Rudd - ɗayan mafi kyawun kifayenmu, yana da launi mai haske sosai. A duban farko, almarar tana wakiltar babbar alama ce ta roki kuma mai galibi ana kuskure da ita ne. Amma ba tare da ambaton cewa rudd ya fi kyau fiye da sassaƙa ba. Naman kifayen ba shi da mayyawa, amma yana da tasirin gaske wanda ba kowa yake so ba. Koyaya, idan an dafa shi daidai, kwanon zai zama daɗi sosai.
Siffofi da mazaunin rudd
Rudd - Kifi mai ban mamaki da kyan gani. Wannan mazaunin tashoshin ruwa tsarkakakken dangi ne, na danginsu. Siffar halayyar ita ce kyakkyawar inuwa mai haske na ƙashin kanta (wanda ya samo sunan ta). Kamar yadda kake gani hoto, haɗu Abu ne mai sauki mu rikice tare da roach, kamar yadda waɗannan kifayen ɗin ba su da tabbas irin kamannin su.
Amma yana yiwuwa a bambance waɗannan halittun ruwa na ruwa da launi na idanunsu, waɗanda ke da inuwa mai ruwan lemo a cikin rudd, kuma bayyanar wannan kifin ya fi ban sha'awa. Akwai wasu bambance-bambance: sawtooth biyu-jere hakora da bakin-daidaitaccen bakin, kazalika da saitin sauran fasalulluka marasa ma'ana a cikin rudd. Kodayake akwai nau'ikan tsari tare da mafi yawan nau'ikan halaye na waje.
Jikin rudd na zinari ne mai tsananin haske, mai kaifi sosai kuma mai lebur daga bangarorin, tsawon sa ya kai rabin mitoci. Ana iya ganin tabo ja a saman jiki. Amfanin babban mutum zai iya a wasu yanayi ya kai kilo biyu ko fiye. Koyaya, samfuran matsakaici galibi galibi ne.
Wannan nau'in kifin sanannun masunta ne a Turai: ba Rasha kadai ba, har ma da Sweden, Ingila da Faransa, kuma ana yadu sosai a Tsakiyar Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tana zaune a cikin tabkuna da koguna daban-daban, suna gudana, ciki har da, a cikin tekun Rasha da yawa, ciki har da Aral, Caspian, Azov, Black da sauransu.
Da zaran ba masoya na gida sun kira shi don jin daɗin kifayen kifi: magpie, magpie, magpie. Bugu da kari, ana kiransu 'yan gani-ido ko kuma fikafikan mazaunin reshe. Ana samun irin wannan kifin a cikin ruwan Kanada, Tunisiya da tsibirin Madagascar.
Mafi sau da yawa, rudds suna zaune a cikin daji, koguna tare da kwarara mai nutsuwa, tafkunan ruwa, tafki da wuraren ajiyar ruwa sun cika furannin ruwa, reeds da sauran tsirrai na ruwa, inda akwai wuraren da babu wuraren ɓoyewa daga masu barazanar rayuwa.
Yanayin da rayuwar shubuhar
Ran ƙaramar rudd sun fi so a ajiye su cikin fakitoci, wanda galibi ana iya lura da shi kusa da tudu, a tsakanin snags, algae da tsire-tsire ƙarƙashin ruwa Irin waɗannan rukunin suna da sauƙin samu a cikin ɓoyayyun ɓaraka, inda suke iyo tare da wasu kifaye: fata, tench, tare da kifin kifin teku.
Gerara girma da ƙwararrun mutane, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna zuwa wuraren da suke cikin ruwa mai zurfi, kawai don neman abinci, da ragowar lokacin da suka fi so su tafi, zuwa wuraren ruwa, inda akwai ƙarin 'yanci don motsi. Da zarar sun zaɓi mazauninsu, rudd ba wuya ya canza shi, yana haifar da mafi yawan yanayin rayuwa, ba tare da sha'awar ɗabi'a da halayen balaguro ba.
Ta hanyar dabi'a, waɗannan sune kifi marasa ƙarfi da ɗan ɗan gajeren aiki, amma idan ya cancanta za su iya zama mai ƙarfi, raye-raye, kodayake suna bin taka tsantsan Kamar roko da irin kifi, haɗu fi son zuwa tono zurfi a cikin thickets na ruwa na ruwa, inda suke jin nutsuwa.
Nama mai naman sa ba mai kyau ba kwata-kwata, amma ɗanɗanorsa abu ne mai ma'ana, don haka ba kowa bane ke ɗaukar jita-jita daga wannan mazaunin ruwa mai ruwa da ke da hankali. Amma idan mai dafa abinci ya zo da kyau, musamman idan ya san asirin na musamman don dafa abincin kifi tare da irin takamaiman halayen ɗanɗano, yin komai bisa ga ka'idoji, to kunne, soyayyen da dafaffen abinci ya zama abin farin ciki kawai.
A cikin bazara, rudd yakan yi amfani da algae filastik da ciyawa a matsayin ciyarwa, wanda ke sa naman su daci cikin daci a wannan lokaci na shekara. Kuma wannan yanayin yana iya kwantar da yardar abincin da aka sanya daga kifi. Kama rudd mafi kyau ana yi tare da sanda mai kamun kifi.
Krasnoperki ƙaunar zafi, don haka hanya mafi aiki shine rayuwa a cikin watanni na bazara. Kuma daidai wannan lokacin ne masunta cewa, saboda wannan dalili, sai ya zama mafi nasara. A watan Satumba, rudd yana da kyau a kama cikin yanayin rana cikin matattara na ciyayi na bakin teku. A cikin wuraren buɗe ruwa a wannan lokaci na shekara, kifi kifi ba sa fita.
Da farkon yanayin sanyi, garken tumaki sun faɗi baya, kuma sukan fada cikin ramuka na hunturu. Fadu neman tsari a cikin manyan zurfafa, inda yake yin hibernates kafin isowar kwanaki masu dumin yanayi, jiran lokacin da hasken rana ya yi dumu dumu da ruwan.
Abincin Redfin
Krasnoperki sun fi son abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan harbe na tsire-tsire masu ruwa, amma ƙara tsutsotsi, larvae da kwari, gami da caviar sauran kifin ga abincinsu.
Hakanan halayen mafarautan halaye ne na waɗannan halittun, kuma ganima na iya kasancewa tadpoles, frogs da gaze toya. A lokacin rani, rudd sau da yawa yana jin daɗin ƙwayar katantanwa, wanda suke sawa a kan ganyen furannin ruwa, suna ɗaukar wannan abincin tare da halayyar waɗannan kifayen.
Yawanci, masanan da suka ƙware suna amfani da dungworms, daskararru na jini da kuma maggots don ƙulli lokacin da suke kama mutum. Kuma wannan kayan marmari na cin abinci shine kyakkyawan kifin don kifi. Kuma ga mafi kyawun burodin burodi da kuma semolina sun watsu akan ruwa, wanda yake ba da sakamakon sa.
Sake buguwa da rayuwar rayuwar rudd
A shekara ta biyar ta rayuwa rudd kifi ya girma sosai don yin ayyukan haihuwa. Haka kuma, wadannan halittu masu ruwa na iya haduwa ba wai kawai tare da nasu wakilan masarautar kifi ba, har ma da sauran nau'in kifayen da suke kama da sifofin halittar su, yayin da ake haihuwar 'ya'yan dabbobi.
