Daga cikin wakilai da yawa na cat lynx, yana tsaye ba kawai don bayyanar ta asali ba, har ma don halayensa. Ga wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da lynx.

1. Lynx yana da ƙyamar musamman ga dawakai kuma, a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, yayi yunƙurin hallaka su. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar sha'awar dawakai don cin abinci akan abin da baƙon yake, don haka idan da lynx ya lura da dabbar da ke kusa, to tana jira kusa da abin da ta farauto. Bayan haka, ya ci zarafi, ya ci karo da barawo. Abin sha'awa shine, lynx baya cin abincin da ya mutu, amma ya bar shi a wuri.

2. Hoton wani lynx ne sau da yawa samu a heraldry, personifying visual acuity. Kwararru sun gabatar da hangen nesa - a kan suturar makamai na Finland akwai hoto na lynx, ba zaki ba.

3. Saurin jin lynx yana da kyau kwarai, don haka yana iya jin matakan ɗan adam a nesa mai nisan mil da dama. Lokacin farauta na lynx, dole ne a nuna ainihin fasaha.

4. Bayyana abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da lynx, ya kamata a lura da alaƙar da ke tsakanin wannan dabba da mutum. Lynx zai iya saurin wuyan mutum a wuyan sa, amma irin waɗannan hare-hare suna da wuya sosai - suna iya gujewa mutane. Akwai imani cewa ganin lynx babbar nasara ce ga mutum.

5. tsoffin Helenawa sun yi imani da iyawar lynx don hango abubuwa ta hanyar. Saboda haka, wannan dabba ta sami suna don girmamawa ga almara gwarzo Lucius, wanda ya mallaki irin wannan damar. Girkawa suna ɗaukar Amber azaman fitsari mai ɗaukar hoto na lynx.

6. Al'umman masana kimiyyar Italiya a 1603 sun kafa Cibiyar Lynxes, wanda Galileo ya kasance memba. Babban burin masu ilimin shi ne yaki da wariya da kuma neman gaskiya. Lynx, yana lalata yatsun Cerberus, alama ce ta kubutar da mutane daga duhun jahilci ta hanyar ilimin kimiyya.

7. Tassels a kunnuwa suna ba da asalin ƙwayar lynx. An lura cewa ba tare da waɗannan goge-goge ba cikin jin an rage girman ji.

8. Lynxes, kafa biyu, taron da aka gudanar bisa tsarin al'ada. Mutane da ke tsaye a kan juna sun fara kunna bututun wuta a goshinsu.

9. Saboda kyakkyawar furfura da daddaɗa na lynxes, an shafe su an daɗe. Yanzu an jera wannan dabbar a cikin Littafin Ruwa kuma an kiyaye shi.

10. Lokacin da yake motsawa a hankali, lynx yana sanya kafarsa ta baya a sawun sawun gaban sa. Lokacin da mutane da yawa suka motsa, bobcats na baya suna zuwa daidai gaban waƙar. Haka kuma akwai broods na damisa da kyarketai.

Mr. Cat ya ba da shawarar: bayanin, halaye, yanki

Iberian, Spanish ko Pyrenean Lynxes (Lynx pardinus) sune karnukan daji na halittar Lynx da ke zaune a gabar Iberian a kudu maso yammacin Turai (kudancin Spain kusa da kan iyaka tare da Portugal), wanda ke cikin jerin masu haɗari na IUCN Red.

A farkon karni na 21, Iberian Lynx yana gab da hallakawa, tunda kusan mutane 100 ne kawai suka tsira a cikin wasu yankuna biyu da ke cikin Andalusia. Matakan kiyaye sauran dabbobin, an aiwatar da su tun 2002, sun hada da inganta mazauninsu, sake cike albarkatun abinci, motsawa da daidaita abubuwan Lynxes na Iberian a wannan yankin, wanda ya sa a shekarar 2012 yawan mutane ya karu zuwa mutane 326. A matsayin ƙoƙari don kubutar da wannan nau'in daga lalata, an ci gaba da aiwatar da ayyuka a wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen musamman.

A da, ana ɗaukar matsayin ƙaramar Eynsian Lynx (Lynx lynx), yanzu ana kiran Mutanen Espanya azaman nau'in daban. Duk nau'ikan biyu sun hadu a Tsakiyar Turai a cikin Pleistocene kuma sun haɓaka azaman rassa daban a Late Pleistocene. An yi imanin cewa wannan maƙiyin ya fito daga tsohuwar asalin Lynx issiodorensis.

Iberian Lynx ya hango mai tauri mai kauri daga rawaya zuwa tan, ƙaramin jiki, dogayen kafafu, gajeren wutsiya, ƙaramin kai tare da kunnuwa masu gudu da hancin fuska, da kuma dogon shinge a fuska.

