Mutane kalilan ne suka sani game da waɗannan dabbobin da keɓaɓɓun dabbobi, kuma da wuya ka gansu a gidajen dabbobi. Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) An rarraba shi a tsaunukan arewa maso gabashin Indiya, Tibet, Nepal da China, inda yake zaune a tsaunuka a tsawan 2000-4500 m cikin gandun daji tare da zurfin rhododendron da bamboo. Inswayoyi suna da alaƙa da shafukan yanar gizo na dindindin kuma suna barin su ba da jinkiri ba, koda lokacin yankan katako. Ana ajiye su a cikin kananan kungiyoyi na 10 zuwa 35 na dabbobi, amma a cikin hunturu, suna gangara gangaren dutsen, wani lokacin sukan taru a garkunan dabbobi kusan 100. A duban farko, takins suna da wuyar gani, amma a zahiri suna da sauri da tsufa, idan akwai haɗari za su iya tafiya da sauri, amma tare da barazanar kai tsaye suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa, kwance a ƙasa kuma sun shimfiɗa wuyoyinsu. Abin takaici, a lokaci guda sun zama ba a sani ba cewa, sukan ce, har ana iya takura su. Duniyar kimiyya ta samu labarin tarin yawa ba da dadewa ba - an gano nau'in ne a shekarar 1850. Shekaru da yawa sun shude tun daga wannan lokacin, amma a yau bayanan game da rayuwar takins suna da iyakantaccen aiki. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna jagorancin rayuwa ta sirri, suna da matukar kulawa kuma suna jin kunya.

A cikin 1985, ƙungiyar shahararren masanin binciken dabbobi George Schaller yayi nasarar gano wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa na rayuwar takins. Ya juya cewa suna da "kindergartens" na musamman "inda 'yan maruƙa da dama basa kiyaye uwayensu, amma ta musamman" nanny ".

Abinci mai gina jiki

Ku ci takins mafi yawan matasa harbe bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi, amma tsirrai masu tsiro suma suke ci. Schaller ya kirga ire-iren tsirrai 138 da suke ci. Likitocin dabbobi sun lura da yadda, don isa ga ganye, takins suka murƙushe rassan bishiyoyi youngan itace a ƙarƙashin kansu. Wasu lokuta sukan fashe, amma kuma galibi sukan sunkuya, sannan kuma, da kafafuwansu suyi bankwana da rike itacen da nauyin jikinsu, kwatsam sai ya ci abincin. Bayan an gama wannan liyafa, sai fararen hular suka yi kama da iska mai ƙarfi ta wuce ta wuce su. Amma wani lokacin taksi kawai tsaya a kan kafafunsu na baya kuma ya isa ga manyan rassa, suna cinye shi da ɓaci.

Matsayin Kariya

A kwanakin baya, a taksin Jama'ar karkara suna farauta sosai, an kuma kama su domin wuraren kiwon dabbobi. An yi sa'a, a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta yanke shawarar sanya takunkumi (kamar babban panda) a cikin dukiyar kasar. An kirkiro ajiyar abubuwa guda biyu na musamman, sannan kuma an hana farauta da tarko don wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Yawan dabbobi ya zama a hankali yana ƙaruwa. Koyaya, takins suna wahala ba kawai zaluntar mutane kai tsaye ba - har ma da mafi girman hadarin shine kauda wuraren rayuwarsu sakamakon gushewar daji. Takin an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Unionungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Halittu a matsayin ɗan da ba a taɓa samu ba.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Takin wata dabba ce da ba a taɓa samu ba daga dangin bovine. Waɗannan rayayyun halittu ne na artiodactyl da aka keɓe su bisa tushen tsarin ƙaho: a cikin tsarinsu, ƙaho irin waɗannan dabbobi sun zama m, amma a lokaci guda suna da ƙarfi saboda haƙarƙari. Hakanan, nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa sun haɗa da gazelles: gazelles, antelopes, bison, bijimai, raguna da raguna.

