1. Girgizar ƙasa mafi girma ya kai girman 9.5 a Chile a shekarar 1960. Ya haifar da girgizar kasa mai karfin tsunami wacce ta bazu tsawon kilomita 10,000.
2. Girgizar kasa ta 2011 a kusa da Japan ya kara saurin juyawa duniyagajarta ranar da 1.8 microseconds.
3. Kowace shekara Kimanin girgizar ƙasa 1,500 ke faruwa a Japan.
Girgizar ƙasa bayan ta
4. Gina gine-ginen Inca sun kasance masu tsayayya da tsayayya da ayyukan ginin. Masonry wanda Incas zai iya amfani da shi tsayayya da girgizar kasa mafi girma.
5. Girgizar asa yayi ruwa zuwa zinare.
6. Bayan girgizar kasa mai karfin lamba 8.0 a garin Meksiko a cikin 1985, kusan dukkan yaran da suka haihu sun tsira a wani asibiti da ya rushe tsawon kwanaki 7 ba tare da abinci, ruwa, zafi ko saduwa da mutane ba.
7. Girgizar kasa ta 16 ga Disamba, 1811 ta haifar da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci juzu'in juzu'in wasu sassan Kogin Mississippi.
8. Tsawon Everest ya ragu da 2.5 cm bayan girgizar kasa ta 2015 a Nepal.
9. A cikin 132 AD An ƙasar China ne ya kirkira seismograph, wanda a lokacin girgizar ta jefa wani farin ƙarfe a bakin macijin da bakin macijin.
10. Kimanin girgizar ƙasa dubu 500 aka gano kowace shekara. Kimanin 100,000 daga cikinsu ana iya jin su kuma 100 daga cikinsu suna haifar da wasu lalacewa.
11. Tsaka-mai-girgizar kasa yana kusan minti 1.
12. Tremors na iya tashi a cikin 'yan shekaru bayan babbar girgizar kasa.
Taswirar ƙasa
13. Zagaya Kashi 80 cikin ɗari na manyan girgizar asa a duniya suna faruwa kusa da thearar Wutar - Wani yanki mai fasinjojin dawakai a cikin Bahar Rum inda ake samun farantan tectonic.
Yankin girgizar asa mafi karfi na biyu ana kiranta "Babbar trenti ta ninka"wanda ya hada da kasashe irin su Turkiyya, Indiya da Pakistan.
14. Girgizar kasa ta 1201 a gabashin gabashin Rum ta zama mafi mutu a tarihiwanda ya kashe mutane sama da miliyan 1.
15. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani cewa dabbobi na iya jin ɗan rawar jiki kafin girgizar. Wataƙila dabbobi suna jin alamun lantarki daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
2004 Girgizar Kasa ta Indiya ta 2004
16. Girgizar Kasa ta Indiya ta 2004 ta kusan minti 10 - wancan mafi tsawo girgizar kasa.
17. Girgizar kasa na iya sakin makamashi daruruwan lokuta makamashin da aka saki lokacin da bam din nukiliya ya fadi a Hiroshima a 1945.
18. Kafin girgizar kasa, wani wari mai ban mamaki na iya bayyana a cikin tafkunan da wurin ruwa. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon sakin gas na karkashin kasa. Hakanan yanayin zafi na karkashin ruwa na iya tashi.
19. Ana kiran girgizar kasa a duniyar wata "hasken rana"Ruwancin rana ya fi ƙasa da girgizar ƙasa rauni."
20. Girgizar kasa yawanci yakan haifar da rikicewar yanayin ƙasa, amma sanadin dalilan su na iya zama girgizar ƙasa, gwajin makamin nukiliya da aikin wuta.
Mafi tsananin girgizar asa (tun 1900)
1. Girgizar kasar Chile, 1960
Babbar Tace - Valdivia, Chile
2. Babban Alaskan Girgizar Kasa, 1964
Zare ƙasa - Yarima William Strait
3. Girgizar Kasa ta Indiya, 2004
Babbar Tace - Sumatra, Indonesia
4. Sendai Duniya, 2011
Epicenter - Sendai, Japan
5. Girgizar Kasa da tsunami a Markaro-Kurilsk, 1952
5. Poseidon - “Duniyar Shaker”
A tsohuwar Girka, mutane sun yarda cewa allahn teku, Poseidon, ne ya haifar da girgizar asa. A lokacin fushi, Poseidon ya buga ƙasa tare da mai amintaccensa kuma wannan yana haifar da girgizar ƙasa. Halin da yake ciki wanda ba a iya tsammani ba ya sa masa sunan barkwanci Shaker Earth.