Tsawon kai da gangar jikin maza daga 74.7 zuwa 82 cm, tare da wutsiya daga 12.5 zuwa 16 cm da nauyin 7 zuwa 15.9 kg. Maza sun fi girma fiye da na mace; a ƙarshen, tsawon daga kai zuwa jiki ya kai daga 68.2 zuwa 77.5 cm, nauyin kuma ya kai kilo 10.

Tsarin fur ɗin ya bambanta daga daidaituwa da kuma yawan rarrabuwa tsakanin ƙananan aibobi zuwa ƙarin alamomin elongated dake kan layi tare da rage girman girman daga baya zuwa bangarorin.

Lynx na Mutanen Espanya ya taɓa rayuwa a gabar Iberian Peninsula da kuma a kudancin Faransa. A cikin shekarun 1950s, al northernumomin arewa sun bazu daga Bahar Rum zuwa Galicia da wasu sassan arewacin Portugal, da kuma kudanci daga tsakiya zuwa kudanci Spain.

Yawan adadin ya ragu daga 15 a cikin 1940 zuwa kashi biyu kacal a farkon shekarun 1990, galibi a Montes de Toledo da Sierra Morena.

Har zuwa 1973, jinsunan sun kasance a cikin filayen bakin tekun na Sierra de Gata, Montes de Toledo, gabashin Sierra Morena, Sierra de Relumbrar da Doñana. Daga farkon shekarun 1960 zuwa 2000, Pyrenees Lynx ya ɓace kusan kashi 80% na tsohuwar yankinsa kuma yanzu haka an iyakance shi ga yankuna kaɗan na kudancin Spain tare da rarrabewar rarrabewa a cikin filayen gabar tekun na Sierra Morena da Doñana.

Binciken binciken mitochondrial DNA daga burbushin halittu, wanda aka buga a cikin Maris 2015, ya ba da shawarar cewa Iberian Lynx yana da mafi fadi a cikin Late Pleistocene da Holocene, ciki har da arewacin Italiya da kudancin Faransa.

Pyrenees Lynx ya fi son yanayi mai banbancin fili wanda aka haɗe shi da ciyawa mai yawa kamar su strawberries, mastic, juniper, da bishiyoyi, musamman dutse da itacen oak. A halin yanzu, yankin rarrabuwar yanki yana da iyakance ga wuraren tsaunuka.

Saurari muryar Pyrenees Lynx

Kamar yadda aka saba, ga dukkan lynxes yana da kafaffun kafafu masu tsayi, a cikin kunnuwan akwai bakake masu launin fata, akwai kuma wutsiyar wutsiya, samansa wanda aka fentin baƙi. A kan mucks a tarnaƙi akwai doguwar sutura, a cikin nau'in whiskers. Ya kasance yana zaune a cikin daji kusan shekara goma sha uku.

Ya fi dacewa a kan ƙananan wasa - hares da zomaye, a wasu lokuta kawai kan kaiwa hare-hare da barewa.

Rayuwar Pyrenees lynx, kamar dangin sa, bashi da wata matsala. Maza a hankali suna keɓe wuraren farautarsu, wanda yawanci yakan kai muraba'in mita goma sha biyar. kilomita. Mata ne kawai ke iya shiga yankinsu. Rashin kwanciyar hankali na lynxes yana ƙare ne kawai a cikin lokacin mating, wanda zai iya gudana daga Janairu zuwa Yuli. Hakkin yin haihuwar an sanya su ne kawai ga mace; uba ba ya shiga cikin su.

A cikin hunturu, Jawo a Pyrenees lynx dims kuma ya zama mai zurfi.

A shirye-shiryen haihuwar jarirai, mahaifiyar na samun wurin da babu shi a cikin wani irin rami a cikin akwati na itacen oak ko kuma sanduna masu dacewa. Kwanaki saba'in bayan balaguro, ana haihuwar kittini ɗaya zuwa huɗu, masu nauyin gram ɗari biyu. Har zuwa watanni biyar, suna ciyar da madara uwar, kodayake suna iya cin abincin gama gama gari wata ɗaya. Suna farauta da kansu bayan watanni bakwai. Kuma duk da wannan, yaran sun kasance kusa da mahaifiyarsu har sai sun sami filayen farauta. Yana yawan faruwa har zuwa shekaru biyu.

An fara shari'ar farko game da haihuwar 'Pyrenean lynx' a 29 Maris, 2005.

Ayyukan Lynx ya dogara da lokacin shekara. A cikin hunturu, tana farauta da rana, kuma a lokacin rani, da gudu daga zafin rana, galibi da daddare. Iberian lynx ne mai matukar ɗaukar hoto a cikin abinci. Duk da gaskiyar cewa tana iya ciyar da jijiyoyi da ƙuruciya, babban abincin shine hares da zomaye. A baya, zomaye sun yi yawa a waɗannan wurare, amma yanzu komai ya bambanta. A tsakiyar karni na 20, cutar ta Kudancin Amurka ta rage adadin su. Dangane da haka, saboda wannan, adadin lynx na Spain ya ragu sosai.

A cewar kimomi na 2005, yawan Iberian lynx mutum 100 ne kawai.