A lokacin tsunduma, wanda yawanci yakan faru ne a ƙarshen Mayu, fanyen kifayen su zama masu haske, wanda ke nuna shirinsa na yin aikin haihuwa. Kifi ya haɗu da ƙwai, a cikin adadin har zuwa ɗari da yawa qwai, auna game da millimita, zuwa mai mai tushe na algae. Haka kuma, kashi na farko na lokacin yana rawaya mai haske, kuma na biyu da na uku a launi suna haske sosai.
Kodayake, adadin ƙwaiyen ƙwai da aka yi wa fata yawanci suna da yawa, kaɗan daga cikinsu suna haɓaka cikin mutane masu nasara, sauran kuma, saboda dalilai mabambanta, mutu ko zama marasa amfani. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan spawning, larvae ci gaba daga qwai, daga abin da soya an kafa ta Agusta. Lamarin yana rayuwa har zuwa shekara 19.
Menene ma'anar rudani?
A kan hoto na rudd a Intanet zaka iya ganin alamuranta, godiya ga wanda ya samo sunanta. Insaƙƙarfan launi mai launin fata, jiki mai laushi a tarnaƙi, ƙaramin kai, sikeli na azurfa - wannan shine abin da rudd yake.
Yana girma a hankali, a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kifin ya kai tsawon cm 4, a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa yana girma har yanzu da alama iri ɗaya. Wani lokaci manyan samfurori masu girma sukan tashi, suna yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 2, amma wannan yafi wuya.
Rayuwar tarzoma kusan shekaru 10-12 ne.
Abubuwan fasahar
A shekara ta biyar ta rayuwa, kifi ya kai ga balaga. Roƙon ya zo wurin cin nasara ne a ƙarshen Mayu. A wannan lokacin, launin ƙyallen ya zama ja mai haske tare da tintin orange.
Mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, tana sanya servings 3 na caviar. Qwai ƙananan kankanta ne, ba su wuce milimita a diamita ba, an rufe shi da taro mai m kuma ana iya haɗe su cikin ganyayyaki, mai tushe da tushen tsirrai na ruwa.
Mace ɗaya mai zuwa, mace ta sa ƙwai daga 5 zuwa dubu 230. Wannan overproduction ba mai haɗari bane: yawancin qwai za su mutu saboda ƙananan matakan ruwa saboda fari ko lalatawar ƙasa.
3 days bayan kwanciya qwai, 5 mm tsawon larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga gare su, a lõkacin da tsutsa kai girman 30 mm, da na matasa da hankali fara. Ana ajiye soya a cikin fakitoci a cikin manyan yadudduka na ruwa.
A ina yake
Soroga baya son saurin, yana fifita ruwa tare da rauni na yanzu, tabkuna, tafkunan ruwa, idan kogi ne, yana zaɓar koma baya da kuma baya, yana da nutsuwa, ya cika da juzu'i da juzu'i.
Soroga tana ƙaunar rana, tana son yin iyo da kuma kwandishan a cikin hasken rana wanda ke shiga saman ruwa. Da yamma - yana canza wurinta kuma yana zuwa kusa da tushe, inda ruwa bai sanyaya ƙasa ba tukuna.
Kula!
Abubuwan fasahar
A shekara ta biyar ta rayuwa, kifi ya kai ga balaga. Roƙon ya zo wurin cin nasara ne a ƙarshen Mayu. A wannan lokacin, launin ƙyallen ya zama ja mai haske tare da tintin orange.
Mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, tana sanya servings 3 na caviar. Qwai ƙananan kankanta ne, ba su wuce milimita a diamita ba, an rufe shi da taro mai m kuma ana iya haɗe su cikin ganyayyaki, mai tushe da tushen tsirrai na ruwa.
Mace ɗaya mai zuwa, mace ta sa ƙwai daga 5 zuwa dubu 230. Wannan overproduction ba mai haɗari bane: yawancin qwai za su mutu saboda ƙananan matakan ruwa saboda fari ko lalatawar ƙasa.
3 days bayan kwanciya qwai, 5 mm tsawon larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga gare su, a lõkacin da tsutsa kai girman 30 mm, da na matasa da hankali fara. Ana ajiye soya a cikin fakitoci a cikin manyan yadudduka na ruwa.
A ina yake
Soroga baya son saurin, yana fifita ruwa tare da rauni na yanzu, tabkuna, tafkunan ruwa, idan kogi ne, yana zaɓar koma baya da kuma baya, ya daɗa laka, ya mamaye juji da juji.
Soroga tana ƙaunar rana, tana son yin iyo da kuma kwandishan a cikin hasken rana wanda ke shiga saman ruwa. Da yamma - yana canza wurinta kuma yana zuwa kusa da tushe, inda ruwa bai sanyaya ƙasa ba tukuna.
Kula!
Babban aikin wannan kifin yana daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Sannan, tare da raguwa a zazzabi na yanayi, kifin ya hana shi aiki sannan ya sanya shi cikin wani yanayi na rashin kunya a gindin turɓayar ƙasa. A can, tana iya jure rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin ruwa kuma ta fita daga matsuguninta a lokacin bazara.
Flying, mai hankali, amma m kifi, wannan shi ne yadda mafi yawan masunta-masana masana sun bayyana rudd.
Siffofin kamun kifi
Kashi na gaba ya shafi inda kuma yadda ake kama jita jita. Soroga ya fi son kwantar da hankalin ruwa, bakin teku masu siliki. Saboda haka, suna kama jan baki a cikin tabkuna da tafkuna, haka kuma cikin ruwan rafi mai natsuwa, nesa da babban rafi.
A lokacin rani, ana kama kifaye kusa da bakin tekun a ƙasan zurfin mashin masunta. A lokacin bazara da kaka, lokacin da ake buƙatar fesa kifi daga ƙasa, an zaɓi mai wanka mai nauyi.
Daga koto, rudd ya fi son larvae na kwari, yana ɗaukar tsutsa da kyau, ƙwararrun maɗaukakiya babban magani ne a gare shi - kwari na ƙazaran Caddis.
Marine
A cikin Primorye, a tsibirin Kuril da Sakhalin, Hokkaido da arewacin gabar tsibirin Honshu akwai wasu nau'ikan rudd na musamman - mai kauri sosai da rudd-ogai, yana kama da kogi, amma yana da mafi girman jiki.
Rudd Marine shine kifin anadromous: yana zaune a cikin teku, amma yana tsunduma cikin ingantaccen ruwa. Ana kiran Redfin Ugai Sarauniyar kamun kifi.
A karshen karni na karshe, raga ta kama shi yayin aikin tsallake-tsallake, wanda adadin ya ragu sosai. Yanzu ba a yi amfani da wannan hanyar kamun kifi ba.
Miya miyar kifi mai wuya ba a shirya, masana sun ce naman da aka dafa shi yana bayar da laka. Amma soyayyen roach - dadi sosai! Musamman wanda aka kama sabo.
Bari kamun kifinku ya zama mai nasara kuma abincin abincinku ya zama mai dadi!