Tsakanin taksi, an raba abubuwa guda huɗu, waɗanda suka dogara da mazauninsu:

• Yarjejeniyar Burma
• takin gwal
• Sichuan takin,
• Bhutanese takin.

Bidiyo: Takin

Squid - babban iyali mai adalci, wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi. Farawa daga karamin dikdik tururuwa, wanda kawai ya kai nauyin kilo 5., Yana ƙare da bison, wanda nauyinsa zai iya wuce kilo kilo dubu. Hakanan Takin ya fito daga dangin bovine saboda yanayin da ya saba da sabon yanki.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, bovids suna zaune a wurare masu bude fili, kamar savannas da steppes. Waɗannan dabbobin sun fi dacewa da tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun, sun fi son kiyaye garken dabbobi kuma wasu lokuta suna iya yaƙar magabatan ta yin amfani da ƙaho mai ƙarfi da kafafu masu ƙarfi a matsayin makamai.

Takin, a matsayin jinsin halitta, an gano shi da wuri - kusan karni da rabi da suka wuce. Da farko, masana kimiyyar halitta sun gano kasusuwan wadannan dabbobin da ba za a iya tantance su ba, sannan kawai sai suka gano wannan dabbar.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Photo: Yaya takin yake?

Takin yayi kama da ɗan saniya. Tsawonsa a ƙ witƙasassun ya kai cm ɗari, tsawon maza yana da girman milimita 150, ban da wutsiya. Gwargwadon nauyin takins shine kusan kilogiram 300 - wannan ƙaƙƙarfan kundin tsarin mulki ne ga ƙaramar dabba.

Takins suna da busassun ƙoshinsu, daɗaɗawar baya da kuma a bayyane canji bayyananne. Wutsiyar dabbar tana da gajeru sosai, tana maimaita wutsiyar tumakin. Mayafin yana da tsayi, mai laushi, tare da farin ruwa a ciki. Launi takin yana da santsi, mai haske ja, maraƙi. A bangarorin kusa da croup, watakila ya fi sauƙi ko duhu. Akwai kuma alamun duhu mai duhu a jikin muck, kafafu da ciki na takins.

Takins yana da babban kai mai kama da shugabannin muzukan. Babban hanci tare da gurneti mai girma, babban hanci, babban baki da manyan idanu baki. Kunnuwa suna da ƙanana, amma na hannu, kuma an cika shi da dusar ƙanƙara.

Mata da maza sun bambanta a jiki kawai. Duka biyun suna da ƙaho mai kama da ƙahonin Buffalo - tsari mai kusanci a gindin, sannan kuma kiwo zuwa garesu. A tsakiyar ƙaho suna da falo da faffadar, suna rufe goshin, sa’an nan kuma juya sama da baya.

Yankin yana da kauri mai kauri, wanda kuma ana lura dashi ga mace da namiji. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan gashin gashi ne na bakin ciki waɗanda ke rataye daga wuya da ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Hanyoyin takins suna da fadi, tare da girma kasusuwa. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, madaidaiciya, tsayayye.

Ina takin ke zaune?

Hoto: Takin a Indiya

Takins suna da alaƙa da yankin da suke zaune. Waɗannan dabbobin ba sa haɗuwa da ƙaura, wanda ke rikitar da ƙarancin su a zaman bauta.

Gabaɗaya, takins suna rayuwa a cikin waɗannan wurare:

Yawancin takaddun suna zaune a lardin Sichuan na China. A nan suke zaune a yankin da ba shi da kariya, wanda ya haɗa da tsaunukan dutsen da kuma dazuzzukan m. Takins sun fi so su zauna a cikin tsaunuka, inda gandun daji ya shiga cikin kankara. Hakanan za'a iya ganin dabbobinsu a cikin filayen subalpine da alif, inda akwai ƙananan sassan duwatsu.