6. Girgizar Kasa a Indiya
A cikin Tarihin tarihin Hindu, Duniya giwayen giwaye ne ke riƙe da ƙasa wanda ke daidaita akan kunkuru na tsaye a kan wani katon maciji. Idan kowane ɗayan waɗannan dabbobi ya motsa ko motsawa, girgizar ƙasa ta faru.
7. Tsunami
Girgizar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin teku na iya haifar da tsunami wanda ke tafiya a cikin kowane yanayi a cikin sauri zuwa 970 km. Lokacin da tsunami ya isa gaɓar tekun, guguwar za ta hau zuwa tsayin sama da mita 30, wanda ke haifar da halaka mai yawa.
8. Fuskokin ruwan Peruvian
Mummunan ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni cikin tarihi wanda girgizar ta haifar a cikin Yuni a cikin 1970. Yankin da ke da nisan mita 800 na kankara, laka da duwatsu sun fadi daga Dutsen Huascaran da tsawan kilomita 400 / h.Wannan ya binne duk kauyukan da ke karkashinsa ya kashe mutane sama da 18,000.
Bayani mai ban sha'awa
A cikin jihar California, Amurka, akwai garin Parkfield, gada da take farawa akan farantin tectonic ɗaya kuma tana kaiwa ga wani.
Watan wata kuma lokaci-lokaci yana ƙarƙashin jolts a ƙasa - ba a san yanayinsu ba.
Shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata, tsohon masanin ilmin taurari na kasar Sin Zhang Heng ya kirkiri na'urar firikwensin, yana “murmushin” su kilomita dari shida daga kansa.
Tsoffin Incas sun kirkiro nau'ikan gine-gine masu tsayayya da girgizar kasa.
Mutane sun koyi hango ko hasashen aukuwar bala'i mai gabatowa daga halayen dabbobin gida, fara damuwa da gudu daga wurin wani bala'in da zai zo nan gaba jim kaɗan. Game da halayen dabbobi, an rarraba ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya. Wasu daga cikinsu sun yi imani cewa dabbobi suna jin karar da har yanzu ba su da ikon ɗan adam su lura, yayin da wasu suke tunanin cewa dabbobi suna jin alamun siginar lantarki waɗanda ba sa ganuwa ga mutane kuma “duwatsun” ne suka fara hawa.
Abubuwan Geographic
Bayani 'yan kaxan game da girgizar asa al'amuran wannan yanki ne.
- Kimanin girgizar ƙasa miliyan ke faruwa kowace shekara, amma yawancin ba su haifar da barazanar ba saboda raunin su, a kan matsakaici sau biyu a wata akwai manyan rawar jiki, amma matsugun mutane ba koyaushe suke a wurinsu.
- Ofarfin girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi ne wanda yake da ikon sakin ɗaruruwan ɗakunan makamashi sama da na 1945 yayin saukar da bam ɗin makaman nukiliya akan garin Hiroshima na Japan.
- Trearfafa girgizar ƙasa na iya kawo ƙasa ba kawai, har ma da sauran bala'o'i - Balagawar dusar ƙanƙara da tsunami.
Bala'i
Bala'i da ya haifar da canje-canjen ƙasa:
- 1139, ƙasashe Azerbaijan na zamani: ɗayan mafi ƙarfi “raye-raye na duniya” a cikin tarihi ya sauko dutse a cikin kogin, wanda ya raba shi kuma ya “haifi” Gogin Goygol.
- 1556, China: Girgizar kasar da ta yi kanta - ta kashe mutane fiye da dari takwas.
- 1811, Amurka: Kogin Mississippi a wasu wurare ya gudana a cikin akasin haka.
- 1920, China, Lardin Gansu: Mutane miliyan ɗari biyu suka mutu a ƙarƙashin mummunan girgizar ƙasa da girgizar ƙasa ta haifar.
- 1960, Chile: girgizar kasa mafi karfi a tarihin kwanan nan - girmanta ya kai 9.5 daga 10.
- 1970, Peru: mafi yawan bala'in da girgizar ƙasa ta haifar ya tashi ne a kan Dutsen Huascaran a cikin gudun kilomita 400 a kowace sa'a, ya rufe ƙauyuka da yawa, tare da kashe fiye da mazauna 18,000.
- 2010, Chile: birnin Concepcion an ƙera mita 3 zuwa gefe.