Asalin gani da kwatancin
An bambanta rudd ta babban jiki, wanda aka shimfiɗa a bangarorin, kazalika da ƙaramin kai. Hakoranta suna da kaifi (wannan abu ne mai sauƙin fahimta, kifin yana da tsinkaya), sawtooth kuma an shirya shi a cikin layuka 2. Sikeli na rudd suna da girma sosai, mutum yana iya faɗi - m. Gabaɗaya, sautin a bangarorin yana da flakes 37-44. Matsakaicin tsayin jiki na rudd zai iya kaiwa 50 cm, yayin da kifayen bai wuce kilogiram 2-2.1 ba.
Kodayake a cikin mafi yawan lokuta, girman da nauyin matsakaicin rudd sun fi ƙanƙanta. An yi bayanin wannan fasalin ta hanyar cewa rudd yana daya daga cikin kifin da ya yi saurin girma (a farkon shekarar rayuwa, tsayin jikinsa yana ƙaruwa zuwa mm 4.5), don kawai manya da ma tsofaffi za su iya isa ga girman girman da aka nuna (da sauƙi) , ta ka'idojin kifi) mutane.
Ruhun yana haske mai haske, bayansa duhu launin shuɗi mai launi, tare da launuka mai haske, ɗan koren haske mai launin shuɗi. A wasu biyan kuɗi, launin ruwan kasa-kore ne. Sikeli a ciki mai haske ne, azurfa ne, gefunan kuma zinare ne. A zahiri, hancin rudd, wanda ya ba da sunan ta, ja mai haske ne. Game da bayyanar wannan kifin - akwai aya mai ban sha'awa. Ya ta'allaka ne akan cewa launin samari basu da haske kamar na samari da balagaggu. Mafi muni, wannan fasalin an yi bayanin shi dalla-dalla game da "maturation" na waɗannan kifayen.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Me ya yi kama?
Sau da yawa, har ma masanan da suka ƙware sun rikitar da kifayen tare da kamannin kifayen da suka zama ruwan dare - roach. Wannan abu ne mai muni, saboda kamanninsu a sarari a bayyane yake. Amma duk da wannan, akwai alamu da yawa waɗanda za a iya bambance waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu (tun ma kafin a dafa ganima a ci).
Don haka, ta yaya roach ya bambanta da rudd:
- jikin rudd yana da fadi da kuma tsayi fiye da jikin roach. Kari akan haka, rudd din ta ke lullube da gamsai,
- launin roach ba mai haske bane kyakkyawa da kyan gani - kyawunta yayi kama da “m”,
- idanu masu launin shuɗi suna da launi mai launi, yayin da suke cikin matsala suna da jini ja,
- akwai bambance-bambance a cikin tsari da adadin hakora. Roach (kifin herbivorous) ba zai iya yin alfahari da haƙoran haƙora ba, kuma suna cikin layi ɗaya tare da ita. A game da batun rudd, za ku iya lura nan da nan layuka 2 na haƙora da ƙarfi, masu dacewa don cin ƙananan dabbobi da kifi,
- sikarin roach shine kadan ya fi girma
- akwai bambanci a cikin yanayin nau'in, kodayake masunta na iya kimanta shi kai tsaye. Abinda ke nan shine roach ya tara manyan garkuna, yayin da rudd ke son zama “cikin iyalai da yawa”.
A ina ne ƙwarƙwara ke zaune?
Hoto: Redfin a cikin ruwa
Krasnoperk a matsayin wurin zama tana zaɓar wuraren wuraren yin tafki da yalwar da ciyawa, ba tare da saurin sauri ko cikakken rashi ba. Sabili da haka, ruwan tafkuna, tafkuna, da kuma wuraren saukar da ruwa na bakin ruwa - waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ne masu kyau don yin ruɗi. Komai yadda ya saba da sauti, rogo ba ya fifita da ruwa mai kyau. Kuma kasancewar kasancewa mai karfi a yanzu a gare ta gaba daya lamari ne da ke tantance rashin cancantar reshe na rayuwa. Dangane da haka, da alama ba'a iya kama rudd a cikin kogunan tuddai masu tsauri - baya son irin waɗannan tafkuna.
Rudd kusan ba ya zuwa ƙarƙashin rairayin bakin ruwa - wurin da aka fi so na tukunyar tench a kowane yanayi. Haka kuma, kifin ba ya taɓa ɓoyewa (har cikin zafi) a ƙarƙashin bushes da Tushen da ke fitowa daga bakin tekun. A cikin wannan, ta hanyar, ƙarin bambanci guda ɗaya daga roach an gano - ita, koda kuwa an tilasta shi raba ɗayan kandami tare da rudu, yana manne da wuraren buɗewa sosai. Ee, da iyo, aƙalla kusa da tushe. Yawancin lokaci ana iya ganin Krasnoperka a kusa da ɗakunan wanka, gadoji da raft - amma idan babu ciyawar ciyawar kusa.
Dangane da hanya - a, rudd ba ta son shi, amma ba shi da komai a kan mai rauni, da yardar rai ya zauna kusa da injin niƙa. Wannan wurin yana jan hankali da yawan abinci. Dangane da saurin sauri, ba shi da ƙima ga roach, kuma waɗannan masunta waɗanda suka ga nawa ya fashe ko, mafi daidai, wasu tazara yayin wasa a kan ruwa, gaba ɗaya suna da'awar cewa wannan babban kifi ya fi shi ƙarfi.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo rudani. Bari mu ga abin da ta ci.
Me shukar ke ci?
HOTO: kifayen kifi
Dangane da tsarin abinci, rudd ba shi da cikakkiyar fassara, duk da cewa shi maƙarƙashiya ce.
A zahiri, wannan kifin yana da iko duka, kuma yana cin kusan duk abin da dole ku:
- daban-daban larvae na na cikin ruwa kwari da kwari kansu,
- tsutsotsi
- dansandan ruwa caviar,
- tsire-tsire iri, wato: algae, plankton da ƙananan harbe na tsire-tsire masu ruwa.
Akwai fasali mai mahimmanci game da abinci - rudd matasa suna cinye zooplankton na musamman. Kuma kawai a farkon lokacin balaga sai su canza zuwa “zuwa ga komai”, suna cin abinci iri-iri. Abincin ran balagaggu, ban da dukkan abubuwan da ke sama, wakilai ne na ƙwararrun tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu ruwa da kuma filayen filastik. Ba ta raina kwayar sauran kifayen, kuma yara kanana ma suna ci da yardar rai.
A lokacin bazara, rudd yana shirye sosai don cinye caviar snail, wanda suke jefa a bayan ganyen furannin ruwa (ma'ana wanda ke fuskantar ruwan). Don haka lokacin da kuka tafi kamun kifi a maraice na Yuni mai ban mamaki, zaku iya jin sautin ringing mai yawa a cikin furannin ruwa na lili - wannan shine rudd cewa ya tsaftace katuwar huhun mucous membrane wanda ya makale da ganyen furannin ruwa, saboda haka ya rage yawan katantancin. Wani sautin makamancin sa yana cikin iska kuma ya kama rudd.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Al'adu na yau da kullun
A tsakiyar ƙarshen Satumba, matasa suna zuwa cikin masussuka a cikin reeds kuma, wataƙila, hunturu a can. Manya, mutane da suka manyanta, a wannan lokacin, sun gwammace su tsaya ga wurare masu zurfi. Tryarfafawa yayi ƙasa da kaɗan ya bayyana a ruwa. A sakamakon haka, a cikin watan Oktoba sukan fada zuwa hunturu. A takaice, farawa daga tsakiyar Oktoba, mutum bazai iya fatan samun kamala ba. Aƙalla kaɗan, yin amfani da sanda na yau da kullun don yin wannan tabbas ba zai yi maka aiki ba.
