban: kogo da sauran voids na dabi'a da na wucin gadi, watsi da gararam ko kuma a cikin cokali mai yatsa cikin bishiyoyi Tana hawa da tsalle sosai ta cikin bishiyoyi, inda ta fara ganima. Fossa yana ɗaga saman akwati, yana yaduwa kafaɗun gabanta yana jan ƙafafun kafa a ƙarƙashinta, waɗanda aka miƙe, suna matsawa. A lokacin zuriya, kafaffun kafaffun kafaffun hular sun taka rawar birki, kuma gaban gaba suna lankwasuwa. Fossa na iya iyo.

Fossa shine mai ƙarancin son kai. Idanunta, ji da jin ƙanshi suna da haɓaka. Tushen abincin Fossa nau'ikan layi ne daban-daban: waɗannan sune tsuntsayen, dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa: ragowar dabbobi da lemurs, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 50% na yawan abincin. Fossa farauta ita kadai ko a cikin kungiyoyin dangi (mace da 'yayanta). Waɗannan mafarautan suna kashe ganima, suna riƙe da hannunsu na gaba da cizo a bayan kai. Kada ku raina burbushin da kwari. Da daddare, Farsa tana kaiwa wasu dabbobi hari, gami da aladun gida, kaji, da sauransu, wani lokacin kuma yakan lalata yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa.

Fossa yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa banda lokacin kiwo. Muryarta yayi kama da na cat - burbushin na haifar da wata jita-jita mai saurin fashewa, 'Ya'yan tsatso, kuma maza sun yi ihu da babbar murya a lokacin lokacin canjin. Yayin balaga, ana samo burbushin a cikin rukuni-rukuni har zuwa 4-8 mutane, kuma a wannan lokacin sun rasa kulawa ta yau da kullun kuma suna zama mawuyacin hali a wannan lokacin. Dukansu maza da mace na ɗan asalin yanki yanki ne, kuma girman wurin mutum yana da kusan 1 km2, iyakokin abin da ke nuna sirrin glandar gwari. Ana lura da halayyar tashin hankali ne kawai a lokacin kiwo.

Manyan dabbobi za su iya kaiwa hari ta hanyar manyan macizai da kuma tsuntsayen da ake farauto. Lokaci-lokaci, fossi na zama wadanda ke fama da karnuka. Rayuwar rayuwar fursunoni a zaman talala ya kai shekaru 20, a cikin bauta, bi da bi, ƙasa kaɗan.

A tsakanin jama'ar karkara, har yanzu ana yada labaru cewa fossa wani lokacin yakan fi girma akan ganima, har da shanu da mutane. Amma, wataƙila, a nan muna magana ne game da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun halayen (Cryptoprocta spelea), wanda a cikin bayyanar yayi kama da burbushin halitta, amma yana da girman ozont. An yi imani da cewa babbar giza fossa ta nemi manyan lemurs kuma mutanen da suka zauna a tsibirin sun lalata shi. A halin yanzu, fossa wani lokacin yana cutar da mutane ta hanyar kai hari kaji da aladu. An jera shi a cikin Jerin Rukunin IUCN azaman Abubuwan da ke cikin Lafiya da kuma a cikin Babban Taron CITES (Shafi na II). A cewar masana, kimar adadin burbushin halittu kusan kashi 2500 ne. Babban barazanar da ke haifar da nau'in shine asarar mazauni da rarrabuwa ta kewayon, da kuma lalata su kai tsaye ta hannun manoma na gida, waɗanda ke ɗaukar su a matsayin kwari. A lokaci guda, shirin farautar kisa na masu burki a halin yanzu yana gudana cikin nasara.