Don ciyar da ƙarancin adadin mutanen Iberian lynxes, dole ne ku sami babban adadin zomaye na Aline. A shekarar 2005, adadin ya kai wani matsayi mai mahimmanci, bai wuce mutum ɗari ba. Sakamakon barazanar ƙonawa, an jera wannan nau'in cikin Red Book, Rataye I CITES, da kuma cikin jerin Consungiyar Kula da Duniya.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Fasalin halayen

Iberian Lynx yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Ta fi son farauta da kan ta, tana da damar bin wanda aka cutar ko kuma ta jira na awanni a baya bayan wani daji ko dutse har sai abin da ganima ya kusa isa ya same ta.

Matasa matasa suna da filayen farautar su da adadinsu yakai murabba'in mita 100. km Girman yankin ya dogara ba kawai ga yanayin dabba na dabba ba, har ma da wadatar wadatar abinci.

Iberian Lynxes, a matsayin mai mulkin, na buƙatar mafi karancin sarari na murabba'in 5 zuwa 20. km, kuma ga yawan mata 50, da ke shirya ramin ko kuma ciyar da ɗiyan, yana ɗaukar kimanin murabba'in 500. km

Abin ban sha'awa, bayan kafa yankin farauta na mutum, waɗannan bangarorin yawanci suna da tsayayye a cikin girman shekaru, iyakokin su kan wuce ta hanyoyi da hanyoyi.

Iberian Lynx yana wakiltar yankinsa tare da fitsari da kuma filayen da aka bari akan hanyoyin ko ciyayi, da kuma huɗar bishiyar bishiyoyi.

Yankin

Akwai Pyynne lynx a kudu maso yammacin Spain (yawancinsa yana cikin Coto Doñana National Park), kodayake da farko ya bazu cikin Spain da Fotigal. Yanzu iyakinta yana iyakantacce ne ga tsaunin dutse.

Iberian lynx fi son yanayin mahalli na bude makiyaya an haɗe shi da ciyawa mai yawa kamar su strawberries, mastic da juniper, gami da bishiyoyi kamar dutse da itacen oak.

Tun da farko, lynx na Iberian ya kuma rayu a gabar Iberian Peninsula da kuma a kudancin Faransa. A shekarun 1950s, matsayinta na arewacin ya tashi daga Bahar Rum zuwa Galicia da wasu sassan arewacin Portugal, da kuma kudu daga tsakiya zuwa kudancin Spain. Girman adadin ya ragu daga ƙananan ƙananan hukumomi 15 a cikin 1940s zuwa ƙananan ƙananan lambobi biyu kawai a farkon shekarun 1990.

Har zuwa 1973, lynx na Iberian kuma ya kasance yana zaune a tsibirin bakin tekun na Sierra de Gata, Montes de Toledo, gabashin gabashin More More, Sierra de Relumbrar da Doñana. A farkon shekarun 1960 zuwa 2000, asara ta kusan kashi 80% na yankunanta. A halin yanzu, ana iya samun lynx na Iberian kawai a cikin iyakantattun wurare a kudancin Spain, a cikin filayen bakin teku na Sierra Morena da Doñana.

Abincin abinci

Lynx na Iberian yana ƙanƙanta fiye da danginsa na arewa kuma yawanci yana cin abinci akan ƙananan dabbobi, babu girma fiye da hares. Hakanan ya bambanta zaɓaɓɓen wurin zama, wato, wuraren buɗe wurare fiye da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa na sasanta nau'in Eurasia da ke mamaye gandun daji.

Lynx na Iberian da farko yana farautar zomo na Turai (Oryctolagus cuniculus), wanda shine mafi yawan abincin da mai cin abincin yake.

Jerin victimsancin waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya karuwa da ɗan jigon lega ,an ,a ,an jan wuta, rodents kuma, a mafi ƙarancin, ma yan unguwa. Wani lokacin dabbar tana cin naman maɗaukakkiyar yarinya, bareyi, barewa da duwatsun.

Namiji yana buƙatar zomo guda ɗaya a rana, yayin da macen da ta ciyar da kitso zata ci har uku a lokaci guda.

Pyrenees Lynx yana da karancin karbuwa, har yanzu ya dogara da yawan zomaye, wanda yake kashi 75% na abincin da yake ci yau da kullun, duk da maimaita raguwa a adadin na ƙarshe sakamakon cututtukan biyu da suka barke tsakanin abincin abinci - myxomatosis, wanda ya bazu ko'ina cikin Iberia bayan Paul-Felix Armand-Delisle ya gabatar da zomaye ga Faransa a cikin 1952, kazalika da cutar zomo, wanda aka fara a 1988.

A shekarar 2011 da 2012, an sami bullar barkewar cuta guda biyu. An lura da murmurewa kawai a wasu yankuna - a cikin 2013, an ƙaddamar da yawaitar zomaye a kudu da Cordoba, sakamakon lalacewar abubuwan hawa da gonaki.