A cikin tafkuna da tabkuna, da kuma a cikin koguna, m, a lokacin hunturu, a lokacin da isashshen iskar oxygen bai isa ba, rudd din ya hau kusa da saman. A wannan lokacin, ana iya kama shi da yawa. Kodayake ya kamata a lura cewa rudd kifi ne mai tsananin wuya. Kusan a matsayin unpretentious ga ingancin ruwa kamar tench, kuma yafi ƙarfin, ƙarfafan talakawa.
Yawan jama'a na cin amanar gama gari saboda gaskiyar cewa kama kifin nan ya cika da matsaloli masu yawa - yana da matukar wahala a kama, saboda rudar tana nuna ƙara taka tsantsan. Kifi da wuya ya bayyana a cikin fili, kuma cikin haɗari nan da nan yana ɓoye cikin ciyawar ciyawar ciyawar - wannan fasalin ya fi wuya ga maƙiyan halitta. Amma masunta suna mai da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa kamun kifi don rodi kawai zai iya faruwa akan ramuka masu haske. Wani fasalin wannan kifin shine cikakkiyar kulawa ga lamuran sauran launuka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: rudd (duk tushenta) ba ta sami mahimmancin masana'antu ba. Dalilin shine ɗanɗano ɗan ɗanɗano. Amma ga Malaman wasanni suna da ban sha'awa - musamman saboda yawan mazauna da wahalar kamawa. Ba a kama rudd ba don dafa abinci daga kunne - tsarin kama da kansa yana da mahimmanci ga masunta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
A shekaru 3-5 na rayuwa, rudd ya kai ga balaga. Girmansa a wannan lokacin ya riga yakai kusan 11-12 cm a tsayinsa, kuma kifayen sun zama shiryayyu don ƙyalƙyali. Tsawan lokacin wannan tsari shine watanni 2-3, daga Afrilu ko Mayu (farkon ya dogara da mazaunin mazaunin) kuma har zuwa ƙarshen watan Yuni. Lura cewa wannan lokacin ya dace lokacin lura da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na 16-20. A lokacin shakatarwa, launi na rowa ya zama mai haske da bayyananniya fiye da sauran lokacin.
Kifi caviar an ƙone shi akan tsire-tsire masu ruwa, kuma ba a saki rudd kwata-kwata ba, amma a cikin tsari mai tsari. Wani fasalin waɗannan kifin shine cewa kafin lokacin haifuwar, bawan caviar 2 ba su fara girma ba, kuma an kafa 3rd a daidai lokacin da ake yin huɗar. Qwai da kansu suna daure, tare da diamita na 1-1.5 mm. A matsakaici, rudd yana jefa ƙwai dubu 232, amma yana da matukar wahala a neme su don masoya na soyayyen da ba a haɗu (ƙwai yawanci suna haɗe da tushen tsire-tsire na ruwa, kuma ana yiwa mashigar kyau da kyau sosai).
Tsawon lokacin shiryawa bai wuce kwana 3 ba. Lokacin ƙyallen toya, tsawon su 5 mm, kuma idan sun kai 30 mm, takamaiman lokacin abin soya zai fara. Girman yawan rudd yana da iyakance ta gaskiyar cewa yawancin yiwuwar ƙarancin ya mutu a lokacin shiryawa, ya zama "karin kumallo" na ƙananan masu cin abincin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hakanan ana yin bayanin yawan rudd ta hanyar cewa a wasu yanayi, zasu iya yin abokantaka tare da wasu wakilan kifin na dangin cyprinid. Saboda haka, hybrids na rudd da crucian irin kifi, tench, sardo, har ma fiye da haka tare da roach mai yiwuwa ne. Haka kuma, mafi ban sha'awa, sabanin dokokin al'adun halittar, dabbobin da ke haifar da irin wannan tsallakewar ba su rasa ikon haifuwarsu ba kuma a amince samar da zuriya masu mahimmanci. Wannan fasalin wani yanayi ne da ke samar da ci gaba ga ci gaban al'umma na haɓaka.
Abokan Halitta
Hoto: Me ya yi kama?
Saboda girman yawan jama'arta, yawan cin amana a koyaushe yakan zama abin lura ga masu irin wannan dabbobin kamar su kifayen kifi, kifin kifi da kuma kifayen - manyan kifayen sun sami nasarar shawo kan “dabarun” ta. A tsari, shine kasancewar makiya na halitta wanda shine babban abin da ke hana ci gaban mutane rudani - saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a iya daidaita daidaiton yanayin halittar jikin ruwa, saboda "jan roach" da ke tattare da yawa.
Saboda haka, idan babu takaddara, kifin zai zama shara. Karasi ba da niyyar kai hari ga mai bala'in jima'i ba, matsala ce don a sami caviar (na ƙarshen ya ɓoye ta sosai), amma cin yara yana da sauƙi. Wani abokin gaba na ruddine shine katantanwa - ƙanana da manyan tafkuna. Bari kawai muce sun amsa mata “martani”, suna lalata ƙwai.
Koyaya, mutum ya kasance shine babban abokin gaba na mashin da ke jan ido - kuma ba masanin talaka bane mai kamun kifi, ko ma maharbi tare da tarko. Yawan jama'ar waɗannan kifayen suna da sauri sosai wanda tare da dukkan marmarin kar a wargaza su. Amma watsi da masana'antu daga masana'antu suna haifar da lalacewar rudd. Amma koda rudd ya daidaita don magance wannan matsalar - bayan watsi da abubuwa masu lahani, sai su fara yin ƙaura zuwa sama, sannan su dawo. Cutar daga sakewar sunadarai zuwa wasu nau'in kifi ta fi muni.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
HOTO: kifayen kifi
Bayan haxin ruwan yau da kullun, akwai wasu irin nau'ikan kifayen.
Scarinius ɗin ruddus mai riska. Wannan yanayin rudd yana rayuwa musamman a kudanci Girka, kasancewa kyakkyawan misali ne game da yanayi. Jikin wannan kifin ya kai tsawon cm 33. Duk da bambance-bambance na rarrabewar kewayon, wannan rudd yana da bambance-bambance masu ƙarancin gaske daga rudd na gama gari - bambanci tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashen biyu ne kawai a cikin takamaiman tsarin ƙyallen kuma a cikin adadin chian takarar keɓaɓɓu.
Scardinius acarnanicus spawns daga farkon Maris zuwa Yuli an haɗa. Abin lura ne cewa irin wannan mummunan halin yana shafar kawai Scardinius acarnanicus, Scardinius racovitzai da Scardinius graecus (zamuyi magana game da shi a ƙasa). Yawan duk sauran kasashe masu tallata haɓaka suna haɓaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsu.