- 2011, Japan: Tsarin duniya wanda ke kewaye da ginin ya karu da santimita 16.
- 2015, Nepal: Everest “ta fadi” da santimita 2.
Tashin hankalin fulawa a saman duniyarmu ya kasance wani yanki wanda ba'a iya sarrafawa ba, shine tushen hargitsi. Sun tunatar da mu yadda '' sarkin halitta 'yake a gaban ikonta na rashin ƙarfi. Abin da mutum zai yi fata kawai shi ne cewa tunanin kimiyyar nan gaba a karshe zai iya magance wannan abubuwan na halitta, kamar yadda wuta, ruwa da iska sun riga sun sanya dan adam da amfani.
12. Mafi yawan wuraren girgizar asa
Kusan kashi tamanin cikin dari na girgizar ƙasa mafi girma a duniya na faruwa kusa da Ringarar Wuta na Tsibiri, wanda yanki ne mai kamannin dawakai a tekun Pacific inda ake samun faranti iri-iri. Yankin yanki na biyu mafi karfi na yanki shine yankin da ake kira da bakin tekun Bahar Rum, wanda ya hada da kasashe kamar su Turkiya, Indiya da Pakistan.
Girgizar kasa mafi muni
Girgizar kasa mafi muni a duniya ta faru ne a shekarar 1556 a tsakiyar kasar Sin. Ya bugi wani yanki inda yawancin mutane ke rayuwa a cikin kofofin da aka sassaka daga dutse mai taushi. Wadannan gidajen sun rushe yayin girgizar kasa, inda mutane kusan 830,000 suka rasa rayukansu. A shekara ta 1976, wata girgizar kasa ta sake barkewa a cikin Tangshan na China, wanda ya kashe mutane sama da 250,000.
Abin da girgizar asa nan gaba a San Andreas zai iya haifar
Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar Sanyi a cikin shekaru Sanyin Miliyan 3 da suka gabata an kiyasta kusan 2 inci (5.08 cm) kowace shekara. A kusan daidai wannan adadin, ƙusoshinmu suna girma. Idan wannan yanayin ya ci gaba, masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa a cikin shekaru miliyan 15, Los Angeles da San Francisco za su kasance kusa da juna.
Labarin
Dangane da bincike da yawa, girgizar asa a duniya ta faru shekaru miliyan da suka gabata. Wani abin aukuwa na dabi'a ya zama ɗayan dalilai na rarrabuwar babbar ashara zuwa sassa daban-daban.
An ambaci ambaci girgizar asa a cikin kusurwa daban-daban na duniyar cikin takaddun tarihi na tsohuwar Roma da sauran jihohi. Yawancinsu sun lalace sosai. Wasu, duk da cewa basu da iko, sun haifar da tsoro.
Incas dole ne ya fuskanci rawar jiki a Kudancin Amurka. Wannan ya tilasta musu yin bita kan ka'idojin yin gine-gine. Incas ne ya fara farkon gina gidaje masu tsayayya da girgizar kasa. Ban wasan su na birkiyoyi sun tsayayya da girgizar ƙasa sama da ɗaya.
Don koyon yadda ake hango ko yin rikodin wani abu na halitta, kusan shekaru 2,000 da suka wuce, an ƙirƙiri seismograph na farko a cikin Mulkin Tsakiyar. Na'urar ta yi rawar jiki. Kayan da aka gani sunyi dariya. A lokacin rawar jiki, ya tura kwallon farin karfe a bakin murfin da bakin macijin.
Siffofin
Kowace shekara, girgizar ƙasa miliyan tana faruwa a duniya. Yawancinsu basu da iko kuma basa cutarwa. Mai saurin magana a cikin ƙasa yana faruwa sau 2 a wata. Koyaya, a mafi yawan lokuta, suna faruwa ne a cikin teku ko wasu wuraren da babu mutane kuma, a sakamakon haka, ba sa kawo babbar lahani, haka kuma waɗanda abin ya shafa.
Abubuwa daban-daban na iya haifar da girgizar asa. Da farko dai, suna da alaƙa da yanayin motsa jiki na faranti tectonic. Wannan na iya haifar da rawar jiki.
Hakanan girgizar asa na faruwa ne sakamakon kurakuran dan adam. Misali, sanadin afkuwar bala'o'i sune fashewar abubuwa ta karkashin kasa, gwajin makami a cikin teku, da dai sauransu.