Koyaya, a cikin Disamba 2013, an ba da rahoton cewa wakilan dabbobin daji sun damu da yaduwar sabon yanayin cutar basur wanda ke damun matasa zomaye. Yawancin abin da ya shafa shi ne sansanin abinci na Lynx a cikin Sierra Moren, wanda ya fadi a matsakaita daga ukun hectare zuwa ƙasa da ɗaya, wanda ke ƙasa da ƙaramin matakin da ake buƙata na 1.5-2 a kowace kadada.

Tilasta yin tafiya mai nisa don abinci, Iberian Lynx ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da mutuwa a cikin haɗarin zirga-zirga.

Lynx dan kasar Sipaniya ya yi gasa tare da farauta da fox mai jan (Vulpes vulpes), wani dan asalin kasar Masar (Herpestes ichneumon), wata bishiyar daji ta Turai (Felis silvestris silvestris) da kuma halittar jini (Genetta genetta).

Lynx na Mutanen Espanya kyakkyawa ne masu farauta tare da tsinkaye na gani mai ban mamaki, kyakkyawar ji da ƙanshi. Suna iya farautar biyu daga ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi, ba zato ba tsammani suna tsalle kan wanda aka azabtar da shi ta gefen hanya, suna jira abin da zai faru a cikin kwatangwalo a cikin duwatsu.

Dabba ya gwammace ya dauki gawa daga wurin farauta kuma a hankali a ci abinci a inda babu shi. Idan akwai nama da yawa, Lynx zai yi cache, wanda zai zo washegari.

Balaga da haihuwa

A lokacin ma'aurata, mace zata bar yankin ta neman namiji. Zaman mace mai ciki na kimanin watanni biyu, ana haihuwar kittini ne daga Maris zuwa Satumba, kuma mafi girman haihuwa yakan faru ne a watan Maris da Afrilu. Litter ya ƙunshi biyu ko uku (da wuya ɗaya, huɗu ko biyar) ƙw waɗanda ke awo daga nauyin 200 zuwa 250.

Matasa suna samun 'yanci tsakanin shekarun 7 zuwa 10, amma suna tare da mahaifiyarsu kimanin shekara guda da watanni 8. Rayuwar matasa shine ya dogara da yawaitar ganima. A cikin daji, dukkan maza da mata sun isa balaga tun suna shekara guda, kodayake a aikace ba sa samun kiwo har sai wuraren farauta kyauta.

Shekaru da yawa, kwararru sun kalli mace wacce ba ta haihuwar shekaru biyar ba har sai mahaifiyarta ta mutu. Matsakaicin rayuwa a cikin daji shine shekaru 13.

‘Yan’uwa maza sun zama abokan hamayya tsakanin kwanaki 30 zuwa 60, sun kai iyalai 45. 'Yar karamar kyar ta kashe abokin karawarta a wani mummunan fada. Ba a san dalilin da ya sa wadannan barkewar tashin hankali ke faruwa ba, kodayake masana kimiyya da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan ya samo asali ne daga canjin matakan hormonal yayin da jaririn ya sauya daga madarar mahaifiyarsa zuwa nama. Wasu suna da tabbacin cewa wannan na faruwa ne saboda matsayin mutane da zaɓi na ɗabi'a lokacin da abin da ya fi dacewa ya rayu.

Matsalar neman abokan tarayya don yin haɗin kai tsakanin Mutanen Espanya Lynx ya haifar da adadin lokuta na inbreeding, wanda ya haifar da raguwar adadin haihuwar da adadin gaskiya na rashin haɗarin mutuwar dabbobin dabbobi.

Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa inbreeding yana haifar da raguwa a cikin darajar maniyyi da haɓaka rashin haihuwa a cikin maza, wanda, bi da bi, yana hana ƙirƙirar kyawawan halayen zuriya don tabbatar da daidaituwar nau'in.

Godiya ga sake haɓakawa da sauran matakan muhalli, Iberian Lynx a yau ya tashi daga ɓangaren nau'in haɗarin da ke cikin haɗari.

Populationarancin jama'a suna sa wannan dabbar daji musamman cikin haɗari ga ruduwa daga abubuwan da suka faru ba zato ba tsammani kamar bala'i ko bala'i.

Matakan kiyayewa sun hada da maido da mazauninsu na asali, adana yawan zomo na daji, rage dalilan da ke haifar da mutuwa, da kuma haifar da Lynx na Sifen a cikin zaman fursuna don sakewarsu a cikin mahallin.

Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Spain ta amince da wani shiri na kiyaye Iberian Lynx a vivo, kuma yana kuma taimakawa wajen kirkiro da sabbin mutanen da aka rarraba su kyauta ta hanyar shirye-shiryen sake sabuntawa.

Kafin sake sakin wasu kuliyoyi da aka kama, za a iya tsara dabi'un su don tsara su don rayuwa a cikin daji.

Binciken ya yi amfani da tsarin sa ido ba tare da kulawa ba, gami da kyamarori don bin diddigin bayanan adon jikin macizai da zomaye da ke zaune a Sirin Moren.