Rudd Girkanci. Sunan Latin don wannan tallafin shine Scardinius graecus. Hakanan ana kiranta da suna Ilikskie rudd - sunan ya ba da mazauni (kifi yana zaune a tafkin Iliki, yana tsakiyar Girka). Distinwararren fasalinsa shine tsawon - girman jikin manya na iya kaiwa har zuwa 40 cm. Iabilar masana Ichthyologists suna danganta raguwar yawan wannan subsan jari tare da raguwar wadatar abinci.
Scarinius mai rudu yana racovitzai. Wannan nau'in rudd yana rayuwa a cikin bazara mai zafi ta Petzea (Baile Epiropesti), wanda yake a yammacin Romania. Dangane da girman, wannan nau'in rudd shine mafi karami, matsakaicin tsayin jikinsu baya wuce cm 8.5. Rage yanayin mazaunin wadannan rudd yana da nasaba da gurbata yanayin rayuwarsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kuna iya samun nassoshi game da gaskiyar cewa a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya - Sakhalin da kuma a cikin tsarkakakkun jikunan Japan, wata karamar kifaye mai suna iri ɗaya - wacce take mafi girma a gabashin nesa. Duk da rashin fahimtar da aka saba da ita, ba ta da abin da ya shafi rukuninmu na yau da kullun, duk da suna iri ɗaya. Dangane da rarrabuwa na zamani, rudd mai nisa yana mallakar wani irin kifi ne daban.
Zamu iya cewa haɗu - Kifi ne quite kwantar da hankula, unpretentious, take kaiwa a sedentary (tare da rare banda) salon, kusan ba barin ta asali ruwan jikin. Iyakar abin da ake banbantawa shine watsi da abubuwa masu cutarwa ko kuma ragin koguna (tabkuna, tafkunan). Redfinches suna zaune a cikin ƙananan garke, kuma suna da kwanciyar hankali - duk da cewa su mafarauta ne. Wuya da wuya rikici da juna - amma ba a bikin baƙi. Livewararrun masu rayuwa suna rayuwa tare da ƙarancin gasa, yawancin jama'a a gare su ba dalili bane don rarraba yankin tare da juna.
Rarraba da wuraren zama
Rudd in mun gwada da yaduwa a jikin ruwan mu. Yana da yawa musamman a cikin koguna na kwari na Black, Azov, Caspian da Aral Seas. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin kasashen Baltic da Siberiya. A gabashin kasar, tare da gabar Tekun Bahar Rum, ragin Far Eastern, ko Ugai, ke zaune. Gaba ɗaya, rudd yana zaune a cikin koguna da tabkuna da yawa a Faransa, Ingila, duk na Tsakiyar Turai, Sweden, a Rasha ba a san iyakar iyakarta da daidaito ba, amma an samo shi a kudancin Finland (zuwa Biorneborg), kodayake ba ta isa Kogin Onega ba. Yin hukunci da gaskiyar, dole ne a zaci cewa ba ya kasancewa kwata-kwata a duk kogunan da ke gudana a cikin tekuna na White da Arctic, amma wannan har yanzu yana buƙatar tabbatarwa, tunda yana iya dacewa cewa, kamar a sauran wurare da yawa, an cakuda shi da roach, kuma wani lokacin kuma mai karfafawa.
Kodayake roudd, kamar roach, yana kawar da saurin gudana, wurin waɗannan kifayen sun sha bamban. Ana kiyaye ruddugen a cikin kogunan ruwa da dattawa, tafkuna masu gudana, a cikin ƙananan tafkuna da manyan tafkuna. Ba kamar masu ɓarna ba, ta fi son ƙarin wurare masu nisa inda ɓarna, magudanun, ganye, kibiya, filayen ruwa da sauran tsirrai masu ruwa. Anan gareshi, ban da abinci, akwai kullun inuwa da mafaka daga mafarauta. Haka kuma, akwai wani tsari. Kusa da bakin tekun, a tsakanin dazuzzuka da snags, a cikin kananan wuraren da "katako" wuraren kananan kifi ke rayuwa, wanda galibi ke rayuwa cikin fakitoci. Manyan rudd, duk da cewa sun dace da ciyarwa a kan gadajen magudan ruwa na bakin teku, suna cin mafi yawancin lokacinsu a fili, suna zaɓar tsaunukan ruwa na ƙasan nesa daga bakin ruwa tare da ciyawa.
Babban mazaunin rudd shine bays da dattawan koguna, da tafkuna masu gudana da tafkuna, inda raguna, reeds da sauran tsirrai na ruwa suna girma. A nan ita yawanci tana haɗuwa da jama'a tare da fasalin kifi, layi da sigar fata kuma tana jagorantar kusan rayuwa ta zauna, da wuya ta ƙaura daga wurin da aka zaɓa. Sabili da haka, ba'a samo shi ko'ina ba, amma a wurare, da inda yake da yawa, inda yake da wuya. A kowane hali, da alama yana da yawa sosai a kudu maso yamma da kudancin Rasha fiye da lardunan tsakiya. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin ƙananan ƙudurin Volga, yana da yawa a cikin duk hanyoyin ilmeni da kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliyar ruwa; wannan ma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a duk manyan tafkuna na yammacin Rasha. A cikin lardunan da ke kusa da Moscow, ana kiyaye shi a cikin tafkuna masu gudana, kodayake a cikin kaɗan, amma a adadi mai yawa - a cikin layukan ambaliyar da dattawa.
Age, girma, spawning
Tsawon jikin mutum zai iya kaiwa ga cm 36, kuma matsakaicin sananne shine 2 kilogiram, girman da aka saba dashi shine 16-19 cm kuma nauyi shine 100-300 g. Yawancin rayuwa ya kai shekaru 10.
Rowa yana girma a hankali a hankali. Udaƙƙarfan lamiri ya kasance na tsiro a hankali, ƙananan ƙimar kifaye. A cikin shekarar farko, ya kai tsawon 3 cm kuma taro na 1 g, a cikin shekaru 3-4 ya kai 10-12.5 cm kuma taro na 23-48 g, yana da shekaru 8 ya zama 20 cm ne kawai kuma taro mai kusan 200 g. Gabaɗaya, ana samun mutane masu shekaru 3 zuwa 5 tare da yawan 23 zuwa 120 g, samfurori mafi girma suna da aure. Daga cikin binciken abubuwan da suka faru, an san cewa matsakaicin nauyin wannan kifin a cikin tafkunan Rashawa yakai 1 kg. Lamarin zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12.