Loveaunaci ƙaunar rhododendron thickets, wuya bamboo harbe. A sauƙaƙe suna ɗaukar manyan tsaunuka - galibi ana samun su zuwa tsawan sama da nisan mil 5,000 sama da matakin teku. A lokacin sanyi, ragi sun sauka daga daskarewa daga tsaunuka zuwa dazuzzukan ƙasa, inda suke zama kafin lokacin zafi.

Saboda tsarin jikinsu, an daidaita su sosai don zama a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasa. Wuraren yadudduka da kafafu masu ƙarfi ya basu damar hawa dutse mara kan gado da kuma dutse. Kasancewa da jinkirin, amma ba babba ba, suna jin daɗi a tsakanin dazuzzuka da marshlands.

Hakanan ana samun cigaba sosai a wuraren shan dabbobi. Ba su neman halayen tsarewa, misali, buffalos da wasu tururuwa masu ƙauna ta zafi. Tsammani yana da kyau a cikin yanayin zafi da kuma lokacin sanyi.

Yanzu kun san inda takin yake. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.

Me takin ke ci?

Hoto: Golden Takin

Inswayoyin suna cikin kayan sawa, waɗanda a cikin lokacin dumama sun fi son ci ciyawar ciyawa, rassan bishiyar matasa da ganyayyaki. Danshi mai fure ya bambanta sosai, sabili da haka, daga bazara zuwa kaka, takins suna da abinci mai wadataccen abinci, wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan tsire-tsire fiye da 130.

A cikin hunturu, takins suna cin twigs, allura, busassun ganye, bamboo da rhododendron. Hakanan, tare da shimfidar wurare masu fadi, sun tono babban lokacin farin ciki na dusar ƙanƙara har ma da dusar kankara mai wuya don zuwa tushen da bushe ciyawa. Sanadin motsa hanjin jinkirin a lokacin hunturu, wanda zai basu damar fuskantar yunwar.

Insauka na iya jawo ƙaramin haushi daga bishiyoyi saboda tsarin muƙamuƙi. Ofarshen takaddar takins ɗin guban ne mai taushi, yayi kama da waɗanda aka samo a cikin muzukan da wasu nau'in dawakai. Godiya gareshi, suna cin ciyawar bishiyar itace.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: insauka na iya tsayawa a kan kafafunsu na baya don kai wa ga jiyya - ganyayen kore da 'ya'yan itatuwa da ke girma a ƙasa.

A cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, abincin abinci na takins ya bambanta. Baya ga ciyawa da ciyawa, ana kula da su ga ’ya’yan itace, berries da kayan marmari, bran da bitamin kuma an ƙara su a cikin abincin, yana ƙyale waɗannan dabbobin su ci gaba da ƙoshin lafiya kuma su yi tsawon rai.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Takin a yanayi

Takoma dabbobi ne masu matukar firgita, kuma saboda wannan dalili ba a karance halayen su ba. Suna nuna ayyuka mafi yawa da rana da maraice - sannan waɗannan dabbobin suna fita fili don buɗe ciyawar don ciyar.

An tattara ƙananan dabbobin zuwa kananan garken shanu tare da mafi yawan maƙasudin goma. Akwai jagora namiji a cikin garken kuma kyakkyawan matsayi tsakanin mace yake, amma, jagora baya kore sauran samari. Masana ilimin halitta sun lura cewa tsoffin maza da basu haihuwa ba suna barin garken.

A cikin hunturu, an haɗa ƙananan garkunan garkuwa zuwa manyan rukuni. Don haka an adana dabbobin daga cikin sanyi, tare suna kare growingan sandunan da ke girma. Rikice-rikice ba kasafai ake samu tsakanin gungun mutane ba - wadannan dabbobin suna da aminci ga juna.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da cewa tarin yashaƙu yana da jinkiri, suna iya hawa kanana ƙananan duwatsu don jin daɗin gansakuka ko ƙuruciya.