Lynx na Iberian yana da cikakken kariya, kuma ba a yarda farauta don dabbobi ba.

Barazana ga maharbi na ci gaba da faruwa sakamakon asarar mazaunin a sakamakon kasancewa ƙarƙashin motoci, guba, mutuwa daga karnukan daji, farautar haramtacciyar hanya da kuma barkewar cutar sankarar bargo.

Dabbobin da aka yiwa wucin gadi a wucin gadi ana shafar su koda yaushe sakamakon rashin nasara na yara, wanda hakan kuma yana hana saurin dawo da al ofummomin waɗannan kuliyoyi masu ban mamaki.

Lalacewar mazaunin galibi saboda ingantattun kayan more rayuwa, ci gaban birane da wuraren shakatawa, gami da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, waɗanda ke rarrabe rarraba Lynx.

A cikin 2013, an ba da rahoton cewa Pyrenees Lynx mai ɗaukar hoto ne a cikin narkewa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙin ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai iya haifar da haɗari mafi wahala da wahalar magance cututtukan cuta kuma ya kara dagula yanayin yawan jama'a.

Nazarin da aka gudanar a wannan shekarar sun ba da shawarar cewa canjin yanayi na iya yin barazana ga Iberian Lynx saboda gazawarsu na dacewa da sabbin halaye ko haifar da sakewarsu a yankuna da yanayin zazzabi mafi dacewa, amma ƙarancin zomaye, wanda, bi da bi, sake haifar da karuwa ga mace-mace a tsakanin dabbobi.

Ana haɓaka ƙoƙarin gudanarwa don kiyayewa da dawo da martabar dabba. Kwararrun da ke niyyar sakin Mutanen Espanya Lynx wanda aka keɓe a cikin bauta, suna neman shafuka tare da mazaunin mazaunin da ya dace, yawan zomaye da halayyar abokantaka na jama'ar yankin.

An kashe kusan Yuro miliyan 90 akan matakai daban daban don kiyaye al populationumar musamman ta macijin daji a cikin lokacin daga 1994 zuwa 2018, Europeanungiyar Tarayyar Turai ma ta ba da gudummawa, har zuwa kashi 61% na tallafin daga gare ta.

A watan Agusta 2012, masu bincike sun ba da sanarwar cewa an tsara jerin abubuwan Iberian lynx, an fassara su.

Masana ilimin kimiyya kuma sun tsara gwaji na musamman game da ragowar Lynx da ta daɗe don a daidaita asarar bambancin ƙwayoyin halitta da inganta shirye-shiryen kiyayewa. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, an ba da rahoton cewa masu bincike sun gano ragowar 46 Iberian Lynxes a cikin tarin kayan tarihi da na kayan tarihi. Koyaya, sun kiyasta kashi 40% na samfuran sun ɓace a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.

Lynx na Iberian yana da ƙananan bambancin ƙwayoyin halitta fiye da kowane ɗan itacen ɗan adam wanda aka san shi da talauci, kamar su cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), zaki da kuma lynx Eurasian a Scandinavia. Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa wannan na iya zama sakamakon raguwar girman yawan mutane da kuma keɓewa mai tsawo. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar haɗu da wasu rukunoni daban-daban na mutane don rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Matan uku suna zaune a cikin Sherry Zoo, kuma kwararru suna haɓaka tsarin kiwo. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan mutanen Saliga, wata yar kyanwa ta kama a watan Afrilun 2002. Ta zama mace ta farko ta Iberian Lynx da ta haihu a cikin bauta, ta haihu da ƙanana uku a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2005, a cibiyar kiwo ta El Acebuche, a Doñana Natural Park a Huelva, Spain.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, adadin litter ya ƙaru, kuma aka buɗe ƙarin cibiyoyin kiwo. A cikin Maris 2009, an ba da rahoton cewa kittens 27 an haife su daga farkon shirin, yanzu akwai ma fiye da haka. Gwamnatin kasar Spain na shirin kafa gidan kula da yara wanda yawansu ya kai Euro miliyan 5.5 a Zarza de Granadilla. A Fotigal, Lince Iberico National Centre for Sake haifuwa (CNRLI) ta kafa cibiyar kiwo a Silves.

Iberian Lynx za a iya ganinta a cikin bauta kawai a cikin Jerez Zoo, tun Disamba 2014 ita ma ta zauna a Lisbon, kuma tun Yuli 2016 a Madrid. Kari akan haka, yanzu Pyrenees Lynx yana dauke kuma yana yaduwar wucin gadi a cikin National Park na Doñana da Sierra de Andujar.

Akwai kuma Cibiyar Maimaitawa ta Iberian Lynx kusa da ƙauyen Vale Fuseiros, kusa da birnin Silves na Portugal.