Roudd ta balaga a shekara ta 4 - 5 na rayuwa, tare da tsawonta sama da cm 12. Caviar an tsinke shi cikin rabo da yawa kamar -96 - 232 dubu ƙwai. Ciyarwa tana faruwa a ƙarshen Mayu, a watan Yuni, lokacin da ruwan zafin ya kai 18-20 ° С. Lokacin da yake yin huda, ciyawar ba ta tsallake zuwa ƙasa ba, ba ta narkewa, kamar yadda sauran ƙwayoyin cyprinids suke yi, kuma suna kwance ƙwai a hankali. Kawai sai shuru da shudar shugabantar mai sanyi da ke nuna keɓaɓɓu ne kawai yake faruwa. Caviar yana riƙe da mai tushe na tsirrai. Ba zai yiwu a tsayar da taro mai yawa ba: ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar wasu rukunin da ke warwatse, wasu lokuta tare da tatuttukan farin kaya, gudummawar azurfa, kuma ana iya tsallake rudd da sigar fata da sigar kuɗi, suna kafa gicciye. A lokacin kiwo, kashi biyu na caviar ya girma a ciki, kuma na ukun - kai tsaye yayin lokacin hutu. Caviar karami ne, diamita na kwai mai balaga kusan 1 mm, launi daban-daban an bayyane shi a fili: caviar da ya dace yana da rawaya mai haske, kashi na gaba shine launin rawaya, na ukun kuma ya yi kyau. Yawan mace-mace yana da matukar girma: a cikin garaje 12-13 cm a tsayin daka, cikakkiyar mutuncin shine kimanin qwai dubu 10.5, a cikin kifi 16 - 17 cm tsayi, kusan 23 dubu, da tsawon 22-23 cm, tsayin 125,000 ko fiye. Ilityarancin takin gargajiya ya tashi daga 220 zuwa ƙwai 400 a 1 g na taro. Kodayake yawan ƙwai da aka kwantar da su yana da yawa, adadin rudd a jikin ruwa ba shi da mahimmanci. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin caviar ya mutu a lokacin shiryawa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi: a cikin ruwa mai zurfi daga lalata ko bushewa, wani ɓangaren caviar ya kasance ba tare da haɗuwa ba, kamar yadda mata sukan sa ƙwai ba tare da maza ba. Wani muhimmin sashi na tsararraki ya mutu bayan kyankyasar ci gaban lardin. Haɗuwa da ƙwai yakan ɗauki kwanaki 3-4, dukkan matakai na ci gaban lardin an kammala su a tsakiyar bazara, kuma za a girka a watan Agusta.
Rayuwa
Dangane da lura da rudanin, wannan shine, in mun gwada da magana, mafi tsananin ƙarfi, raye raye da taka tsantsan, a dukkan waɗannan halaye ya fi zuwa roƙon - abokin aiki na yau da kullun, kodayake matsayinsu ya ɗan bambanta. Rudd ne wanda aka samo a cikin mafi girma a cikin busassun ciyawar ciyawa, galibi a cikin reeds, reeds, tsakanin burdocks (Lily na ruwa) da kusa da moss na ruwa, wanda ya sa a cikin manyan wuraren tafkuna koyaushe yana da yawa fiye da roach.Kamar tench, ana samo shi, sabili da haka, a cikin manyan lambobi a cikin babban tafki da kuma a bude, wuraren da aka haɗu, kusan ba sa fitowa, amma ba ya son inuwa da ruwa mai kyau, duk da haka, kuma baya bin tushe kamar tench da roach, sabili da haka iyo duk lokacin rani (daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta), b. sa'o'i a rabin ruwa, kuma a cikin zafin rana - a cikin manyan shimfidar, game da 15 cm daga farfajiya, gabaɗaya, tana son Bask a rana. A cikin zafi har ma yana iyo gaba daya saman kuma yana jagorantar hanya ta rayuwa fiye da kullun fiye da pike da perch: ana iya ganin shi kawai tare da fitowar rana da faɗuwar rana (sai dai lokacin hutu), a maraice yana shiga zuwa ƙananan, yadudduka na ruwa da ƙuraje cikin ciyawa, wanda ya fi girma bangare a abin da ake kira. danshin ruwa ko reeds da reeds. Ana ajiye mafi girman rudd a cikin gadaje da ciyayi a duk rana kuma ana iyo ruwa a nan ƙasa, yana barin kawai bakin haurensu.
Rudd bai taɓa zama a ƙarƙashin tudu ba da ruwa - wurin da aka fi so a tench a zafi da sanyi, kuma ba ya ɓoye (a cikin yanayi mai zafi) a ƙarƙashin bushes da Tushen a kan tudu, kamar roach, wanda, aƙalla lokacin da yake tare da rudd, yana manne da ƙarin wuraren buɗewa kuma yana yin iyo sau da yawa kusa da tushe. Krasnoperka yana son yin iyo kusa da ɗakunan wanka, gadoji, rakuma, amma idan ciyawa ta girma kusa. Ba ya motsawa daga kannumfari da mita masu yawa kuma baya ma son rauni mai rauni, kodayake yana da yardar rai yana kiyaye wuraren shakatawa a mashigar niƙa, abinci mai yawa. A cikin sauri na motsi, ba kaskantacce ba ne ta hanyar roach ta kowace hanya, kuma duk wanda ya gani da wane irin karfi ya tona, ko kuma, wani abu yayin da yake wasa a saman kasa, tabbas zai iya cewa wannan kifin ne ya fi shi karfi fiye da roach.
Abincin roba ya ƙunshi, kamar yadda na lura, na ƙananan harbe na tsire-tsire, filamentous algae (Spirogyra, Cladophora - mulberry, "ganye"), tsutsotsi, kwari, ƙwai na wasu kifi, har ma da ƙananan yara. A lokacin rani, rudd yana da matukar sha'awar, a fili, don cin saƙar caviar a kan ganyayen ruwan lily na ganye, sau da yawa a cikin busasshen ruwa na ruwan furanni ana murmushi ana ji ko'ina - wannan rudd tana tsaftace snail mucous caviar yana manne da ganyayyaki. Wani sautin murya mai kama da kullun yana yin sauti a cikin iska.
Girma na wani rudd
Udaƙƙarfan nasa yana ga ƙarami da ƙimar daraja. Yana girma a hankali, a cikin shekarar farko girman hawan ya kai tsawon 3-4 cm. Rashin tsufa yakan faru ne a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin girman shine 16-18 cm tare da nauyin 150-300 gr. An dauki kifi mai girma idan tsayinsa ya wuce cm 23-30 tare da nauyin jiki na 700-900 g. Matsakaicin nauyin rudd shine kilogiram 2.1 tare da tsawon 51 cm, amma wannan yanayi ne na musamman.
Kama rudd
Wasu marubutan sun ba da shawarar kama rudd ba tare da iyo ruwa ba, maye gurbin ƙugiya da matattar ruwa tare da mormyshka na yau da kullun. Sun bayyana wannan ta gaskiyar cewa kamun kifi don mormyshka sun fi cinye abubuwa fiye da lokacin kamun kifi.
Bai kamata ya zama akwai madaukai, katako ko kuma kananun layin kamun kifi ba - duk wannan ba lallai bane. Dole ne a haɗa layin kamun kifi a sanda "a ɗaure." Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa amincin gabaɗaɗan kayan sun dogara ne kawai ba akan diamita da ingancin layin kamun kifi ba, har ma da yadda angon ke haɗa ƙugiya. Kafin a rufe taron, ana bada shawarar danshi dashi da ruwan zafi.
A wannan yanayin kawai maganinka zai zama mai haske, kyakkyawa kuma mai sauki don amfani. Aesthetics anan bazai zama superfluous ba.