Takirin ba shi da masaniyar son sani - dabbobi masu tsoro suna guje wa duk abin da ba a sani ba. Koyaya, a cikin gidan dabbobi, suna iya samun damar sabawa da mutum, suna ɗaukar shi wani ɓangare na garken. Yawancin mace, ɗaukar cuba growingan yara, wasu lokuta ana bambance su da halayyar rayuwa mai tsammani. Sun sami damar kai hari ga abokan gaba, suna kare kansu da ƙaho da gora. A lokaci guda, maza sun fi ƙarfin mace, kuma suna yin aikin haihuwar ne, ba tare da kare garken ba.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Takin Hatchling

A lokacin tarawar, mazan da ke ɗan rage kadan daga garken suna shiga cikin mata kuma suna nuna sha'awarsu sosai. Yawanci, lokacin kiwo ya faɗi a watan Yuli ko Agusta - ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki na iska. Takins tara cikin manyan garkunan, shirya gwagwarmaya don 'yancin abokin aure.

Maza na takins ba rikici bane, saboda haka, yaƙe-yaƙe suna da ɗan wuya. Mafi sau da yawa ba sau ɗaya ba, suna yin magana da juna, ba sau da yawa, suna karo da ƙaho, amma ba sa yin dogon iska. Masu ɓarna da yawa (galibi matasa da ƙwararrun maza) sun ƙaurace wa garken mace kuma suna zama a waje.

Bayan ma'aurata, da maza za su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kaɗaici. Cutar da mata keyi na kimanin watanni takwas. Mace ta haife ɗan maraƙi ɗaya, ba sau da yawa - biyu, amma na biyu, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya tsira a cikin daji. Cubs an haife su kuma masu zaman kansu. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i daga baya suna zuwa ƙafafunsu, kuma a ranar rikici a rana riga wasa da juna.

Har sati biyu da haihuwa, 'ya' yan suna shayar da madara uwa, sannan a hankali suka sauya zuwa shuka abinci. Koyaya, mahaifiyar tana ciyar da ɗan ɗanta tsawon watanni. Cuban tsirin takin suna yin "komin dabbobi", wanda tsohuwar mace ke kallo. Sannan uwayen waɗannan yaran suna zuwa ga yaransu ne kawai don ciyarwa.

Abokan gaba na makiya

Hoto: Sichuan takin

A wata 'yar karamar hatsari, takins suna neman su ɓoye a cikin lokacin da ake amfani da bamboo ko kuma zuwa tsaunin tsaunuka. Hakanan, ana nuna su ta halayyar da ba'a lura dasu ta wasu hanyoyin ba - takins sukan ɓoye. Wadannan dabbobin suna kwance cikin ciyawa mai tsayi ko a tsakanin ciyayi mai laushi da daskarewa, suna jiran abokan gaba ko haɗarin da zasu iya ɓacewa. Har sukan datse wuya su rufe idanunsu domin damar ganowa tayi kadan.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: 'Yan asalin gari suna da wargi wanda zaku iya takawa - don haka waɗannan manyan dabbobi na iya zama mara ganuwa.

Takins suna zaune a wuraren da ba su isa ga mafarauta. Babban maƙiyi da ya gurgunta yawan takin shine mutum. Sakamakon tsangwama ta hanyar anthropogenic tare da dabi'a da kuma farautar dabbobi, waɗannan dabbobin suna kan gab da ƙarewa. Amma akwai da dama daga cikin masu hasara.

Tigers dabbobi ne masu hazaka da lalata abubuwa waɗanda ke farauta dab da dabbobin. Suna iya dandana ɓoyayyen takin a cikin tsaunuka da kuma a cikin kurmi. Koyaya, tigers ba sa iya cutar da tarin mutane, tunda sun fi son farauta don samun ƙarin abin da aka same su.