Kiwo

Pyrenean lynxes dabbobi ne na polygynous, shine, namiji ɗaya zai iya miji ba tare da mace ɗaya ba, amma tare da dayawa. Lynx suna haihuwa sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Lokacin kiwo yana da tsayi kuma yayi daidai da estrus a cikin mata - daga Janairu zuwa Yuli. Cutar ciki tana daga kwanaki 72 zuwa 78. Girman haihuwa yana faruwa ne a farkon watanni farkon - Maris da Afrilu. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, mace ta haihu a cikin zurfin daji ko kuma ta nemi ramuka a cikin itacen itacen oak. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana haihuwar 'yan uku masu nauyin gram 250, wani lokacin ma har ya kai biyar, wani bangare kawai ya mutu. Uwa kaɗai ke cikin reno, mahaifin bashi da sha'awar kittens da yara; kusan kowane sati uku, yayin da karnukan ke girma, mahaifa yakan nemi ƙaramin kogo kuma ya jawo yaran a wurin. Tana yin hakan ne domin zuriyarsu su aminta kuma, kamar yadda aka sa ran, domin guje wa kamuwa da cuta da cututtukan fata daban-daban.

Kittens sun riga sun ci ɗanyen nama a wata na biyu na rayuwarsu, amma mahaifiyarsu tana ciyar da su madara har tsawon watanni biyar. A cikin watanni shida, yara masu tsinkayyen kansu sun fara farauta, amma har sai sun yanke shawara gabaɗaya akan yankin farauta (a kusan watanni 20), sun ci gaba da zama tare da mahaifiyarsu.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Tsarin kwanyar da yatsa ya baiwa lynx damar kama kananan dabbobi. Sizearamin girman da aka haɗasu tare da sake kamanni yana sa su kyakkyawan farauta ga ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Iberian lynx ita ce mafarauci, tushen abincinta shine zomaye. Don dabba mai girma, ku ci aƙalla gawa ɗaya a kowace rana. Har ila yau, ƙanƙara da dabbobi da macizai daban-daban, macizai, da tsuntsaye suka zama ganima. Iynian lynx na kama kifi a tafkunan kuma suna iya kwacewa kuma ku ci ɗan mashin. Yana faruwa cewa ganima ɗan akuya ne, ko barewar.

Tare da kyakkyawan gani da wari, galibi yawanci lynx yana daskarewa a reshe na itace ko a cikin tsari na kankara kuma yana jiran kusanci da wanda aka cutar, wanda daga nan sai ya kawo hari. Maharbar da aka hango bata cin ganima nan da nan - yakan kwace ta tun kafin daga baya ya ci abinci. Idan har ba ta iya magance duka ganima ba, to, tana ɓoye kuma ana ci don gobe.

Rayuwa, halayya

Iberian lynx shine mai ƙaddara rayuwa mai rayuwa kawai. Suna nuna aiki a yamma, kuma suna dogara ne kai tsaye a kan ayyukan ganima - zomo na Pyrenees. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da zomo ke rayuwa ta yau da kullun, lynx shima ya canza zuwa yanayin.

Kowace dabba tana da nata tsarin, maza suna da nisan murabba'in kilomita 18, mace tana da ƙasa - har zuwa 10. Yankin ƙasarsu ya kankama, kowace jima'i tana kiyaye kadarorinta daga baƙi da barazanar haɗari. Lynxes alama ce ta iyakokin shafukan yanar gizo tare da taimakon ƙanshin - suna alama tare da fitsari ko hurawa, suna barin karce a jikin bishiyoyi.

Idan akwai ƙarancin abinci a cikin kayan, to, lynxes suna da wulaƙanci kuma suna kashe sauran dabbobi, suna ganinsu a matsayin gasa. Wadanda abin ya shafa su ne dawakai, mayuka, karnukan talakawa, da biri.

Barazanar

Tunda lynxes na Pyrenean da ke cikin sarkar abinci sun mamaye ɗayan manyan lamuran, basu da abokan gaba. Wanda kawai za'a iya daukar shi makiyi shine mutum. Sabili da kyakkyawar fur, an kashe babban ɓangare na lynx na Spain, kuma yanzu ya rage kashi biyu bisa ɗari na adadin da yake a ƙarni na 19.

Matsayin tsaro

Iberian lynx wani nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa ne cikin sauri. Idan a karshen karni na 19 - farkon karni na 20 akwai kwafin sama da dubu dari, sannan a tsakiyar karni na 20 kadan ya rage dubu 3, kuma a farkon karni na 21 - dabbobi dari hudu ne kawai. Wannan dabba an jera su ba wai kawai a cikin Littafin Sabon Ruwa ba, har ma a cikin kowane irin jerin kuma jerin tarurruka da aka keɓe don dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari.

An kirkiro wani shiri na musamman don samar da lynx a cikin bauta, wanda zai sa ya yiwu a maido da yawan jama'ar.