Mummunar girgizar asa yakan haifar da tsunamis. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa ya kai mita 12. Ruwa yana gudana a cikin babban sauri, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mafi girma halaka da mutuwa. Babban misali shi ne Fukushima da tsunami a Indonesia, Thailand da Sri Lanka shekaru 15 da suka gabata.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da girgizar asa shine girgizar ƙasa a Japan ba kawai ta lalata masana'antar makamashin nukiliya ba, har ma ta haifar da karuwar oscillations na Duniya a kusa da ginin ta da milimita 160. Sakamakon haka, ranar ta zama ya fi gajarta ta 1.8 microseconds.
Matsakaicin lokacin girgizar kasa dai dai da dakika 60 ne. Koyaya, wani lokacin ana lura da jerin fassarar ƙasa. Irin wannan yanayin na halitta shine mafi lalacewa da haɗari.
Mafi girman adadin girgiza ana gani a cikin Hemisphere na Arewa. Fiye da 2/3 na girgizar asa na faruwa a Tekun Pacific. Yawancin tsunamis da aka Haifa a wurin.
Ana samun sabon abin halitta ba wai kawai a duniya ba. Shocks a karkashin faruwar faruwa har ma a wata. Ana kiran sabon abu - "moonquake". Yana da iko sosai ƙasa da girgizar ƙasa akan duniyarmu. Masana kimiyya ba za su iya bayanin yanayin tashin hankalin ba.
Mafi yawan
Daya daga cikin bala'o'in bala'in halitta sun faru a tsakiyar karni na XII a cikin yankin Azerbaijan na zamani. Girgizar ƙasa ta haifar da rushewar duwatsu. Manyan duwatsu sun toshe kogin. Don haka ta juya zuwa tafkin. Wurin rafin kuwa ana kiransa Geigel.
Girgizar kasa mafi muni ta faru ne a tsakiyar karni na 16 a kasar Sin. Sakamakon haka, an lalata rukunin gine-gine da yawa. Bala'i na bala'i ya haddasa mutuwar mutane sama da miliyan ɗaya.
Girgizar ƙasa na faruwa a zurfafan wurare daban-daban. Mafi girman rikodin da aka taɓa yin rikodin shine 750 kilomita.
Mafi haɗari sune Chile da Japan. Wadannan kasashe fiye da yadda wasu ke fama da girgizar asa. Japan ta lissafa ¼ na rawar jiki.
A shekarar 1930, an yi girgizar ƙasa sama da dubu 5.5 a cikin ƙasar.
A Chile, girgizar kasa mafi muni ta faru. Masana kimiyya sun rubuta rawar jiki tare da karfi na maki 9.5 akan sikelin Richter. Sakamakon haka, tsunami ya tashi, guguwar wacce ta bazu tsawon kilomita 10,000.
Girgizar kasa mafi tsawo da aka rubuta a duniyarmu ta faru shekaru 15 da suka gabata. Tsawon lokacinta ya kusan minti 10.
Mene ne banbanci tsakanin guguwar tsunami da tsunami
Dukda cewa duka abubuwan mamakin suna da alaƙa da raƙuman ruwan teku, wannan ba abu ɗaya bane. Zazzabi mai cikakken karfi yana nufin rakuman ruwa wadanda ke haifar da ma'amala da juna tsakanin Rana, Wata da Duniya. Tsunami tsunami guguwar teku ce sanadiyyar girgizar kasa ko kuma ambaliyar ruwa wacce ta kauda ruwa daga teku.
Tsunami mafi girma a tarihi ya zama tun daga 2004. abin ya faru ne a tekun Indiya ya kuma kashe mutane 240 dubu daga kasashe 14. Tsayin guguwa mai lalacewa ya wuce 30 m.
Wasu ƙarin ban sha'awa girgizar ƙasa
A cikin Amurka akwai gada, wacce take kai tsaye a kan farantan tectonic biyu. Istswararru sun sami damar haɓaka ƙirar da ta yi nasarar magance girgiza da motsi na dandano.
Wasu dabbobi suna jin yanayin girgizar ƙasa. Sakamakon haka, halittu da sauri suna barin gine-ginen kuma suna ƙoƙarin nisanta su. Wannan da farko yana nufin berayen. Wataƙila, dabbobi suna jin motsin girgiza mai rauni kafin aukuwar girgizar, ko kuma rawar wutar lantarki wacce ta taso daga motsin tectonic.