Hakanan mafi ƙarancin haɗari ga takins shine bears. Suna iya kai hari ga tsofaffi ko matasa a wuraren da ba a buɗe, inda safarar takaddun ke da ɗan damar tserewa. Amma bears shima ba kasafai ake samun sa a cikin mazaunan wadannan dabbobi ba.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Photo: Yaya takin yake?

An yi barazanar tonones daga halaka. Daga lokacin da suka gano, sun jawo babbar sha'awa ba wai kawai tsakanin masana halitta ba, har ma a tsakanin masu son farautar daji. Taken a cikin mazauninsu na halitta bashi da adadi mai yawa na mutane, amma a ƙarshen karni na ashirin lambobin su sun faɗi sosai.

Akwai dalilai da yawa da suka sa yawan takin ya ragu sosai:

• malamai masu farauta suna farauta takunansu, tunda akayi imanin cewa gabobinsu na ciki, nama da kaho suna da kayan warkarwa. Sun sayar da kyau a kasuwa, wanda ya taimaka don ci gaba da farautar waɗannan dabbobin,
• gushewar daji tana shafar yawan mutane. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da alaƙa da mazauninsu kuma sun ƙi barin sa. Sabili da haka, ragwaye sukan mutu tare da lalacewar daji, kuma sun rasa mahimmancin ɓarna saboda lalata ciyayi,
• lokacin da aka samo takin, a matsayin jinsin halitta, an kama su da yawa don ɗakin dabbobi. A can ba su da damar rayuwa mai kyau kuma ba su yi kiwo ba, wanda kuma ya shafi yawan waɗannan dabbobin,
• takins suna da saukin kamuwa da canje-canjen muhalli, saboda haka gurɓataccen iska ke shafar lafiyarsu da tsawon rayuwarsu. Masu bincike sun lura cewa a cikin yanayin gurbata yanayi, takins suna haifarwa da yardar rai ba.

Wadannan abubuwan sun ba da gudummawa ga raguwar yawan mutanen. A yanzu haka, ana mayar da adadin wadannan dabbobin saboda godiya ta matakan da suka dace.

Tsaron Takin

Hoto: Takin daga Littafin nan mai kyau

An sanya jerin gwanon a cikin Littafin Layi na kasa da kasa a ƙarƙashin wani nau'in halitta mai saurin magana. Hanyoyin kariya dangane da waɗannan dabbobin an yi amfani dasu ne kawai a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, amma suna da tasiri sosai.

Da fari dai, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta amince da karbar kayan mallakar kasar, wanda hakan ya ba su matsayin muhalli na farko. Haramun ne neman farauta a matakin jiha kuma ana yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku da tarar kuɗi.

Kama haramun ne na daukar dabbobi masu zoos. Ana kiyaye wasu mutane a cikin gidajen ajnabi a cikin yanayi na musamman waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen haihuwar waɗannan dabbobi. Groupsungiyoyin masu binciken dabi'un, suna sa ido kan abubuwan da suke rayuwa a cikin bauta, waɗanda ke nuna alamun lafiyar dabbobi.

Abu na biyu, yankuna da ake fama da cutar yawanci suna amintattu kamar kariya. Gashin daji da sauran tsangwama na anthropogenic an cire, kuma wannan ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga maido da yawan jinsuna.

Koyaya, lalata tsire-tsire na ci gaba, don haka takaddama daga wuraren da ba ta kariya ba ana ci gaba da fuskantar barazanar. Yayinda yawan su ya tabbata, kuma waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki har ma ana iya samun su a cikin manyan gidajen dabbobi na duniya.

Takin - dabba mai kyau da ban mamaki. Ana fatan cewa wuraren kiwon dabbobi da wuraren adana dabbobi za su iya dawo da yawan jama'ar waɗannan dabbobi da ba a san su ba.Kyakkyawan hali ga dabi'a da kuma hana lalacewar gandun daji a cikin mazaunan takin na iya magance matsalar guguwar wadannan dabbobi.