Bayyanar

Lynx na Iberian ya tsinkayi da gajeren Jawo daga rawaya zuwa tan, gajeriyar jiki, dogayen kafafu, da gajeren wutsiya. Tana da ƙananan kai tare da kunnuwa masu gudu da gashin baki. Tsawonsa a ƙ witƙasassun shine 45-70 cm, tsawon tsawon lynx shine 75-100 cm (29.4-3.3 inci), gami da wutsiya gajere (12-30 cm), nauyi 13-15 kg. (Fam 15 zuwa 35).

Maza suna da girma da nauyi fiye da na mace wanda tsawon sa-da-kai yakai kimanin 68.2 zuwa 77.5 cm (inci 26.9 zuwa 30.5) kuma zasu iya yin awo daga 9.2 zuwa 10 kilogiram (kilo 20 zuwa 22).

Tsarin Jawo ya bambanta daga daidaituwa da yawa an rarraba ƙananan aibobi zuwa ƙarin wuraren elongated dake kusa da layin da ke rage girman girman daga baya zuwa bangarorin.

Tsaro

Iberian lynx yana ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Dangane da kidayar 2005, yawanta mutane 100 ne kawai. Don kwatantawa: a farkon karni na XX akwai kusan dubu 100, zuwa 1960 - tuni an sami dubu 3, zuwa 2000 - kawai 400. An saka shi a cikin Shafin I CITES (Yarjejeniyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Duniya a cikin Abubuwan da ke cikin Lalacewar Wild Fauna da Flora), da kuma a jerin sunayen Consungiyar Kare Hakkin Duniya (IUCN), cikin rukuni na (dabbobi masu hadari).

Bincike

A watan Agusta 2012, masu bincike sun ba da sanarwar cewa kyakkyawan halittar Iberian lynx ya lalace kuma ya bincika. A watan Disamba na 2012, ya zama sananne cewa masu bincike sun gano ragowar 467 Iberian lynxes a cikin masu zaman kansu da tarin kayan tarihi. Koyaya, sun kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 40% na samfuran sun ɓace a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.

Bambancin kwayoyin halitta na lynx na Iberian yana da ƙasa da na wasu sanannun wakilan dangin feline (gami da cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), zakunan zaki na Ngorongoro da Eynsian lynxes a Scandinavia). Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa wannan na iya zama sakamakon raguwar mutane da kuma kebancewar jinsunan.

Wani bincike na 2013 ya nuna bambancin tsarancin halitta tsakanin ƙabilun lynx a Doñana da Andujar, duka sau biyu da kuma abubuwan da aka haɗu. Tsoffin sun banbanta da na asalin saboda ƙarancin ɗakinsu da ƙananan adadi.

Rayuwa & Abinci

Baya ga lokacin kiwo, lynx na Iberian yana jagorantar rayuwa mai karko, yana kare shafin sa daga waje. Girman wannan sashi yana daga 10 (a cikin mata) zuwa 18 (a cikin maza) km2. Iyakokin makircin na iya bambanta akan lokaci kuma ya danganta da yawan zomaye. Partwannin maza sun haɗa da ɓangaren mace da yawa, ya ba su damar shiga ƙasarsu. Yana nuna iyakokin ƙasarta tare da alamomin wari, fitsari, fitowar ciki da tarko a jikin bishiyar itaciya.

Iberian Lynx kwararre ne na farauta, kuma yana da fasaloli da yawa wadanda zasu baka damar deftly kama da kashe kananan ganima. Tana da gajeriyar kwanyar da ke haɓaka ƙarfin fatar ciji. Makarfin murfin Iberian ya zama ya fi kunkuntar, jaws sun fi tsayi da karami fiye da na dabbobi da ke ciyar da babban ganima. Mafi yawa ganima Pyrenean lynx a kan zomaye na Turai, wanda ke cin yawancin abincin (79-87%), hares (14-6%) da rodents (7-3%). Namiji yana buƙatar cin zomo guda ɗaya a rana, na nan mace masu shayarwa suna buƙatar kimanin zomaye uku a rana. Lynx kuma yana wajan dabbobi masu rarrafe da 'yan dabbobi, tsuntsaye, kifaye da kwari, wani lokacin kuma yakan yi awon gaba da deer ko barewa.

A lokacin dumi, lynx na Spanish yana aiki da dare, kuma a cikin hunturu da rana. A cikin mummunan yanayi, tana ɓoye cikin kogo ko kuma cike bishiyoyi. Lynx yana tafiya da kyau, yana da ingantaccen hangen nesa da ƙanshi - suna ba da izini ga lynx don gano ganima a nesa daga nesa zuwa 300. Wannan maƙiyin yana iya yin tafiyar mil bakwai a kowace rana (lokacin farauta). Lynx yawanci yakan farauta daga wani dako - yana ɓoye a kan reshe na itace, a bayan kututture ko dutse, yana jira wanda aka azabtar ya kusanci dabarunsa. Lynx yana ɗaukar abin da aka kama daga wurin kisan kai a wani ɗan nesa kuma daga nan ne kawai zai fara cin abincin. Ba a cin abinci ya bar washegari.