A matsayin kayan aikin musanya wa sandan kamun kifi, koyaushe ɗauke da saitin layin kamun kifayen da aka sanya ta da kuma diamita da launuka daban-daban a kewayen. Dole ne yakamata a daidaita masu laifi da kuma masu iyo ruwa a tsaka-tsaki, kuma ƙyallen ya kamata ya yi tsawon hannayensu na daban. Idan, alal misali, an dasa ciyawa akan ƙugiya da ƙyallen maƙarar hannu, to wannan saurin ma yakan buge shi ƙasa, amma ba a hukuntashi ba. Ga tsutsotsi da magudanar jini, akasin haka, saƙa da ɗan gajeren hancin ya fi kyau.
Roƙon yana jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Da maraice, sai ta fita a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ruwa kuma ta clogs cikin ciyawa. A cikin hunturu, ya ta'allaka ne a cikin rami na hunturu kuma ba kama kifi ba. A lokacin bazara, kamun kifin za a iya farawa bayan da ruwan tsufana ya yi rauni.
A watan Mayun - Yuni, da rigakafin spawns. A wannan lokacin, a duk yankuna na ƙasar ana hani akan kamun kifi na kowane kifi. A cikin tsakiyar Rasha a lokacin tsalle-tsalle ba a ba da izinin harba kwale-kwale a kan ruwa ba. Gaskiya ne, ana ba da izinin kamun kifi na daga bakin tekun ta hanyar mashi guda ɗaya tare da ƙugiya ɗaya.
Chabilar Ichthyologists sun yi imani da cewa a lokacin rani yayin rana tsaka tana da iyakar ƙarfin abinci guda biyu: safe - daga 7 zuwa 9 hours da maraice - daga 17 zuwa 19, i.e. mafi inganci lokacin kamun kifi shine safiya da maraice.
Zaɓin bututun ƙarfe da ƙuru, wanda mala'ika ke nuna lalata, shine ɗayan mahimman mahimmancin yanayi don nasara. Yawancin lokaci suna ɗaukar semolina a matsayin abin ƙyamar, kuma kamar ƙarancin tsutsotsi, ƙwayoyin cuta da zubar jini. Kuna iya faɗaɗa gaba ɗaya faɗin.
A farkon kamun kifi, suna ƙoƙarin yin duk abin da suka kawo wannan lokacin tare da su, har sai ya bayyana sarai ko abin da rudanin ya fi so a yau. A lokacin bazara, yawanci suna kama hanyoyin zubar jini da tsutsotsin ja. Ana iya ganin su da kyau a cikin ruwa mai wahala. A lokacin hunturu, kifayen suna fama da yunwa kuma suna faranta musu rai.
Hakanan ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa rudd ya fi son ƙaramin abu da ƙarami. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa suna yin yadu da ƙarfi akan ƙugiya fiye da manyan abubuwan sihiri kuma, a zahiri, suna jan hankalin kansu sosai.
A tsayin bazara, ana kama rudd sosai a kan gida-gida, ƙaramin ciyayi da wuyan crayfish. Nasara shi ne kamun manyan ciyayi akan tsintsiya mara amfani.
Yawanci, ana riskar rudd ta hanyar jefa ƙugiya ta hanyar juji ko kuma reeds cikin gibin da ke tsakanin ciyayi, ko “windows”. An sanya ƙullin kamar 30-40 cm daga kan ruwa. Kowane lokaci bayan an yi jifa, idan cizon bai bi shi nan da nan ba, zai iya zama a cire dabbar a ɗanɗana zuwa domin kifin na kifi tsakanin shi da sanda ya miƙa - wannan zai sa ƙwanjin aikin ku ya fi damuwa, kuma cizon ya fi zama sananne. Sau da yawa ana cizo, cizo yana faruwa ne a daidai lokacin da ake nitsar da koto. Wani lokacin rudd yakan kama wani katako, da zaran ya hau saman ruwa.
A lokacin bazara, lokacin da kwari da yawa da lardin su suka bayyana, ba laifi ba ne idan an kama layin da ke sanyin a hankali. Tsawon zuriyarsa ya dogara da zurfin kamun kifi, kamar yadda kowane lokaci bayan yin amfani da ruwa zuwa ginin kasan wajibi ne don yin sabon Cast. Ba a buƙatar matattarar ruwa tare da wannan hanyar kamun kifi ba. Cizo lokacin da kunkuntar ba tare da mai wanki ba yayi kama da haka: kwatsam ruwa kwatsam ruwa ya hau zuwa gefen, sannan ya dawo, ya sake iyo, kuma a ƙarshe ba zato ba tsammani kuma ya shiga ruwa gabaɗaya. Wajibi ne a ƙugiya a lokacin mafi tsananin ƙarfi. Bayan da ruwa yafita cikin ruwa, ya makara sosai yin nitsar.
Idan, bayan kama mutum biyu ko uku, cizon ya daina, to kar ku yi sauri don canza wurin. Wasu lokuta 'yan mintoci kaɗan sun isa kifin ya kwantar da hankalinsa ya dawo. Mafi muni idan kifin ya karye. Wani saurin fashewa nan da nan yayi irin wannan “sautin” wanda duk yan uwanta nan take su watse cikin hanyoyi daban-daban kuma su riƙa shiga cikin lokacin ciyawar ciyawar.
Scardinius acarnanicus
Tana zaune a kudancin Girka. Yana kaiwa zuwa 33 cm a tsawon. Yana da ƙananan bambance-bambancen ra'ayi daga rudd na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin ƙashin kansa da yawan adadin ƙwayar gill stamens. Tsere daga wannan nau'in yana gudana daga Maris zuwa Yuli. Hakanan, ana fuskantar barazanar wannan rudani tare da lalata.
Scardinius racovitzai
Yana zaune a cikin bazara mai zafi na zafi (Baile Epiropesti), a yammacin Romania. Wannan nau'in rudd shine mafi ƙanƙanci, tsawonsu bai wuce cm 8.5 ba.Haka kuma ana barazanar lalatawa saboda ƙazantar mazauninsu.
Rudd spawning
A shekara ta uku zuwa ta biyar, rowa ya kai ga balaga. Girman kifin a wannan lokacin ya riga ya zama 12 cm tsawonsa, kuma ya kasance yana shirye don farawa, wanda zai iya wuce daga Afrilu ko Mayu (ya danganta da mazaunin) kuma har zuwa ƙarshen watan Yuni a yanayin zafi mafi kyau na digiri 16-20. A lokacin ishara, launi na rodi ya zama mai haske da karin haske. Suna sa qwai kan tsire-tsire masu ruwa, kuma ba su sake shi sau ɗaya ba, amma a cikin allurai masu ƙima. Kafin kiwo, rudd din ta riga ta farfado da servings biyu na caviar, kuma na ukun an kafa shi nan da nan a lokacin tsinkewa. Qwai da kansu suna daure, suna da kusan mm.5.5 a diamita. Rudd yawanci yakanyi har zuwa qwai dubu 232, amma gano su ba abu bane mai sauki, saboda galibi ana alakanta su da asalin tsirrai masu ruwa na ruwa.