Girgizar kasa da aka yi a Amurka a farkon karni na 19 ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin sassa daban-daban ruwan da ke yanzu a cikin Kogin Mississippi ya fara motsawa a cikin kishiyar sigar ta al'ada. Gaskiya ne, sabon abu ya kasance na ɗan lokaci. Ba da daɗewa ba ruwa ya fara motsawa kamar yadda aka saba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da girgizar asa shine girgizar ƙasa shekaru 4 da suka gabata, wanda ya faru a cikin Nepal, ya haifar da raguwa a tsayin daka na Everest da milimita 25.
Tremors a Chile 9 da suka wuce ya koma ɗayan ƙauyuka 300 santimita daga wurin da aka samo asali.
Girgizar kasa tana haifar da adadin kuzari mai yawa. Volumearfin sa ya ninka sau dubbai fiye da ƙarfin da ke fitowa daga fashewar makaman nukiliya.
Raƙuman ruwa na ƙasa waɗanda ke faruwa yayin girgizar ƙasa a cikin sauri zuwa 360 km / h, kuma wani lokacin ma. Wato, suna gudu kamar motar tsere mai kyau.
An ce girgizar ƙasa tana taimakawa wajen juyar da ruwa zuwa zinare. Gaskiya ne, mutane kalilan ne suka sami damar cin ribar wannan kuma su sami wadata.
A karshen karni na karshe, girgizar kasa ta afku a kasar Mekziko, sakamakon wannan asibitin da ya rushe. Ginin ya kasance gatan mata masu juna biyu. A ƙarƙashin rubirin an sami jarirai masu jarirai. Yara sun zauna a cikin kango har tsawon mako guda ba tare da abinci da ruwa ba. A lokaci guda, lokacin da masu aikin ceto suka yi nasarar yin ɓarnar, kusan dukkanin yaran suna raye. Yawancin sun tsere tare da ƙananan rashi ko kuma tsoro kawai.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da girgizar asa shine cewa ba da daɗewa ba kafin aukuwar girgiza a cikin tafkuna na zahiri, zaku iya jin ƙanshin da baƙon abu. Sanadin abin da ya faru ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Yunkurin yadudduka yana haifar da sakin gas na ƙasa. Hakanan, masana kimiyya sun yi ta rububin yawan zafin jiki a cikin hanyoyin karkashin kasa.
Yayin rawar jiki, sautin yayi kama da jita-jita. An kafa ta ne sakamakon fashewar ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa. Kunnen mutum bai san mas shofa ba.
Canje-canje a yanayin yanayi ba zai iya haifar da girgizar ƙasa ba. Wato, mahaukaciyar guguwa, guguwa, bugun walƙiya ba ya tsokani motsi na faranti tectonic.
Yankin da yafi karfi a yankin
Yankin Kogin Pacific na Wuta ko Belt na Wuta yanki ne da ya mamaye Tekun Pacific. Kusan 90% na girgizar asa a duniya suna faruwa a can. Yankin mafi yawan yanki na gaba, wanda shine kashi 5-6% na duk abubuwan firgici na duniya, shine Alpine bel. Ya daga yankin Rum ta gabas ta hanyar Turkiya, Iran da arewacin India.
Wasu ƙididdigar ƙididdiga
An kiyasta cewa girgizar asawar mutum dubu 500 na faruwa a shekara a cikin duniya. Kimanin 100,000 daga cikinsu za a iya ji. Kimanin 100 - haifar da lalacewa. Misali, girgizar ƙasa kimanin 10,000 na faruwa a kudancin California kowace shekara. Yawancinsu ƙanana ne da ba sa ji. Fewan kaɗan ne kawai cikin girma suka kai maki 3.0, kuma kusan 15-20 suka wuce maki 4.0.
Girgizar ƙasa mafi ƙarfi da aka yi rikodin
Girgizar ƙasa mafi ƙarfi da aka yi rikice a duniya tana da girman maki 9.5. Hakan ya faru a Chile a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1960. Bayan shi, seismographs rikodin girgizar kasa wanda ke yaduwa a duk duniya. Sun girgiza duniya tsawon kwanaki. Wannan sabon abu shine ake kira 'free oscillation' na duniya.
Wane irin ruri ne mutum ya ji a cikin girgizar ƙasa?
Mutane na iya gano sautuna a cikin kewayon mitar daga 20 zuwa 20,000 hertz. Yawancin raƙuman girgizar ƙasa suna da ƙarancin ƙasa da 20 Hz, saboda haka raƙuman ruwa da kansu ba sa yawan magana. Mafi yawan sautin jita-jita da mutane ke ji yayin girgizar kasa sun fito ne daga tsarin ginin da suke ciki da kuma gine-ginen da ke kewayen.