Matsayin Kariya

Iberian Lynx - Daya daga cikin jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya. A farkon karni na XX, akwai kusan dubu 100, a shekarar 1960 - tuni an sami dubu 3, a shekarar 2000 - dabbobi 400 kawai. A halin yanzu, ana kiyasta adadin adadin Iberian lynx a cikin mutane 250. An jera sunayen Iberian lynx a cikin Shafi na I CITES (Yarjejeniyar Harkokin Kasuwanci na Internationalasari a cikin Hadarin Kayayyakin daji Fauna da Flora), da kuma jerin sunayen Consungiyar Kare Worldaya ta Duniya (IUCN), a cikin rukunin I (dabbobi masu haɗari).

Akwai shirin kiwo na 'yan kuli na wadannan kuliyoyi. Spain tana shirin tsara wata cibiyar ta musamman wacce za a karɓi wakilan nau'ikan halittar, suna son yin wannan cibiyar a Portugal. An fara shari'ar farko game da haihuwar Pyrenean yayin zaman bauta a 29 Maris, 2005, kuma a 2006 aka haifi kittens 4 cikin bauta. Kwanan nan, yana yiwuwa a kafa irin zuriya na Iberian lynx a cikin bauta a Spain kuma an sake shi cikin daji, an fitar dashi zuwa Portugal. Masanan ilimin dabbobi sun gano cewa bayan raguwar ci gaba a cikin yawan lynx daga 2002 zuwa 2012, yanzu yawancinta ya fara murmurewa a hankali. Wannan ya ba masana kimiyya dalilin canja wurin jinsin daga mummunan hadarin zuwa kawai jinsin da ke cikin hadarin halaka.

Kuma duk da haka, a cewar masana kimiyya, Pyrenees lynx na iya mutuwa bayan shekaru 50. An buga sakamakon binciken masu binciken a cikin jaridar Yanayin Canjin yanayi. Dalilin mutuwa mai zuwa shine raguwa a cikin yawan zomo na daji, wanda yakai kashi 80-99% na abincin da yake ci. Zomo na daji, bi da bi, yana mutuwa saboda yawan shan, myxomatosis, wanda aka kawo daga Iberiya zuwa Faransa a 1952, da zazzabi, har ila yau saboda raguwar mazaunin halitta wanda canjin yanayi ke haifar dashi. Masana kimiyya sunyi gargadin cewa duk yunƙurin dakatar da ƙarewar Pyrenean zai lalace idan ba'a la'akari da tushen canjin yanayi da tasirin sa akan yawan wannan dabba ba. Pyrenees lynx ya juya ya zama filastik dan kadan a zaɓin kayan abinci kuma ya ci gaba da ciyar da zomaye, koda a cikin yanayin raguwar lambobinsu. Ba za ta iya farautar manyan dabbobi ba saboda karamin girmanta.

Abin sha'awa shine, don adana lynx na Pyrenean (yana cikin haɗari na halaka), masu binciken dabbobi na Jamusawa sunyi amfani da maganin kwari Triatominae. An yi amfani da wadannan kwari a matsayin sirinji don shan jini daga mata wadanda ake zargin suna da juna biyu, in ji jaridar News Science. Kamar yadda kuka sani, saboda damuwa da ƙwarewa, yara masu lynxes sau da yawa suna rasa brood na farko, sabili da haka masana kimiyya suna lura da dabbobi, suna ƙoƙarin bi duk mata masu juna biyu. Don tabbatar da juna biyu, kuna buƙatar samun gwajin jini, amma don aiwatar da wannan hanyar ta amfani da sirinji na yau da kullun, dabbobi dole ne a sanya su cikin maye, wanda zai haifar da damuwa, wanda zai kara haɗarin ɓarna.

Ba'a zabi kwatar-kwatancen jini na Triatominae mai zubar da jini ba kwatsam. Proboscis na wadannan kwari ya ninka har sau 30 da bakin ciki fiye da allura na sirinji na yau da kullun. Har ila yau, suna gabatar da abubuwa na musamman a jikin waɗanda aka cuta, godiya ga wanda dabbobi ba sa jin cizo. A cikin girman, waɗannan kwari sun fi sauro kuma suna iya tsotse jini, amma a lokaci guda ya fi sauƙin kama su. Don ɗaukar jini don bincike, masana binciken dabbobi sun sanya kwari a cikin keɓaɓɓen hutu na musamman tare da lafuzza a cikin faranti na abin buɗewa wanda ke rufe bene na ɗakin da lynxes ke zaune. Lokacin da dabbobin suka kwanta a kasa, kwari suka cije su ta hanyar kwarin kwarin, sannan masanan kimiyya suka dauke wadannan kwayoyi, suka tattara kwari suka fitar da jinin dabba daga ciki. An lura cewa masana kimiyya sunyi amfani da kwari da sirinji na dogon lokaci har sai da aka samar da sabon gwaji wanda zai ba ku damar sanin ciki ta hanyar nazarin haɓakar lynx.