Lokacin shiryawa zai kai kwana uku. A lokacin da pecking, tsawon su 5 mm, kuma idan aka kai 30 mm, lokacin soya ya fara. Kodayake adadin ƙwai da aka kwantar da su yana da yawa, babban adadin yuwuwar ya mutu lokacin lokacin shiryawa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da rudd
- Yawancin rudu suna faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan kifin yana da wahalar kamawa, yana da hankali, da wuya ya shiga fili, a cikin haɗari yana ɓoye cikin ɓarnar alkama ko kifaye.
- Ruhun bai zama kifi na masana'antu ba, saboda yana da ɗan ɗanɗano cikin ɗanɗano.
- Herwararrun masunta suna da masaniyar cewa juzu'ai na bogi kawai akan abubuwan baƙi masu launin rawaya; ƙifar launuka na dabam sune waɗannan kifayen ke watsi da su. (Yanzu kun san amsar wannan tambayar: menene hukuncin ya yi yawa).
- Wannan kifin yana da ban sha'awa ga masunta masu wasanni saboda yanayin rayuwarta.
Rudd mazauni
Ana samun wuraren zama a cikin dukkan koguna da tafkunan Turai, ban da yankunan arewacin. Hakanan an samo shi a cikin Caucasus da Tsakiyar Asiya.
Babban yanki na kifi sune wuraren waha:
- Azovsky
- Baki
- Harshen Caspian
- Baltic da Farin Teku.
An samo shi a cikin koguna na gabashin Siberiya. Matsakaicin wurin da zai dace shine wurin zama, hanyoyin ruwa, kwarara da tafkuna, dattawan koguna ba tare da wani ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu ba. Kifi a sauƙaƙe yana ƙin rashin isashshen oxygen, yana jin an kiyaye shi cikin ruwa mai wahala. Yana zaɓar wuraren da ɓarke, ciyayi, duckweed da sauran tsirrai suke girma. Gudun daji kusa da bakin tekun, kuma da dare yana shiga cikin ramuka na ƙasa.
Bambanci na rudd daga roach
Abu ne mai sauki ka sami bambance-bambance tsakanin roach da rudu ta halaye masu zuwa:
- jikin roach ne mafi elongated kuma an rufe shi da wani Layer na gamsai,
- fin murfin yana a kan daidai wannan tare da ventral, kuma yana da haskoki 10-12,
- babban sikeli, babu duhu akan bango, launin gaba daya azurfa ne ba tare da turanci ba,
- insaunansu masu launin ja, ba ja mai haske,
- madaidaiciya bakin, ba tare da rawaya bakin a kan lebe,
- a bakin, 5-6 hakora a kowane jere,
- ja idanu
- bashi da haƙarran haƙora a ciki.
Da ke ƙasa akwai hoto wanda ke nuna bambance-bambancen tsakanin rudd da roach.
Ruhun yana samun abinci a saman ruwa, yayin da roach ya fi son ciyarwa a ƙasa, yana ɗaukar algae mai zurfi da ƙananan mazaunan ruwa.
Hanyoyi don kamawa da rudd
Udaƙƙarfan magana shine thermophilic, saboda haka mafi kyawun rudu yana faruwa a cikin bazara, ko kuma a ƙarshensa, kuma yana zuwa har zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. Kama hanya mafi kyau shine tun daga safiya zuwa faɗuwar rana. Neman kifin yakamata ya kasance a cikin shinge na reeds ko ciyayi na bakin teku. Yanayin ya kamata ya zama rana, ba tare da kwatsam ta iska ba. Lokacin sanyaya, kifin ya shiga zurfi. Rudd shine talaka mai rikitarwa; ana iya lissafta shi cikin sauƙaƙe daga motsin edaukar da hasken fashewar ruwa.
Idan kun lura da shiru kuma ba ku yin motsi kwatsam a cikin ruwa, to zai iya kusantowa. Tare da hanyoyi don kama rudd daga tudu akwai matsala - ƙugiya. Don rage haɗarin, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan da ya dace. Rodwan mashin kan ruwa mai tsalle tare da sanda mai kamun kifi na mita 4-5 ya dace. Matsakaicin diamita na layin kamun kifi shine 0.25 mm. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki ɗan ƙarami wanda aka yi da kayan abu mai haske (abin toshe kwalaba).
Ya kamata a zaɓi ƙugiya mai ƙarfi, amma na bakin ciki, in ba haka ba yana yiwuwa a karya leɓon rigar rauni, kuma zai karye. Ya isa a yi amfani da pellet ɗaya na ƙaramin diamita azaman mai wanka. Mafi yawan lokuta kwari suna wucewa a gefen gefen tsire-tsire na bakin teku, a can ne yakamata ku jefa ƙungiyar. Gurasar burodi, sha'ir lu'ulu'u, masara ko alkama, ƙaramin burodi, da dai sauransu sun dace. Babban abu shine cewa akwai turba a farfajiya da ƙanshin zartuka.
Rudd ɗin ba shi da ma'ana a cikin abinci, kuma don masunta masu amfani da mashi za su yi amfani da dungumi da kuma dusar ƙwari, maggots, daskararren jini, larvae na ƙudaje da ƙwari, ƙananan kwari har ma da ciyawar ciyawa. Zabi na dabarun shuka shima ya bambanta - kwasfa hatsi na masara, crumbs burodi, Peas, gero, hatsi mai hatsin rai, mamalyga da ƙari mai yawa. Jefar kaya yakamata ya zama bututun, yana da sauƙin yin simintin gyaran kafa.
Kifi ya kama koto kusa da shi, don haka masun ɗin ya kasance yana lura da abin. Idan wanda aka azabtar ya ja ƙugiya cikin ɓoye, ba za a iya hana ƙugiyar ba. Yanke bakin maganin zai yi amo kuma fakitin zai tafi wurin da babu lafiya. Lokacin da zai yuwu a gano wata makaranta, kuna buƙatar jefa jakar ta cikin ruwa koyaushe, wannan zai kiyaye kifin kuma ya yi fatali da shi. Hakanan, don kamun kifin bakin teku, ana amfani da sanda mai juyawa tare da sanda mai kamun kifi na 2-2.5 m tare da masu zaba.
Idan kun kamun kifi daga jirgin ruwa, ya kamata ku guji sararin sararin ruwa, kuma ku kasance kusa da lililin ruwa mai iyo, ruwa mai tsalle-tsalle, ciyayi daban-daban da bishiyoyi sun faɗi cikin ruwa. Yana da kyau ku kama babban rudani tare da mai amfani ta hanyar amfani da masu ciyarwa. Dogayen simintin gyaran kafa, azaman hanyar kama rudd, ba a buƙata, don haka ƙirar nauyi mai nauyin mita 3,5-4 ya dace. Leash fiye da mita 1 a tsayi domin ƙungiyar ta fi tsayi tsinkaye cikin ruwa. Ana saita iyo ruwa tare da nauyin a nesa na 50-60 cm daga ƙugiya.
Ruwan da aka tashe daga ruwa, yana rawar jiki sosai kuma yakan fyaɗa ƙugiya. Don kauce wa wannan, ƙugiya ɗin dole ne ya kasance mai kaifi da sauri, in ba haka ba idan akwai ceto kifin zai jagoranci makarantar gaba ɗaya zuwa wani hadari.